Milad Karsaz, Borhan Pourtalebi, S. Majid Abdoli, Amir Raoof
{"title":"Optimizing Pressure Swing Distillation for Di-n-Propyl Ether and n-Propyl Alcohol Separation Using Aspen HYSYS and Machine Learning Algorithms","authors":"Milad Karsaz, Borhan Pourtalebi, S. Majid Abdoli, Amir Raoof","doi":"10.1007/s11814-026-00646-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-026-00646-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper presents the design and simulation of a pressure-swing distillation (PSD) process for separating and purifying di-n-propyl ether (DnPE) from n-propyl alcohol (nPA) using Aspen HYSYS software. The minimum-boiling-point azeotrope formed at atmospheric pressure makes conventional separation methods ineffective. Three critical parameters, feed stage, feed temperature, and reflux ratio, are systematically optimized to minimize energy consumption. The optimized process achieves product purities of 99.5% DnPE and 98.7% nPA while reducing energy consumption by 15% compared to conventional distillation. Additionally, an XGBoost regression model is developed to predict reboiler heat duty with 95% accuracy, further enhancing process efficiency. Particle swarm optimization is employed to identify optimal operating conditions based on the machine learning predictions. This integrated computational approach demonstrates significant improvements in separation efficiency, highlighting the industrial potential of the optimized PSD process for azeotropic mixtures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"43 5","pages":"1507 - 1519"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11814-026-00646-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147558740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kyoung Soo Kang, Heesang Ko, Yoon-Cheul Jeung, Kwangjin Jung, Ji-Eun Kim, Joonho Kim, Woohyun Kim
{"title":"Techno-Economic Assessment of Hydrogen Production via Alkaline Electrolysis: An Electrochemical Model-Based Analysis of Operating Conditions","authors":"Kyoung Soo Kang, Heesang Ko, Yoon-Cheul Jeung, Kwangjin Jung, Ji-Eun Kim, Joonho Kim, Woohyun Kim","doi":"10.1007/s11814-025-00633-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-025-00633-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To determine economically optimal operating strategies for alkaline water electrolysis systems, this study developed a comprehensive electrochemical and techno-economic model. The model incorporates stack performance, balance-of-plant (BOP) energy consumption, and variable capital and electricity costs. Simulation results show that system utilization rate is the most influential factor in reducing the levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH). High utilization and full-load operation significantly lower hydrogen production costs, particularly when electricity prices are high and system capital expenditures (CAPEX) are low. Under certain conditions, such as when electricity prices are high and system costs are low, an optimal partial-load operation point can be found that minimizes the LCOH by balancing stack efficiency with operating expenses. The study also explores trade-offs associated with increasing the number of electrolyzer cells to improve efficiency. It is found that the benefits of improved efficiency offset the additional capital and maintenance costs only when electricity prices are sufficiently high and system costs sufficiently low. These results suggest that appropriate load management and system design optimization are essential to achieving economically viable hydrogen production via alkaline electrolysis, especially in regions with high electricity prices and fluctuating renewable energy supply. Distinct from conventional TEA studies that rely on fixed stack efficiency or simplified BOP assumptions, this work provides an electrochemical-model-based, stack–BOP coupled framework to determine economically optimal operating regimes and design trade-offs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"43 5","pages":"1379 - 1389"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tranexamic Acid for Melasma Treatment: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"Le Thi Nhu Ngoc, Ju-Young Moon, Young-Chul Lee","doi":"10.1007/s11814-025-00624-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-025-00624-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), we investigated the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid (TA) in treating melasma. Out of 546 articles initially screened, 63 RCTS met the inclusion criteria. The efficacy was evaluated using the meta-analysis’s standardized mean differences (SMDs). The analysis showed that oral TA significantly improved melasma severity in patients receiving long-term treatment, particularly by weeks 8 and 12. Topical TA also demonstrated beneficial effects, with noticeable improvements in melasma indices starting from week 8. Subgroup analyses further supported the effectiveness of TA in reducing MASI index across different treatment modalities. Although some adverse events were reported, TA was generally well tolerated. This study suggests that TA should be widely applied in the treatment of melasma because of its significant improvements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"43 5","pages":"1203 - 1215"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Urea-Assisted Carbonyl Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes for Enhanced Vanadium Redox Reaction Kinetics","authors":"Heeyeon An, Sieun Jeon, Yongjin Chung","doi":"10.1007/s11814-026-00649-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-026-00649-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising electrocatalysts for vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs); however, their inherent hydrophobicity poses challenges for practical application. In this study, we introduce a straightforward and industrially feasible urea-assisted treatment that facilitates carbonyl-rich oxygen functionalization on CNT surfaces through mild oxidation, while maintaining the integrity of the graphitic framework. