Journal of Porous Materials最新文献

{"title":"Cationic surfactant assisted post modification of microporous Hβ zeolite and its catalytic application for the sustainable synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles","authors":"Bilal Mansuri,&nbsp;Aayushi Lodhi,&nbsp;Ajay Dalai,&nbsp;Kalpana Maheria","doi":"10.1007/s10934-025-01902-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-025-01902-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conventional routes for pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole synthesis typically rely on metal nanoparticles or metal salts, which are expensive and require complex handling. In this work, pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles were synthesized via a one-pot four-component reaction (4-CR) of substituted benzaldehydes, malononitrile, phenyl hydrazine, and ethyl acetoacetate using microporous zeolites (H-Y, Hβ, H-MOR, H-ZSM-5) and mesoporous (Al-MCM-41) catalyst. Zeolite p-Hβ (H-BEA) demonstrated high catalytic efficiency, and a detailed evaluation revealed that the Si/Al ratio, acidity, surface area, and pore structure significantly influence catalytic activity. The performance of p-Hβ was further enhanced through controlled desilication in the presence of cationic surfactant, 6-bromo hexyl trimethyl ammonium bromide treatment leading to increased surface area, porosity, and improved accessibility of active sites in resultant micro-meso composite of zeolite HZβ. The HZβ catalyst has been found to exhibit superior activity, delivering up to 93% product yield under optimized solvent-free conditions (10 wt% catalyst, 100 °C, 60 min). The catalyst was successfully reused up to five cycles, and the solvent-free protocol provides an environmentally benign approach for pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole synthesis. The HZβ zeolite was further utilized for the synthesis of a series of pyrazole derivatives, including two novel derivatives, which were comprehensively characterized.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>Hierarchical zeolite β (HZβ) catalyzed synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c] pyrazoles</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":"985 - 998"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148292259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bamboo-leaf-derived SiO₂ nanoparticles for filtration and antifouling electrospun PAN membranes in oil-in-water emulsion separation","authors":"Julio Cesar Sanchez-Pech,&nbsp;Angel Adrian Bacelis-Jimenez,&nbsp;Francisco Ivan Lizama-Tzec,&nbsp;Cristian Carrera-Figueiras,&nbsp;Alejandro Avila-Ortega,&nbsp;Juan Antonio Juarez-Moreno","doi":"10.1007/s10934-026-01919-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-026-01919-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Silica nanoparticles derived from bamboo leaves (bamboo–SiO₂ nanoparticles, Bamboo-SiO₂-NPs) were synthesized via a carbothermal/acid–alkali extraction route, amine-functionalized, and covalently immobilized onto electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes to improve oil-in-water emulsion separation and antifouling performance. Surface hydrolysis of PAN introduced carboxylic groups that enabled amide bond formation with the amine-functionalized nanoparticles. The formation of surface –COOH groups was quantified by the toluidine blue O (TBO) assay, showing an increase from 0.038 ± 0.017 to 0.180 ± 0.008 µmol cm⁻² (<i>n</i> = 3). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provided evidence of covalent linkage through the appearance of an amide-related N 1s component at ~ 399.8 eV together with a carbonyl contribution in C 1s at ~ 288.6 eV. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed bead-free fibrous structures and a marked increase in average fiber diameter from 0.20 ± 0.03 μm (pristine PAN) to 0.84 ± 0.06 μm (1 wt%) and 0.98 ± 0.01 μm (5 wt%), accompanied by a reduction in SEM/ImageJ surface porosity (62.4% to 42.0%). In constant-flow syringe filtration of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS)-stabilized oil-in-water emulsions (SAE 25 W-50 synthetic blend engine oil), decorated membranes exhibited enhanced underwater oleophobicity (92.8° ± 2.1° to 117.6° ± 3.3°), increased pure-water permeability (up to ~ 2050 L m⁻² h⁻¹), and improved antifouling behavior, achieving a flux recovery ratio (FRR) of 92.5% and reducing flux decay ratio (DR) from 28% to 10%. Overall, bamboo-derived SiO₂-NPs offer a sustainable and effective modification strategy for high-flux, antifouling electrospun PAN membranes for emulsion treatment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":"967 - 983"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148292190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unique meso-microporous 3D carbon derived from glucose for CO2 and CH4 selective adsorption: kinetics and thermodynamics study","authors":"Triyanda Gunawan,&nbsp;Immanuel Nathanael Lumban Gaol,&nbsp;Silvana Dwi