Sara B. Keller, Dingjie Suo, Yak-Nam Wang, H. Kenerson, Alexandra Sestero, R. Yeung, M. Averkiou
{"title":"Image-guided doxorubicin delivery with ultrasound and microbubbles in a mouse model of hepatocellular carcinoma using a diagnostic ultrasound system","authors":"Sara B. Keller, Dingjie Suo, Yak-Nam Wang, H. Kenerson, Alexandra Sestero, R. Yeung, M. Averkiou","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8925858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8925858","url":null,"abstract":"Despite advances in chemotherapeutic drug development, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide with a <30% 5-year survival rate. This poor prognosis can be attributed to the fact that HCC most commonly occurs in patients with pre-existing liver conditions, rendering many systemic options too aggressive. Patient survival rates could be improved by a more targeted approach. Ultrasound and microbubbles can provide a means for overcoming traditional barriers defining drug uptake. The goal of this work was to evaluate preclinical efficacy of image-guided drug delivery of doxorubicin with ultrasound and microbubbles. To this end, therapy settings were created on a Philips EpiQ and S5-1 phased array probe to provide focused sound for treatment. Sonovue was chosen as a clinically approved microbubble. A genetically engineered mouse model was bred and used as a physiologically relevant preclinical analog to human HCC. It was observed that ultrasound and microbubble therapy resulted in enhanced doxorubicin distribution as seen in fluorescent microscopy. Further, immediate vascular shutdown was observed in treated animals. The combination of these effects may be exploited to treat a challenging malignancy.","PeriodicalId":6759,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1527-1530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87567506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DNN Beamforming for High Contrast Targets in the Presence of Reverberation Clutter","authors":"Adam C. Luchies, B. Byram","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8925715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8925715","url":null,"abstract":"We evaluated training deep neural network (DNN) beamformers for the task of high contrast imaging in the presence of reverberation clutter. Training data was generated using simulated hypoechoic cysts and a pseudo nonlinear method for generating reverberation clutter. Performance was compared to standard delay-and-sum (DAS) beamforming on simulated hypoechoic cysts having a different size. For a hypoechoic cyst in the presence of reverberation clutter, when the intrinsic contrast ratio (CR) was -10 dB and -20 dB, the measured CR for DAS beamforming was -9.2±0.8 dB and -14.3±0.5 dB, respectively, and the measured CR for DNNs was -10.7±1.4 dB and -20.0±1.0 dB, respectively. For a hypoechoic cyst with -20 dB intrinsic CR, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) was 3.4±0.3 dB and 4.3±0.3 dB for DAS and DNN beamforming, respectively. These results show that DNN beamforming was able to extend contrast ratio dynamic range (CRDR) by about 10 dB while also improving CNR.","PeriodicalId":6759,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"291-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87587078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chandra Karunakaran, Srishti Saraswat, J. Tak, Hongbo Zhao, H. Xin, R. Witte
{"title":"Real-Time Thermoacoustic Imaging and Thermometry during Focused Microwave Heating in Multilayer Breast Phantom","authors":"Chandra Karunakaran, Srishti Saraswat, J. Tak, Hongbo Zhao, H. Xin, R. Witte","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8925833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8925833","url":null,"abstract":"This study describes real-time thermoacoustic imaging (TAI) and thermometry (TAT) for feedback during thermal therapies. The system uses a linear ultrasound array and imaging system to noninvasively estimate temperature. The system was validated in gel phantoms, muscle and fat tissue samples. A mean error between 10 and 20% per degree was observed for estimating temperature. A TAT system using a single element ultrasound probe was also integrated with a focused microwave therapy (FMT) setup for generating local heating, leading to a mean error of 1.18±0.87 °C compared to thermocouples placed near the region of interest. The results support the long-term goal of developing a closed-loop platform for image-guided ablation therapy for breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":6759,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"70 1","pages":"530-539"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88257444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Christensen-Jeffries, L. Peralta, M. Reinwald, J. Hajnal, R. Eckersley
