Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry最新文献

{"title":"Investigating Cd2⁺ ion sensing with palygorskite-carbon paste electrodes: optimizing performance through Doehlert design","authors":"Abdellah Mourak, Mohamed Hajjaji, Rachid Idouhli, Mohy-Eddine Khadiri, Abdesselam Abouelfida","doi":"10.1007/s10008-024-06002-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-024-06002-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, the potential use of a novel electrode composed of palygorskite, a natural nanomaterial with a hollow structure, for the detection of Cd²⁺was investigated. Moreover, the electrode’s efficiency under various operating conditions was assessed through response surface methodology. For this purpose, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were utilized along with Doehlert experimental design methodology. The findings demonstrated that the electrode’s sensitivity was enhanced by using HCl solution (10⁻² M) as a supporting electrolyte or by increasing Cd²⁺ ion concentration. Additionally, the weights of the effects of the factors on electrode sensitivity followed the order Cd²⁺ concentration &gt; pH &gt; scan rate. The estimated limit of detection was approximately 2.03 × 10⁻⁴ mol/L; however, experimentally, Cd²⁺ concentrations as low as 5 × 10⁻⁵ M could be detected. The electrode exhibited selectivity in detecting Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions in arable land. Furthermore, it could be regenerated through a mild chemical treatment involving cation exchange. On the other hand, the electrode/solution interface could be likened to an electric circuit comprising solution resistance (162 Ω.cm²), charge transfer resistance (19.850 Ω.cm²), double-layer capacitor (11.3 × 10⁻⁶ Fs^(α-1)), and Warburg diffusion element (150 s⁻¹). These data as well as the electrode’s performance were mainly discussed in the sight of the physical and structural characteristics of palygorskite.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000","PeriodicalId":665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141574760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Focused review on factors affecting martensitic stainless steels and super martensitic stainless steel passive film in the oil and gas field","authors":"Shoaib Malik,&nbsp;Ahmed Bahgat Radwan,&nbsp;Noora Al-Qahtani,&nbsp;Aboubakr Abdullah,&nbsp;Muhsen El Haddad,&nbsp;Raymundo Case,&nbsp;Homero Castaneda,&nbsp;Noora Al-Thani,&nbsp;Jolly Bhadra","doi":"10.1007/s10008-024-05984-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10008-024-05984-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Martensitic and super martensitic stainless steels are widely used in the oil and gas industry for general corrosion mitigation in the presence of sweet corrosion (CO₂) and sour corrosion (H₂S), providing a cost-effective alternative to more expensive exotic corrosion-resistant alloys. Martensitic stainless steel is an approved material for construction when selecting tubular CO₂ injection wells. This work aims to review the published literature on the subject of the operation limits of martensitic stainless steel and super martensitic stainless steel in high temperatures and high pressure under corrosive environments. Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and sulfide stress corrosion cracking (SSCC) mechanisms on martensitic and super martensitic stainless steel surfaces are thoroughly analyzed. In this review paper, we have analyzed the factors that play a crucial role in passive film growth and passivity breakdown. The present work is to review the state of the art of mechanism responsible for SCC and SSCC susceptibility in different modified martensitic stainless steel materials, which are applied to the industry and lab scale. We have reviewed the effect of different concentrations of molybdenum content on SCC and SSCC susceptibility of conventional martensitic stainless steel, modified martensitic stainless steel, and super martensitic stainless steel. The effect of tempering temperature on the SCC and SSCC performance of the martensitic and super martensitic stainless steel was also studied. We also studied the effect of different concentrations of chromium on the improved corrosion-resistant properties and stability of passivation film.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10008-024-05984-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141574881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A general approach for controllable surface structuring of metals via through-mask electrochemical micromachining under isotropic etching mode","authors":"Rong Yi, Muhammad Ajmal Khan, Hui Deng","doi":"10.1007/s10008-024-06004-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-024-06004-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Surface structuring has attracted growing interest in the industry due to its potential to improve the macroscopic properties of workpieces. This work investigated the surface structuring of metals by combining thermal oxide film mask and laser lithography with isotropic etching. The metals were thermally oxidized to form a protective oxide film, laser ablation patterned the thermal oxide film, while electrochemical etching operated in the isotropic mode obtained an array of hemispherical cavities. The