Hengbao Chen, Xiaohui Lu, Ye Chen, Bing Li, Jiaqi Gao, Lei Liu, Jiayi Hou, Xudong Li
{"title":"Synthesis of nano-sized H-ZSM-5 zeolite aggregates by modified seed-induced method and their catalytic performance in methanol to propylene reaction","authors":"Hengbao Chen, Xiaohui Lu, Ye Chen, Bing Li, Jiaqi Gao, Lei Liu, Jiayi Hou, Xudong Li","doi":"10.1007/s10934-025-01779-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-025-01779-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Long chain quaternary ammonium salts such as cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide, as one of important amphiphilic reagents, were preferred as mesoporous reagents for synthesizing hierarchical or nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolites in literatures of recent years. However, the inconvenient operation caused by foam restricted its practical application. In this work, Nano-sized ZSM-5 zeolites were successfully synthesized with a modified seed-induced method by using a short-chain tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) as a crystal inhibitor. The effects of TBAF/SiO<sub>2</sub> molar ratios and SiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ratios on morphologies, textural properties, acidity and catalytic performance in MTP reaction were systematically investigated. The results confirmed that highly crystalline ZSM-5 nanocrystals with abundant mesopores were synthesized because of the amphipathy of TBAF. More interestingly, weak acidity could be tuned efficiently via varying TBAF/SiO<sub>2</sub> ratio at the similar strong acidity, while both the weak and strong acidity were changed by adjusting SiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ratio. Moreover, the prepared nano-sized ZSM-5 catalyst (Z5-167-10) showed an excellent MTP reaction performance with long catalytic lifetime (120 h) and high propylene selectivity (44.9%) benefiting from the unique mesoporous structure and acid properties, which delayed the coke formation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"32 4","pages":"1485 - 1496"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yaoning Li, Yaquan Wang, Lingzhen Bu, Xuemei Su, Xian Zhang, Juncai Sang, Guomei Ren, Muhan Wen
{"title":"Green and facile synthesis of binder-free shaped EU-1 zeolite and its application in n-hexane cracking","authors":"Yaoning Li, Yaquan Wang, Lingzhen Bu, Xuemei Su, Xian Zhang, Juncai Sang, Guomei Ren, Muhan Wen","doi":"10.1007/s10934-025-01783-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-025-01783-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The traditional hydrothermal synthesis of EU-1 zeolite is accompanied by the production of a substantial amount of mother liquor waste due to the ultrahigh water-to-silica ratio used, and requires binders during the subsequent shaping process, leading to diffusion limitation. Herein, the binder-free shaped EU-1 zeolite was prepared by a steam-assisted method, dramatically reducing the amount of mother liquor waste. In comparison with the traditional synthesis process, only 1/20 of the amount of water is used. The formation process of the binder-free shaped EU-1 zeolites was monitored with XRD, FTIR and SEM. The zeolites with different SiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ratios (SARs, SAR = 30 ~ 150) were prepared, characterized and exhibited excellent catalytic properties for the n-hexane to olefin (HTO) reaction. The results show that as the SAR increases, the crystallinity improves, enhancing the mesoporous properties and propylene selectivity of the binder-free shaped EU-1 zeolite, and achieving a maximum propylene yield of 45.1% at an SAR of approximately 150 by the HTO process. Compared with the traditional conventional hydrothermal synthesis EU-1 catalyst, the conversion and propylene yield increase by 33.1 and 23.5%, respectively. This synthesis strategy provides an effective approach for the green synthesis of EU-1 zeolite with excellent performance in the HTO.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"32 4","pages":"1471 - 1484"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Construction of hybrid 2D g-C3N4/BiVO4 photocatalyst decorated with RGO for enhancing the H2 production and photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics","authors":"Kavitha. T, Orawan Rojviroon, Ranjith Rajendran, Thammasak Rojviroon","doi":"10.1007/s10934-025-01778-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-025-01778-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The separation and migration of photo charge carriers at the heterostructure junction greatly affects the effectiveness of photocatalytic degradation activity and photo electrocatalytic hydrogen generation. In this paper, we present the effective manufacture of 2D g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/BiVO<sub>4</sub> photocatalysts decorated with RGO by a one-step microwave irradiation method. We also investigated the RGO@g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/BiVO<sub>4</sub> photocatalysts for their dual applications in photo electrocatalytic hydrogen production and antibiotics