Nurherdiana,&nbsp;Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman","doi":"10.1007/s10934-025-01913-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-025-01913-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Porous carbon has garnered significant attention for CO₂ adsorption, primarily because of its customizable pore structure. In this study, a unique meso-microporous 3D carbon was successfully synthesized using a hard template method to obtain zeolite templated carbon for CO₂ adsorption. ZTC was synthesized with glucose as a precursor, resulting in a high surface area of 924 m².g^− 1, CO₂ uptake of 14.99 wt%, and CO₂/CH₄ ideal selectivity of 5.76, increasing to + 92.63% from pristine zeolite-Y, at 1 bar and 303 K. Furthermore, kinetic adsorption confirmed that ZTC is primarily governed by physisorption. Thermodynamic studies have indicated that gas adsorption on ZTC is an exothermic and spontaneous process. This also confirmed that ZTC meso-micropores are more favorable for CO₂ adsorption than for CH₄. These excellent CO₂ capture and CO₂/CH₄ selective adsorption properties can be attributed to high microporosity and narrow micropore diameter of the material. Collectively, these results demonstrate that ZTC holds great promise for efficient carbon dioxide capture from biogas.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":"925 - 939"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148292257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A porous polyaniline-chitosan nanocomposite for efficient adsorption and detection of the pesticide Sumithion from water","authors":"Abdelhamid A. Sakr,&nbsp;Amira S. Hassan,&nbsp;Atef M. K. Nassar,&nbsp;Saeid M. Elkatlawy","doi":"10.1007/s10934-026-01918-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-026-01918-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The environmental persistence of organophosphate pesticides necessitates the development of multifunctional materials capable of simultaneous remediation and monitoring. This study introduces a bifunctional polyaniline-chitosan (PANI-Ch) nanocomposite, synthesized via in-situ oxidative polymerization, designed for the high-capacity adsorption and quantitative optical detection of the pesticide Sumithion. The PANI-Ch platform exhibited an exceptional adsorption capacity of 124.7 mg/g, following a Langmuir-type monolayer process. Thermodynamic and spectroscopic analyses revealed a physisorption mechanism dominated by π–π stacking and hydrogen bonding, supported by a mean free energy (E) of 0.027 kJ/mol. Beyond remediation, the nanocomposite functions as a robust sensing tool; Sumithion adsorption induces precise, concentration-dependent FTIR spectral shifts in the O–H/N–H and C = C stretching regions. These optical changes allow for trace-level quantification with a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 0.5 ppb. By integrating high efficiency scavenging with built-in analytical signaling, this nanocomposite provides a versatile and advanced platform for integrated water treatment and real-time environmental monitoring.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":"941 - 952"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10934-026-01918-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148292256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zr-modified SBA-15 as an electronic support to modulate activity and selectivity of NiW catalysts in dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization","authors":"J. A. Medina Cervantes,&nbsp;M. C. Maciel Arreola,&nbsp;M. A. Guzmán-Cruz,&nbsp;J. C. Pantoja-Espinoza,&nbsp;G. Alonso-Núñez","doi":"10.1007/s10934-026-01920-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-026-01920-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, Zr-modified SBA-15 materials were synthesized and used as support for NiW catalysts in the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT). Systematic variation of Zr content (3–20 wt%) allowed for correlation of structural, electronic, and acidic properties with catalytic performance. Incorporation of Zr increased Lewi acidity and altered the electronic environment of the NiW active phase (UV-Vis, Py-FTIR), improving metal dispersion and HDS activity; the catalyst with five wt% Zr displayed the highest initial reaction rate (2.83 × 10^− 7 mol_DBT·g_cat^-1·s^-1). Although direct desulfurization (DDS) remains the prevailing pathway (HYD/DDS &lt; 1 for all samples), moderate Zr addition significantly increases the hydrogenation contribution (the HYD fraction raises from 0.17 to 0.28), indicating that Zr tunes the HYD/DDS balance via electronic and acidic modulation of the support. These results reveal a practical strategy for tuning the activity and selectivity of NiW catalysts by engineering metal-support interactions.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><p>The graphical abstract is a schematic representation intended to illustrate qualitative trends rather than an exact atomic-scale structure.