{"title":"Coherent Multi-Transducer Ultrasound Imaging with Microbubble Contrast Agents","authors":"K. Christensen-Jeffries, L. Peralta, M. Reinwald, J. Hajnal, R. Eckersley","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8926265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8926265","url":null,"abstract":"A coherent multi-transducer ultrasound imaging system (CoMTUS) enables an extended effective aperture through coherent combination of multiple transducers. The resulting larger effective aperture improves the ultrasound imaging performance. The optimal beamforming parameters, which include the transducer locations and the average speed of sound in the medium, are deduced by maximizing the coherence of the received radio frequency data by cross-correlation. In this technique, the detection of multiple isolated point-like targets in the overlap of the insonated regions is mandatory to determine the relative probe-to-probe position. This study proposes the use of microbubbles to generate the point-like targets that the CoMTUS approach requires. The first phantom images produced using CoMTUS and microbubbles are presented here.","PeriodicalId":6759,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"18 1","pages":"2310-2312"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88335689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Felmetsger, M. Mikhov, M. Ramezani, R. Tabrizian
{"title":"Sputter Process Optimization for Al0.7Sc0.3N Piezoelectric Films","authors":"V. Felmetsger, M. Mikhov, M. Ramezani, R. Tabrizian","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8925576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8925576","url":null,"abstract":"Al0.7Sc0.3N films were reactively sputtered from AlSc segmented targets by ac poweredde S-gun magnetron. 0.5-2.0 µm thick films with homogeneous Sc concentration within 30 +/- 0.5 at. % across 200-mm wafers were grown at ambient temperature directly on Si (100) and on highly (110) textured Mo electrodes. Sputter process optimization, focused on improving film crystalline quality and reducing surface roughness, was performed using XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, and AFM methods. In contrast to AlN films, which crystallinity typically improves with increasing film thickness due to growth of more thorough grains, Al0.7Sc0.3N texture degrades in thicker films. Technological solutions for smooth and highly c-axis oriented Al0.7Sc0.3N films were defined and tested. Introduction of AlN seed layer and deposition at low gas pressure remarkably suppressed growth of abnormal grains and improved crystallinity of the films. Highly c-axis oriented films with RC FWHM of 1.6° and surface roughness RMS of 2.3 nm were grown on Si as well as on Mo electrodes.","PeriodicalId":6759,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"40 1","pages":"2600-2603"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86226687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Process and Design Challenge for SMR-type Bulk Acoustic Wave (BAW) Filters at Frequencies Above 5 GHz","authors":"M. Schaefer, R. Rothemund, G. Fattinger","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8925767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8925767","url":null,"abstract":"With the new 5G wireless communication standard on the horizon, new and formerly unused bands will be introduced with frequencies up to 6 GHz. BAW filters play a crucial role supporting those bands due to their tight guard-band and steep rejection requirements. This paper will elaborate on process and design challenges based on a 5.2GHz filter design.","PeriodicalId":6759,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"11 1","pages":"1696-1699"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86198851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah Leclerc, Pierre-Marc Jodoin, L. Løvstakken, O. Bernard, E. Smistad, T. Grenier, C. Lartizien, A. Ostvik, F. Cervenansky, F. Espinosa, T. Espeland, Erik Andreas Rye Berg
{"title":"RU-Net: A refining segmentation network for 2D echocardiography","authors":"Sarah Leclerc, Pierre-Marc Jodoin, L. Løvstakken, O. Bernard, E. Smistad, T. Grenier, C. Lartizien, A. Ostvik, F. Cervenansky, F. Espinosa, T. Espeland, Erik Andreas Rye Berg","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8926158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8926158","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present a novel attention mechanism to refine the segmentation of the endocardium and epicardium in 2D echocardiography. A combination of two U-Nets is used to derive a region of interest in the image before the segmentation. By relying on parameterised sigmoids to perform thresholding operations, the full pipeline is trainable end-to-end. The Refining U-Net (RU-Net) architecture is evaluated on the CAMUS dataset, comprising 2000 annotated images from the apical 2 and 4 chamber views of 500 patients. Although geometrical scores are only marginally improved, the reduction in outlier predictions (from 20% to 16%) supports the interest of such approach.","PeriodicalId":6759,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"20 1","pages":"1160-1163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82645439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Minghua Li, J. Xie, Bangtao Chen, Nan Wang, Yao Zhu