degradation (tetracycline chloride). Incorporating g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> into BVO boosts its H<sub>2</sub> production rate. Particularly, the ternary composite exhibited a H<sub>2</sub> production of about 6600 µmolg<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>, which is 10 times and 5 times better than pristine g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (660 µmolg<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>) and BVO (1220 µmolg<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>), respectively. After 50 min of irradiation, the ternary photocatalyst degraded tetracycline chloride (TC) with 92% efficiency. The reaction rate constant of 0.0982 min<sup>−1</sup> was about fifteen times greater than that of pure g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (0.0033 min<sup>−1</sup>) and BVO (0.0054 min<sup>−1</sup>). Composites of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>/RGO/BiVO<sub>4</sub>, formed by the synergistic impact of BiVO<sub>4</sub>, RGO, and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, show significant photocatalytic activity owing to their Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism. There is a focus on the advantages of a triple-composite system with two interfaces over one or more single-interface scenarios.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"32 4","pages":"1457 - 1469"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aaron L. Folkard, Victor O. Anyanwu, Holger B. Friedrich
{"title":"Developing new strategies for template-free synthesis of penta-coordinated Al3+ γ-Al2O3 with different morphologies using glycothermal modification","authors":"Aaron L. Folkard, Victor O. Anyanwu, Holger B. Friedrich","doi":"10.1007/s10934-025-01776-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-025-01776-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High surface area mesoporous γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was synthesized using a robust template-free glycothermal process. The samples were prepared using inexpensive aluminium nitrate and two different precipitating agents (aqueous ammonia and urea), forming nanorods and nanosheets, respectively. The resultant material was calcined at 600 °C for 3 and 5 h to ensure the formation of the γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> with penta-coordinated Al<sup>3+</sup>. The surface and morphology of the synthesized material were characterized using <sup>27</sup>Al MAS NMR, N<sub>2</sub>-physisorption, NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD, TEM, SEM, and powder-XRD. <sup>27</sup>Al MAS NMR confirmed the presence of varying amounts of penta-coordinate Al<sup>3+</sup> on the surface. The surface area of the synthesized material varied from 239 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> to 492 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>, depending on thermal treatment. The TEM and SEM observations highlighted the different microstructures and morphology present for the synthesized materials, with distinct 3D surfaces present for the nanorod and nanosheet samples. The described methods provide a robust, scalable synthesis for penta-coordinate Al<sup>3+</sup> γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3,</sub> which can be used in industrial applications such as catalysis, energy storage, and nanocomposites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"32 4","pages":"1443 - 1455"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10934-025-01776-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Boosting oxidative-adsorptive desulfurization of fuel oil by constructing a mesoporous coupled desulfurizer with bimetal of MoO3 and WO3","authors":"Jian Li, Yuxi Liu, Xiaozhu Zhou, Lina Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10934-025-01780-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-025-01780-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>MoO<sub>3</sub>-WO<sub>3</sub>/SBA-15 was prepared by using an SBA-15 mesoporous molecular sieve as a support to load ammonium metatungstate and ammonium molybdate, and the coupled desulfurizer was characterized via XRD, N<sub>2</sub> adsorption–desorption, SEM, TEM, FTIR, XPS, NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD, and zeta potential analysis. The oxidative-adsorptive desulfurization (OADS) performance of the coupled desulfurizer was investigated using a dodecane solution containing dibenzothiophene as the model oil. MoO<sub>3</sub>-WO<sub>3</sub>/SBA-15 exhibits outstanding performance, which stems from the strong interaction between Mo<sup>6</sup>⁺ and W<sup>6</sup>⁺. This interaction enhances the electronegativity of the coupled desulfurizer and the formation of more acid sites. Consequently, the dispersal of the coupled desulfurizer in the oil is improved, and the dispersion of active components is also facilitated, which is helpful for the adsorption of sulfides. At room temperature (25 °C), with a coupled desulfurizer amount of 2%(w), and an O/S molar ratio of 10:1, the optimal desulfurization rate achieved was 97.50%. After five cycles, the desulfurization rate remained at 80.00%, whereas the desulfurization rate after the first regeneration still reached 96.40%. The coupled desulfurizer was also applied in real diesel oil, and the desulfurization rate reached 91.90%. FTIR spectra and comparative tests indicated that the main active species in the desulfurizer were molybdenum peroxide and tungsten peroxide.