isotropic etching potential for different metals is taken from the mass transport region of the polarization curve. The effects of thermal oxide film thickness and laser ablation area on the uniformity of the etching holes were studied. The thermal oxidation of TA2 at 350 °C formed a 20-nm-thick oxide film, while an array of 10 μm radius hemispherical microcavities was fabricated on the laser patterning surface via electrochemical etching at 2 V for 1 min. The surface structuring of stainless steel, pure nickel, and tungsten is highly dependent on the ability of the oxide film to avoid electrochemical reactions. The feasibility of combining thermal oxidation and laser lithography with electrochemical etching is of great value for the surface structuring of metallic materials for biomedical and microsystem applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141574880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-step electrodeposited binder-free Co-MOF films and their supercapacitor application","authors":"Jing Cao,&nbsp;Yang Li,&nbsp;Lijun Wang,&nbsp;Yongmin Qiao,&nbsp;Jianguang Xu,&nbsp;Jing Li,&nbsp;Luping Zhu,&nbsp;Suna Zhang,&nbsp;Xixi Yan,&nbsp;Huaqing Xie","doi":"10.1007/s10008-024-06001-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10008-024-06001-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with redox-active metal ions and a variety of organic linkers have been widely investigated as prospective electrode materials for supercapacitors. Here, we generate uniformly dense spherical particles on a nickel foam substrate by a simple and binder-free one-step electrodeposition method by adjusting the deposition conditions. The active cobalt in the Co-MOF thin films can provide a large number of redox sites for the electrochemical reaction, while the uniform binder-free Co-MOF structure can keep enough contact area with the electrolyte to reduce the ion transport resistance. As-prepared CTB-0.9 (Co-MOF with a deposition voltage of − 0.9 V) thin film has a specific capacitance of 797.5 F g⁻¹ at a current density of 1 A g⁻¹, exhibiting excellent electrochemical properties. An asymmetric supercapacitor with CTB-0.9 as the positive material and activated carbon as the negative material also demonstrates competitive electrochemical performances, which has a high energy density of 34.3 Wh Kg⁻¹ at a power density of 36,317.6 W Kg⁻¹. This work may open up an effective approach to realize the electrosynthesis of Co-MOF films, promoting the utilization of Co-based MOFs in energy storage and conversion fields.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141574882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of electrochemical oxidation of Disperse Yellow 3 dye over BDD anodes","authors":"Cláudio M. de Castro, Ângela Kinoshita, Oswaldo Baffa, Paulo Olivi","doi":"10.1007/s10008-024-05994-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-024-05994-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrochemical oxidation is a promising approach for developing viable alternatives to treat polluted waters and effluents from various sources, including industrial and domestic wastewater. Since azo dyes represent an important part of the dyes used in the textile industries and because they are toxic and difficult to be treated by conventional methods, in this study, we investigate the electrodegradation of the azo dye Disperse Yellow 3 (DY3) on a boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode. Byproducts are monitored by mass spectrometry and the electrogenerated hydroxyl and sulfate free radicals are analyzed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR). Hydroxyl radical formation during the electrolysis in nitrate medium is identified by EPR technique whereas in the sulfate medium, sulfate radical is identified in addition to hydroxyl radicals. The use of different electrolysis conditions allows confirming the ability of the electrochemical method to degrade the azo dye using BDD electrodes. The catalytic effectiveness for the DY3 electrodegradation in the presence of sulfate is around 8 times more efficient than in the presence of pure nitrate solution, which is attributed to the sulfate radical formation that largely influences the BDD electroactivity, accelerating degradation.</p>","PeriodicalId":665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141574884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation of layered structure MnO2/CNTs composites for high-performance salt removal by hybrid capacitive deionization","authors":"Hoang Anh Nguyen,&nbsp;Thi Thuy Linh Le,&nbsp;Minh Dai To,&nbsp;Anh Tuan Dao,&nbsp;Le Hoang Tan Doan,&nbsp;Van Vien Nguyen,&nbsp;Thai Hoang Nguyen,&nbsp;Viet Hai Le,&nbsp;Le Thanh Nguyen Huynh","doi":"10.1007/s10008-024-05998-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10008-024-05998-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Capacity deionization (CDI), which combines capacitive carbon electrodes and redox-active electrodes, has emerged as a promising method for water desalination. It enables higher ion removal capacity than CDI-containing carbonaceous electrodes. Our work aimed to synthesize layered structure δ-MnO₂/CNTs composites via the sol-gel method, examining their suitability for hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI). The XRD results showed a layered