</p><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"33 3","pages":"953 - 966"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10934-026-01920-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148292261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanopore architectures in anodic aluminum oxide: effects of anodization voltage and time on planar and non-planar aluminum substrates","authors":"Mawar Hasyikin Abu Seman,&nbsp;Nor Izzati Gati,&nbsp;Abdul Hadi Mahmud,&nbsp;Zadariana Jamil,&nbsp;Nafisah Osman,&nbsp;Kim-Fatt Low,&nbsp;Chung-Jen Tseng,&nbsp;Abdul Mutalib Md Jani","doi":"10.1007/s10934-026-01921-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-026-01921-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This research investigates the effects of anodization voltage and duration on the nanopore architecture of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) formed on various aluminum (Al) substrates, encompassing both planar and non-planar geometries. Following a two-step anodization process, planar Al substrates developed a porous layer confined to the flat surface. In contrast, Al wire, owing to their curved geometry, experienced an enhanced local electric field, resulting in thicker oxide layers distributed around the circumference. The most pronounced effect was observed in hollow Al tubes, where nanoporous layers formed simultaneously on both the inner and outer surfaces. This dual-surface anodization significantly increased the effective surface area and produced the thickest oxide layers among all substrates studied. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy was employed to characterize the AAO morphology. The results revealed a direct correlation between the applied voltage and AAO pore diameter, with pore sizes increasing from 30.0 to 150.0 nm for planar substrates and from 30.0 to 220.0 nm for non-planar substrates as the voltage increased from 40 V to 100 V. The AAO thickness ranged from 12.7 to 47.0 μm for planar substrates and from 14.0 to 60.0 μm for non-planar substrates. Additionally, the surface geometry of the Al substrates influenced the distribution of AAO pore diameters. The dual-layer AAO on Al tubes exhibited larger pores and greater interpore distances, which are attributed to differences in oxide growth direction and electrochemical field distribution. These findings provide valuable insights for the design and engineering of non-planar AAO materials for a wide range of applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"33 2","pages":"907 - 924"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10934-026-01921-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147743701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Cr/SBA-15 catalysts for CO₂-Assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to propylene","authors":"Armin Moniri,&nbsp;Sandeep Badoga,&nbsp;Mohamed Ali,&nbsp;Jinwen Chen,&nbsp;Mohsen Shakouri","doi":"10.1007/s10934-025-01886-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-025-01886-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Cr/SBA-15 catalysts were optimized for CO₂-assisted oxidative dehydrogenation of propane (ODH-CO₂) using a Taguchi L9(3³) design spanning temperature (550–650 °C), Cr loading (5–10 wt %), and W/F (0.010–0.020 g min mL⁻¹). Signal-to-noise analysis and ANOVA ranked factor importance as temperature ≫ W/F &gt; Cr loading. The confirmation run at 600 °C, 7 wt % Cr, and W/F = 0.015 achieved 37.1% propane conversion with 84.0% propylene selectivity. Characterization linked this window to an intermediate loading that preserved SBA-15 mesostructural order and maximized redox-accessible chromate species. XANES linear-combination fitting showed that the 7 wt % catalyst retained a higher Cr⁶⁺ fraction in both fresh and spent states than the 5 or 10 wt % analogues, while H₂-TPR revealed the largest reducible population at 7 wt %. The catalytic and spectroscopic evidence supports a Mars–van Krevelen mechanism operating on dispersed Cr⁶⁺=O sites, with CO₂ re-oxidizing reduced Cr to sustain selective ODH. At higher temperatures and/or loadings, increased reduction and aggregation shifted products toward cracking and deep oxidation. Integration of DOE with spectroscopy thus identified an intermediate Cr loading/contact-time regime on SBA-15 that optimized redox selectivity and enhanced process-relevant performance in CO₂-assisted ODH of propane.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"33 2","pages":"885 - 906"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147743696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Ag-Bi₂O₃/WO₃ nanocomposites with porous morphology for photocatalytic enhancement","authors":"Yuan-Chang Liang,&nbsp;Shang-Hao Chen,&nbsp;Kun-Hsien Chang","doi":"10.1007/s10934-026-01917-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-026-01917-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We successfully synthesized Ag-Bi₂O₃/WO₃ composites with a porous sheet morphology using chemical bath deposition and sputtering methods. Structural and compositional analyses indicate that varying the sputtering time of silver (Ag) nanoparticles results in their successful decoration onto the Bi₂O₃/WO₃ composites. The Ag-Bi₂O₃/WO₃ composites demonstrated superior electrical and photocatalytic