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"32 4","pages":"1429 - 1441"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultra-light, flame-retardant nano-TiO2 coated silica-zirconia ceramic fiber aerogel for thermal insulation","authors":"Minhang Han, Mingyuan Hao, Zhuohang Li, Sihao Jian, Chao Ma, Yang Miao","doi":"10.1007/s10934-025-01777-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-025-01777-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In recent years, ceramic fiber aerogel have been one of the most attractive insulating materials due to its low thermal conductivity, excellent mechanical properties and heat resistance. However, the high radiation heat transfer limits its practical application at high temperatures. In this study, a novel SiO<sub>2</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub> fiber aerogel/TiO<sub>2</sub> composite (SZTFAs) was successfully designed and prepared through an air-assisted electrospinning technique in conjunction with the hydrolysis of TiCl<sub>4</sub>. The SZTFAs exhibits anatase TiO<sub>2</sub> nanocoating on the fiber surface. The SZTFAs have low density (14 mg/cm<sup>3</sup>), good mechanical properties (up to 80% compressive strain, 105.6 KPa), excellent high temperature stability (1200 °C) and fatigue resistance (after 1000 cycles, the maximum stress and Young’s modulus of the SZTFAs remain above 60%) and low thermal conductivity (0.0292 W/(m·K)). After 10 min of exposure to a butane flame, the backside temperature of the SZTFAs was 165 °C, which was approximately 40 °C lower than that of the samples without added TiO<sub>2</sub>. Due to the porous layered three-dimensional structure of SiO<sub>2</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub> fibers aerogel and TiO<sub>2</sub> nanolayer with shielding infrared radiation, the SZTFAs exhibit excellent heat resistance and thermal insulation properties. This study provides a method for developing ceramic fiber aerogels with excellent thermal insulation and mechanical properties at high temperatures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"32 4","pages":"1415 - 1427"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hierarchical porous carbon microspheres from resorcinol-formaldehyde for supercapacitor and methylene blue adsorption","authors":"Xiao Liu, Huiying Guo, Yuqi Mu, Lingyao Duan, Yunling Li, Kedong Xia","doi":"10.1007/s10934-025-01782-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-025-01782-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hierarchical porous carbon microspheres were prepared through solvothermal route with resorcinol and formaldehyde as precursors in HCl solution followed by pyrolysis at high temperature. The micropore size, graphitic carbon and surface C = O bond increase while mesopore size decreases as elevation of pyrolysis temperature. The presence of high specific surface area, micropore volume and amorphous carbon is beneficial to improve supercapacitor performance. The carbon material obtained at 1000 <sup>o</sup>C (C1000) has high specific surface area of 667.79 m<sup>2</sup>g<sup>− 1</sup> and micropore volume of 0.35 m<sup>3</sup>g<sup>− 1</sup>, which shows the specific capacitance of 122 Fg<sup>− 1</sup> at the current density of 1 Ag<sup>− 1</sup> in 6 M KOH solution and good capacitance retention of 100% after 5000 cycles at 5Ag<sup>− 1</sup>. The specific surface area and micropore volume reduce as increase of pyrolysis temperature. Besides the high specific surface area, mesopore volume and surface C = O bond, the micropore size distribution contributes significantly to the adsorption of methylene blue (MB). The carbon material synthesized at 1200 <sup>o</sup>C (C1200) exhibits the adsorption equilibrium capacity of 99.3 mgg<sup>− 1</sup> and capacity retention of 83.5% after five cycles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"32 4","pages":"1389 - 1399"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhichun Shi, Xu Jia, Liqiu Sun, Jianjun Wang, Jun Li, Dan Wang, Guohua Dong, Liying Qi, Liyan Wang, Ming Zhao