structure birnessite for all composites with a distance interlayer over 7.0 Å, while the SEM images confirmed the intercopration of MnO₂ particles and CNT fibers. The electrochemical evaluations evidenced the role of CNTs in enhancing the charge transfer and ionic diffusion in composites. Composite δ-MnO₂/CNTs presented a specific capacitance of 160 F g⁻¹ at a charge-discharge rate of 1 A g^-1 upon 1600 cycles. In salt removal performance, the asymmetric cell AC||δ-MnO₂/CNTs-1 showed the highest salt adsorption capacity (SAC) of 30.2 mg g⁻¹ and fast average salt adsorption rate (ASAR) of 3 mg g⁻¹ s⁻¹ under a constant applied potential 1.4 V in 200 ppm NaCl, rendering it a promising candidate for efficient and sustainable desalination technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141574914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defect chemistry of pyrochlore Pr2O3-ZrO2 system: the relevant thermodynamic parameters","authors":"J. C. C. Abrantes, E. Gomes, A. V. Shlyakhtina","doi":"10.1007/s10008-024-05995-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-024-05995-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Materials of the system Pr₂O₃-ZrO₂, namely the Pr₂Zr₂O₇-based pyrochlores, have received considerable attention in the last decade, being a very interesting structure for defect chemistry because of its high solubility for various dopants, anti-site behaviour between A and B, and the multitude of possible combinations of A and B that are compatible in this type of structure. The compositions (Pr_2-xZr_x)Zr₂O_7+x/2 (x = 0.15), Pr₂Zr₂O₇, and Pr₂(Zr_2-xPr_x)O_7-x/2 (x = 0.1), were prepared in previous works through the coprecipitation method and were characterised by impedance spectroscopy as a function of the oxygen partial pressure. In the present work, a defect chemistry model is proposed, and, based on the previously obtained experimental conductivity data, the relevant thermodynamic parameters were obtained by fitting, using a non-linear optimisation numerical method. The mobility of oxygen vacancies and interstitials oxygen were accurately determined, as well as the equilibrium constant of the formation of anti-Frenkel defects. It was observed that deviations from the stoichiometry promote an increase in ionic conductivity, respectively, 1.3x10^-4, 1.4x10^-3 and 1.7x10^-2 S/cm, for the stoichiometric, excess of Pr and excess of Zr composition. The higher value obtained for the composition with an excess of Zr⁴⁺, suggests a higher interstitial oxygen mobility when compared with the oxygen vacancy mobility. It is also demonstrated that the novel applied methodology of fitting conductivity experimental data with an optimisation numerical method is suitable for determining the thermodynamically relevant parameters of defect chemistry models, allowing the prediction of material properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141553148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative life cycle assessment of sequential chemical and electrochemical processes for the treatment of industrial textile wastewater","authors":"Luis Miguel Salazar-Sogamoso, Miguel-Ángel Gómez-García, Izabela Dobrosz-Gómez","doi":"10.1007/s10008-024-05976-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-024-05976-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fenton-based processes, chemical and electrochemical, have attracted the interest of industrial and academic researchers for wastewater treatment. However, the deficiency of rigorous comparison between different methods, including assessment of their impact on the environment, has hindered their large-scale application. This study reports for the first time on the sustainability of raw textile wastewater treatment through two sequential processes, Coagulation-Flocculation-Fenton-Neutralization (CF-F-N) and Coagulation-Flocculation-Electro-Fenton-Neutralization (CF-EF-N), based on Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. The CF-F-N and CF-EF-N were optimized at laboratory scale and compared through LCA, using the IPCC-2013 and ReCiPe-2016 midpoint and endpoint methods. The highest CO₂ emissions relied on the wastewater primary treatment by CF. This due to the high amount of hazardous sludge generated and the technology necessary for its disposal (i.e., 16.89 kg CO₂-Eq/FU for underground deposit in security cells or 47.52 kg CO₂-Eq/FU for incineration) as well as the consumption of reagents required for the treatment (alum, 7.72 kg CO₂-Eq/FU; and slaked lime, 5.56 kg CO₂-Eq/FU). Regarding the sequential processes, the EF-N presented lower carbon footprint (CFP) than the F-N (14.74 kg CO₂-Eq/FU vs. 20.74 kg CO₂-Eq/FU). Electricity (87.02% of the total CFP) and reagents (88.63% of the total CFP) denoted the main environmental hotspot during the EF-N and F-N, respectively. The EF-N, compared to the F-N, had an inferior incidence in 14 of the 18 impact categories analyzed using the ReCiPe-2016 method at the midpoint level. This is the result of low consumption of reagents and auxiliary chemicals. The electricity was also found as main environmental hotspot of the EF-N. The ReCiPe-2016 method at the endpoint level showed that the EF-N resulted in lower environmental load in all impact categories. The economic performance (11.91 USD/m³ for CF-EF-N vs. 13.66 USD/m³ for CF-F-N) and LCA