properties compared to both the Bi₂O₃/WO₃ composite and the WO₃ underlayer film. This can be attributed to the Schottky barrier and photo-induced S-scheme charge transfer mechanism in the Ag-Bi₂O₃/WO₃ composites. The bending of the energy bands at the Bi₂O₃/WO₃ composites interface makes Bi₂O₃/WO₃ composites a S-scheme charge transfer mechanism under irradiation. This successfully and effectively retains photo-generated carriers with a strong redox ability for photodegradation towards organic dye. Furthermore, Ag nanoparticles promote the visible light absorption ability and transfer of photo-generated electrons in the Ag-Bi₂O₃/WO₃ composite system, further improving the photoactive performance. The current research provides the design of metal particle-decorated porous composites for photocatalytic applications.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"33 2","pages":"869 - 883"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147743699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palladium nanoparticles supported on exfoliated g-C3N4 as efficient catalysts for one-pot synthesis of 5-substituted 1 H-tetrazoles","authors":"Nafis Ahmad,&nbsp;Rima Heider Al Omari,&nbsp;G. PadmaPriya,&nbsp;Baraa Mohammed Yaseen,&nbsp;Y. Sasikumar,&nbsp;Renu Sharma,&nbsp;Abhayveer Singh,&nbsp;Rasul Usmanov,&nbsp;Khushnud Azizjanov","doi":"10.1007/s10934-025-01904-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-025-01904-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study successfully anchored palladium onto the surface of organically modified g-C₃N₄ using a simple and cost-efficient method. The resulting nanocatalyst demonstrated durability and high efficiency as a nano-reactor for synthesizing tetrazole derivatives. Comprehensive characterization of this eco-friendly heterogeneous catalyst was performed using various techniques, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermal gravimetric analysis, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption. Notable advantages of this methodology include the use of a green medium, straightforward separation and workup procedures, excellent reusability of the nanocatalyst, and shorter reaction times.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"33 2","pages":"859 - 868"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147743705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocarbon-supported CeO₂/co₃O₄ hybrid counter electrode for enhanced DSSC efficiency","authors":"P. Periyannan,&nbsp;B. Neelakandaprasad,&nbsp;A. Mohamed Musthafa,&nbsp;S. Masilamani","doi":"10.1007/s10934-025-01909-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10934-025-01909-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are a promising new type of ecologically friendly solar panel, but their widespread application has been dragged down by the high cost and restricted supply of the platinum (Pt) needed as a counter electrode. To get around this problem, a new hybrid counter electrode made of biocarbon and cerium oxide/cobalt oxide (BC@CeO₂/Co₃O₄) was made utilizing a simple hydrothermal technique. This combined arrangement used thin biocarbon nanosheets to cover evenly spaced cubic CeO₂ and Co₃O₄ nanoparticles, which made a tightly packed and interrelated nanostructured assembly. Using XRD, FTIR, FESEM, and TEM to look into the structure and form showed that CeO₂ and Co₃O₄ crystalline phases may exist together without any noticeable lattice distortion. XPS spectra showed mixed oxidation states of Ce³⁺/Ce⁴⁺ and Co³⁺/Co³⁺, which has implications for speeding up redox reactions at the electrode-electrolyte junction. The BET surface area analysis showed that the BC@CeO₂/ Co₃O₄ composite was much better than the CeO₂/ Co₃O₄ composite, with a value of 112.5 m² g^− 1. Because the material’s average pore diameter was about 3.5 nm, there were many places where ions could move and electrolytes could diffuse. Different electrochemical tests, like CV, Tafel, and EIS, have shown that BC@CeO₂/ Co₃O₄ has a good charge-transfer efficiency. This is obvious from the low charge-transfer resistance (Rct = 1.95 Ω), low series resistance (Rs = 0.52 Ω), and high double-layer capacitance (Cdl = 36.7 mF cm^− 2). The readings for the CeO₂/ Co₃O₄ electrode (Cdl = 12.5 mF cm^− 2) are much lower. The DSSC with the BC@CeO₂/ Co₃O₄ counter electrode has a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.5%, which is higher than the CeO₂/Co₃O₄ (5.6%) and the conventional Pt-based device (6.7%). The BC@CeO₂/ Co₃O₄ electrode improves redox kinetics, speeds up the flow of electrons, and makes charge transfer more efficient at the interfacial boundary. This leads to excellent photovoltaic efficiency and long-term stability. So, the BC@CeO₂/ Co₃O₄ hybrid material is a great, cheap, and long-lasting replacement for Pt in next-generation DSSC applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":660,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Porous Materials","volume":"33 2","pages":"845 - 858"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147743670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}