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms a significant enrichment of carbonyl (C = O) species, resulting in a marked enhancement in surface wettability, with only a moderate reduction in electrical conductivity. Electrochemical analyses demonstrate a substantial increase in catalytic activity towards both VO<sup>2+</sup>/VO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> and V<sup>2+</sup>/V<sup>3+</sup> redox couples, with anodic peak current densities approximately 2.32 times greater than those of pristine CNTs and a decreased charge-transfer resistance (66.1% post-treatment). When applied to graphite felt electrodes, CNT/urea exhibits improved single-cell VRFB performance, achieving an energy efficiency of approximately 64.5% and a discharge capacity of 25.77 Ah L⁻¹ at 400 mA cm⁻², along with stable operation over 1,000 cycles. This research highlights urea-assisted carbonyl functionalization as a cost-effective and scalable approach for developing hydrophilic, catalytically active CNT electrodes for practical VRFB applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"43 5","pages":"1425 - 1436"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ta Ngoc Don, Ta Ngoc Thien Huy, Tran Anh Vy, Ta Ngoc Hung, Le Van Duong
{"title":"Synthesis of Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-14 from Zinc Chloride and its Application as a Catalyst for the Synthesis of 1-Methoxy-2-Propanol","authors":"Ta Ngoc Don, Ta Ngoc Thien Huy, Tran Anh Vy, Ta Ngoc Hung, Le Van Duong","doi":"10.1007/s11814-025-00619-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-025-00619-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-14 (ZIF-14) was successfully synthesized for the first time from zinc chloride with high yield in an environmentally friendly solvent at room temperature. The effects of precursors, solvents, additives, reaction time, and temperature were systematically investigated. A scalable synthesis process for ZIF-14 was also developed, demonstrating good reproducibility. The synthesized ZIF-14 was characterized using x-ray powder diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential thermal analysis<b> (</b>DTA), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms methods. The results confirmed that ZIF-14 synthesized under optimal conditions exhibited a specific surface area (BET) of 830 m<sup>2</sup>/g, thermal stability up to 300 °C, a particle size of 6.5 µm, and a yield of 74.0%. The synthesized ZIF-14 was employed as a catalyst for the synthesis of 1-Methoxy-2-propanol (1-MP) from Propylene Oxide (PO) and Methanol (CH<sub>3</sub>OH), yielding excellent results. The PO conversion reached 100%, and the 1-MP selectivity was 98.6% after 6 h at 110 °C.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"43 4","pages":"933 - 944"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147340756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Magnetite Reduction Kinetics Under H2 and CO Atmospheres at High Temperature","authors":"Hao Cheng, Guoqiang Cao, Zhongren Ba, Donghai Hu, Yongbin Wang, Chunyu Li, Jiantao Zhao, Yitian Fang","doi":"10.1007/s11814-025-00643-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-025-00643-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Magnetite reduction using H<sub>2</sub>-CO-N<sub>2</sub> mixtures with varying H<sub>2</sub>/CO molar ratios (9:1, 5:5, and 1:9) were investigated over a temperature range of 1400–1550℃ by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results show that both increasing the hydrogen content in the reducing gas mixture and elevating the reaction temperature significantly accelerate the reduction process. Analysis of peak distribution characteristics and interruption experiments indicate that the overall reduction proceeds in two distinct steps: Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> → FeO followed by FeO → Fe. Kinetic modeling demonstrates that these steps are governed by different mechanisms: the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> → FeO step is best described by a nucleation and growth model, while the FeO → Fe step follows a phase-boundary controlled (contracting cylinder) model. Using the model-fitting method, the apparent activation energies (Ea) for Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> → FeO were determined to be 73.65, 81.43, and 108.46 kJ/mol, and for FeO → Fe were 114.35, 118.32, and 130.08 kJ/mol, corresponding to H<sub>2</sub>/CO ratios of 9:1, 5:5, and 1:9, respectively. In addition, the model-free (iso-conversional) method was applied to evaluate the variation of Ea with conversion. The obtained activation energies for Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> → FeO were 72.94, 89.62, and 97.27 kJ/mol, while those for FeO → Fe were 115.06, 118.86, and 122.74 kJ/mol under the same H<sub>2</sub>/CO ratios. The close agreement between values derived from both methods confirms the reliability of the kinetic analysis and provides robust insight into the reduction mechanisms of magnetite under mixed H<sub>2</sub>–CO atmospheres.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"43 5","pages":"1493 - 1505"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Anisotropic Etching of Cobalt Thin Films Using High Density Plasma of Ethylenediamine/Ar Gas Mixture","authors":"Hong Ju Yang, Kyung Ho Oh, Chee Won Chung","doi":"10.1007/s11814-025-00634-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-025-00634-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dry etching of Co thin films patterned with TiN hard marks was conducted using a high-density plasma of ethylenediamine/Ar gas mixture. The effects of ethylenediamine concentration on the etch characteristics of the Co thin films were examined. In addition, the main etch parameters were investigated in terms of the etch rate, etch selectivity, and the etch profile. Scanning probe microscopy, optical emission spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were utilized to elucidate the etch mechanism in ethylenediamine/Ar gas chemistry. XPS analysis confirmed the formation of Co(CN)<sub>2</sub> during the etching. Finally, the redeposition-free anisotropic etching of Co thin films patterned with 150 nm lines were achieved using an ethylenediamine/Ar gas mixture.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"43 5","pages":"1415 - 1424"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147559861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianzhi Wang, Qingyi Lu, Zhenggui Wei, Jun Cheng, Zhi-Gang Gao