{"title":"Microstructural evolution of the abnormal crystallite grains in sputtered ScAlN film for piezo-MEMS applications","authors":"Minghua Li, J. Xie, Bangtao Chen, Nan Wang, Yao Zhu","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8926009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8926009","url":null,"abstract":"Scandium aluminum nitride (ScAlN) thin film has received wide attention for high performance piezo-MEMS device development. This work studies the large-size abnormal grains in the reactive sputtered ScAlN films. Our experimental results prove the abnormal grain nucleates in the normal film matrix and grows larger along the film thickness direction. The local in-plane strain induced by the lattice deformation results in atomic stacking fault, which is suggested to drive the abnormal nucleation.","PeriodicalId":6759,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"5 1","pages":"1124-1126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88891389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Side Lobe Reduction Using Centroid and Flatness in Passive Cavitation Imaging","authors":"M. Jeong, Sung Jae Kwon, M. Choi","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8925582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8925582","url":null,"abstract":"Cavitation bubbles generated by high-intensity focused ultrasound strongly collapse and emit ultrasound waves. Since passive cavitation imaging can be performed using only receive focusing, side lobes appear over a wide area of an image. The delay and sum beamforming technique used to construct passive cavitation images cannot effectively image the cavitation occurrence time and spatial distribution because a small cavitation signal is buried in the side lobe of a large cavitation signal when there are a large number of cavitation bubbles. The ultrasound wave emitted when the cavitation bubble collapses is a short duration pulse. After compensating for the focusing delay, the signals due to the main lobe (at the imaging point) received at each element of the transducer array are similar in magnitude, but those due to the side lobes (other than the imaging point) is significant only at some elements of the array. Using this characteristic of the received channel data, we propose both centroid and flatness as metrics to evaluate the effect of the main and side lobes at imaging points. If the centroid of the signal magnitude distribution of the entire receiving channel is positioned at the center of the array, the signal is considered to be due to the main lobe. However, if the centroid is computed to be located near both ends of the array, the signal is considered to be due to the side lobes. If the signals are found to be due to the side lobes in passive cavitation imaging, the pixel brightness is reduced by weighting using the centroid and flatness metrics. We computed the centroid and flatness metrics using computer simulation and experimental data, and confirmed the suppression of side lobes by multiplying the image by a weight using the centroid and flatness. The proposed method makes it easier to observe cavitation by effectively removing side lobes from passive cavitation images when the number of cavitation bubbles is not large.","PeriodicalId":6759,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"28 1","pages":"1455-1458"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90436899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Meles, J. van der Neut, K. V. van Dongen, K. Wapenaar
{"title":"Wavefield focusing with reduced cranial invasiveness","authors":"G. Meles, J. van der Neut, K. V. van Dongen, K. Wapenaar","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8925565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2019.8925565","url":null,"abstract":"Wavefield focusing can be achieved by Time-Reversal Mirrors, which involve in- and output signals that are infinite in time and waves propagating through the entire medium. Here, an alternative solution for wavefield focusing is presented. This solution is based on a new integral representation where in- and output signals are finite in time, and where the energy of the waves propagating in the layer embedding the focal point is reduced. We explore the potential of the proposed method with numerical experiments involving a 1D example and a cranium model consisting of a skull enclosing a brain.","PeriodicalId":6759,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium (IUS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"1851-1854"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91394827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}