demonstrated the competitiveness of the electrochemical sequential process compared to the chemical one. The CF-EF-N can be considered more environmentally sustainable technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141546734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the environmental and economic scope of an electrocoagulation process for the treatment of wastewater from the instant coffee industry","authors":"Izabela Dobrosz-Gómez, Harold N. Ibarra-Taquez, Miguel-Ángel Gómez-García","doi":"10.1007/s10008-024-05940-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10008-024-05940-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, an industrial wastewater from instant coffee production was treated by electrocoagulation (EC). The effect of various EC operating parameters, such as electrode type, current density, support electrolyte concentration and stirring velocity, were investigated to determine the optimal operating EC conditions. The scope of electrocoagulation (EC) was assessed, in environmental and economic terms, for the treatment of industrial wastewater originated from the production of instant coffee. The evaluation included the effect of EC operating factors (electrode type, current density, supporting electrolyte concentration and stirring velocity) on Color removal, COD and TOC degradation, toxicity, molecular weight distribution, as well as the total operating cost. The following optimal operating conditions were established through a series of preliminary experiments, a Box-Behnken design of experiments, Response Surface Methodology application, and multi-objective optimization analysis: the pair of Fe (anode)-stainless steel (cathode) electrodes, supporting electrolyte = 1.78 g of NaCl/L; current density = 150 A/m²; electrode gap = 3 mm; stirring velocity = 350 RPM; and pH₀ = 4.7 (that of raw industrial effluent). Finally, the kinetic study allowed defining the electrolysis operation time of ca. 180 min required to comply with the maximum permissible discharge limits for the production of instant coffee the discharge of soluble coffee effluents, in terms of COD concentration, established by current Colombian legislation. The EC reached ca. 97% decolorization, as well as 72% and 65% of COD and TOC removal degradation, respectively, with total operating costs of 6.26 USD/m³. This yielded an oxidized (COS = 2.87), biocompatible (BOD₅/COD = 0.437) and non-toxic effluent, free of contaminants with molecular weight &gt; 30 kDa. The EC appeared as an effective alternative for the treatment of industrial wastewater from the production of instant coffee within the framework of different Sustainable Development Goals (number 6 (Clean water and sanitation), number 7 (Clean and affordable energy), number 9 (Industry, innovation and infrastructure) and 13 (Climate action)).</p>","PeriodicalId":665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing dye-sensitized solar cell performance; optimization of quaternary counterion-based gel polymer electrolyte without changing additives or net-ion composition","authors":"T. M. W. J. Bandara,&nbsp;K. M. S. P. Bandara,&nbsp;H. M. N. Wickramasinghe,&nbsp;L. R. A. K. Bandara,&nbsp;N. M. Adassooriya,&nbsp;Kapila Wijayaratne","doi":"10.1007/s10008-024-05993-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10008-024-05993-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A series of novel gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) was developed for quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), to enhance their performance via mixed counterion effect. Here, LiI, CsI, tetrahexylammonium iodide (Hex₄NI), and 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (MPII) were used as iodide salts for the preparation of this new GPE. The electrolyte series was investigated by varying the molar fractions of LiI and CsI, keeping the molar fractions of Hex₄NI and MPII constant. The molar composition of the iodide salts in electrolytes is MPII_0.25(Hex₄NI)_0.8CsI_(2-<i>x</i>)LiI_<i>x</i>, where <i>x</i> is the variable. The temperature dependence of conductivity showed Vogel-Tammann-Fulcher behavior. The sample with <i>x</i> = 0.72, where LiI to CsI to Hex₄NI to MPII molar ratio is 72:48:80:25, which gave 8.42 mS cm⁻¹ at 30 °C, displayed the maximum conductivity at all the temperatures. The dependence of the complex AC conductivity on frequency is examined in detail to study the impacts of dielectric polarization effects of the GPEs. Quasi-solid-state DSSCs were constructed by utilizing six-layered TiO₂ photoelectrodes, Pt counter electrode, and the novel GPE series. The three-salt electrolytes, containing LiI only and CsI only, containing DSSC showed efficiencies of 5.72% and 3.53% respectively. The four-salt system, which is composed of LiI to CsI to Hex₄NI to MPII with a molar ratio of 96:24:80:25, demonstrated the highest solar cell efficiency of 7.42%, due to the collective contribution of Hex₄N⁺, MPI⁺, Cs⁺, and Li⁺ ions in improving the charge transport in the electrolyte system. This study shows that DSSC performance can greatly be improved by optimizing counterion ratios without changing total ions in the electrolyte.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":665,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141524569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}