{"title":"Bismuth-based Catalysts for Efficient Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction Reaction: A Mini-review","authors":"Jianzhi Wang, Qingyi Lu, Zhenggui Wei, Jun Cheng, Zhi-Gang Gao","doi":"10.1007/s11814-026-00647-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-026-00647-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bismuth-based semiconductor materials exhibit tremendous potential in photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reactions (CO<sub>2</sub>RR) due to their unique layered structure, suitable bandgap, excellent visible-light responsiveness, and photochemical stability. As environmentally friendly photocatalysts, bismuth-based materials have garnered extensive attention for alleviating energy crises and environmental pollution. However, challenges persist in large-scale applications for bismuth-based catalysts, including high photogenerated carrier recombination rates, limited visible-light response ranges, and insufficient photocatalytic activity. This paper systematically reviews recent research progress on bismuth-based catalysts for photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, focusing on three categories of bismuth-based materials: Bi, Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and BiOX (X = Cl, Br or I). It highlights their respective advantages and disadvantages, along with constructive optimization strategies to enhance catalytic efficiency.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"43 5","pages":"1355 - 1365"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rakhmawati Nabila, Corwin Rudly, Soohyun Kim, Hyuk Im, Hokyung Choi, Donghyuk Chun, Sangdo Kim, Jeonghwan Lim, Jiho Yoo
{"title":"Ni-Mg Catalyst Supported on Cellulose Nanofiber Derived Carbon for CO2 Methanation","authors":"Rakhmawati Nabila, Corwin Rudly, Soohyun Kim, Hyuk Im, Hokyung Choi, Donghyuk Chun, Sangdo Kim, Jeonghwan Lim, Jiho Yoo","doi":"10.1007/s11814-025-00640-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-025-00640-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CO<sub>2</sub> methanation is a promising process for producing methane as a hydrogen carrier while reducing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> levels, offering a sustainable pathway for achieving a carbon cycle through the power-to-gas (P2G) system. In this study, a green catalyst for CO<sub>2</sub> methanation was developed using cellulose nanofiber (CNF), a renewable material, as the support. Ni and Mg were dispersed on CNF and subsequently calcined at 500 °C to obtain a CNF-derived carbon-supported Ni and Mg catalyst (NiMg/CNF), designed to minimize carbon deposition. NiMg/CNF catalyst exhibited significantly higher CO<sub>2</sub> conversion (~ 85%) and CH<sub>4</sub> selectivity (~ 99%) at 350 °C, compared to a bulk cellulose-supported catalyst. This improved performance was likely attributed to the nanofiber structure of CNF and its abundant oxygen functional groups, which can facilitate metal nanodispersion. TEM analysis confirmed that Ni and Mg were uniformly dispersed as nanoscale particles (< 5 nm) on the CNF support. SEM images of the NiMg/CNF revealed curved thin-film sheets interconnected in a three-dimensional network, with large void spaces that can provide effective pathways for mass transport. The NiMg/CNF catalyst maintained relatively stable activity during a 100 h continuous reaction, with CO<sub>2</sub> conversion stabilizing around ~ 85% and CH<sub>4</sub> selectivity remaining above 98% until the final stage of the test. XRD pattern of the post-reaction sample closely matched that of the fresh one, indicating that Ni and Mg maintained structural stability on the CNF support.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"43 5","pages":"1481 - 1492"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147560323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdulkadir Akin, Orhan Baytar, Abdurrahman Akdag, Ömer Şahin, Arzu Ekinci
{"title":"Structural and Electrochemical Optimization of Platinum-Saving Pt-CoNiO/C Catalysts Synthesized Via Green Methods for High-Performance PEM Fuel Cells","authors":"Abdulkadir Akin, Orhan Baytar, Abdurrahman Akdag, Ömer Şahin, Arzu Ekinci","doi":"10.1007/s11814-025-00641-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11814-025-00641-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluates the effectiveness of Pt-CoO/C, Pt-NiO/C, and Pt-CoNiO/C catalysts in PEM fuel cells, highlighting their interactions and synergistic effects on morphology, power density, current density, and electrochemical properties. The current study focuses on examining the structural and morphological characteristics of the catalysts using analytical techniques such as TEM, XRD, and SEM-EDX. Pt-CoNiO/C outperforms conventional catalysts by demonstrating reduced ohmic and mass transport losses attributed to the synergistic effects of Pt, Co, and Ni, which favor electron dispersion and facilitate efficient charge transfer. Pt-CoNiO/C has an electrochemical surface area (ECSA) of 141 m<sup>2</sup>/g<sub>Pt</sub>, and its highest current density is 182 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. Its highest power density is 137 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>. The performance of the catalyst improves with temperature, with Pt-CoNiO/C achieving the best rating at 70 °C. The results show that Pt-CoNiO/C can be used instead of Pt/C catalysts because it uses less platinum and still works well in PEM fuel cell applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":684,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"43 4","pages":"1085 - 1101"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11814-025-00641-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147338685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}