{"title":"Diphenyl phosphate hyper-cross-linked porous polymers for effective iodine capture","authors":"Zhichun Shi, Xu Jia, Liqiu Sun, Jianjun Wang, Jun Li, Dan Wang, Guohua Dong, Liying Qi, Liyan Wang, Ming Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s10934-025-01773-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-025-01773-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Effective and reversible adsorbents are one of the effective means of dealing with nuclear pollution. Herein, three diphenyl phosphates-containing hyper-cross-linked polymers (TP-HCPs) have been synthesized through Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions. These polymers exhibited remarkable characteristics, including high specific surface areas, microporous and mesoporous morphologies, as well as exceptional thermal and chemical stability. Notably, the TP-HCP-3 possesses a specific surface area of 702.33 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>− 1</sup> and exhibits a maximum iodine vapor capture capacity of 519 wt%, outperforming most other porous adsorbents. Furthermore, the removal efficiency of TP-HCP-3 for iodine from aqueous solutions reached 96.8%. The adsorption of iodine processes by TP-HCPs were predominantly chemical processes and exhibited characteristics of multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces. Additionally, the polymers exhibited remarkable recyclability, maintaining an adsorption capacity above 84% even after 5 cycles. These findings highlight the potential of TP-HCPs as efficient adsorbents for radioactive iodine waste.</p><h3>Graphic abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"32 4","pages":"1401 - 1414"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amal Siraj, Anas Aljarbou, Nasser B. Alsaleh, Amal Alfawaz, Abeer Beagan, Khalid Alotaibi, Abdullah Alswieleh
{"title":"Doxorubicin and cisplatin dual-loaded mesoporous silica nanoparticles coated with polyacrylic acid brushes to enhance anticancer activities","authors":"Amal Siraj, Anas Aljarbou, Nasser B. Alsaleh, Amal Alfawaz, Abeer Beagan, Khalid Alotaibi, Abdullah Alswieleh","doi":"10.1007/s10934-025-01781-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-025-01781-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) were synthesized via a sol–gel process and functionalized with pH-responsive polyacrylic acid (PAA) brushes through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The resulting nanoparticles, with an average diameter of approximately 100 nm as determined by SEM and TEM, exhibited pH-sensitive swelling and shrinking behavior, confirmed by DLS analysis. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) verified the successful conjugation of PAA through the appearance of characteristic carboxylate absorption bands. The MSNs were evaluated as nanocarriers for cisplatin (CP@MSNs-PAA) and as dual nanocarriers for cisplatin and doxorubicin (CP/DOX@MSNs-PAA), achieving high drug entrapment efficiencies (~ 98%). Drug release studies demonstrated near-complete release of cisplatin and optimized release of DOX (49.94%) under mildly acidic conditions (pH 6.5). Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the effective loading and release of both drugs, as evidenced by changes in elemental composition before and after release. In vitro cytotoxicity assays indicated the biocompatibility of unloaded MSNs-PAA, while CP/DOX@MSNs-PAA exhibited significantly enhanced cytotoxic effects, highlighting the synergistic therapeutic potential of the dual drug-loaded system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"32 4","pages":"1375 - 1388"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145170027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiawei Li, Bin Li, Jinming Tang, Mengjing Zhou, Aolin Wu, Zhigang Hu, Ying Wang
{"title":"Preparation of acrylamide-urea composite hydrogels based on deep eutectic solvents and their self-healing and pressure-sensitive properties","authors":"Jiawei Li, Bin Li, Jinming Tang, Mengjing Zhou, Aolin Wu, Zhigang Hu, Ying Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10934-024-01746-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-024-01746-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study utilized choline chloride (ChCl) as the hydrogen bond acceptor, while acrylamide (AM) and urea functioned as hydrogen bond donors. A P(AM-Urea) composite hydrogel was successfully synthesized using a ternary deep eutectic solvent (DES) system and in-situ polymerization. The effects of varying AM/Urea molar ratios on the swelling behavior, mechanical properties, self-healing abilities, and pressure sensitivity of the hydrogels were systematically analyzed. The results indicated that an increase in AM content significantly enhanced both the swelling capacity and mechanical strength of the hydrogels. The SP5 sample (AM/Urea molar ratio 1.5:0.5) exhibited optimal performance, achieving a tensile strength of 4.86 MPa and a compressive strength of 5.6 MPa, which were 7.5 and 4.55 times higher, respectively, than those of the SP1 sample. Self-healing experiments revealed that the SP3 hydrogel, with an AM/Urea molar ratio of 1:1, achieved a healing efficiency of 80% within 20 h. Additionally, in pressure sensitivity tests, the SP1 hydrogel with lower AM content exhibited superior piezoelectric performance, with a capacitance change rate of 59.98%, which was 3.2 times greater than that of the SP5 sample. The P(AM-Urea) composite hydrogel developed in this study exhibits exceptional swelling, mechanical strength, self-healing capabilities, and pressure-responsive characteristics, highlighting its potential applications in sensing, biomedicine, and environmental engineering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"32 4","pages":"1351 - 1363"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}