Journal of Nanoparticle Research最新文献

{"title":"Novel insights into possible ZnO nanoparticle-induced changes in key metabolic enzymes in HeLa cervical cancer cell line","authors":"Rahil Fallahi,&nbsp;Zahra Shafaghat,&nbsp;Sara Minaeian,&nbsp;Mohammad Taghi Goodarzi,&nbsp;Mona Roozbehani,&nbsp;Fatemeh Faraji","doi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06410-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-025-06410-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nanoparticles, especially zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles with specific toxicity to cancer cells, have attracted much attention in cancer therapy. The nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and sirtuins (1, 2, and 7) as key metabolic enzymes are overexpressed in cervical cancer. This study investigates the effect of ZnO nanoparticles on the expression of NAMPT and sirtuin 1, 2, and 7 genes in the cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). ZnO nanoparticles were purchased and then examined for size, shape, and morphology by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-spectroscopy. The potential cytotoxicity of ZnO nanoparticles was investigated using the MTT assay, and the expression of NAMPT, SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT7 genes was analyzed using the qRT-PCR technique. ZnO nanoparticles with a size of about 60 nm had spherical morphology and a smooth surface and showed a sharp absorption band at 367 nm. Treatment with ZnO nanoparticles exhibited dose-dependent toxicity on HeLa cells. ZnO nanoparticles did not show a significant effect on NAMPT gene expression. A significant increase in the expression of SIRT1 and SIRT7 genes was observed in the treated groups compared to the untreated group. In contrast, SIRT2 gene expression showed a significant decrease in treated groups compared to the untreated group. Treatment with ZnO nanoparticles led to changes in the gene expression of sirtuins (1, 2, and 7), thus possibly influencing the propagation of cervical cancer. However, more extensive research is needed to investigate the relationship between these findings and reveal the underlying mechanisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesoporous Au nanowire for surface enhanced Raman scattering application","authors":"Debadarshini Samantaray,&nbsp;Priyadarshini Ghosh,&nbsp;Anupam Mishra","doi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06427-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-025-06427-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Porous monometallic/multi-metallic nanowires are widely exploited for catalytic application due to their enhanced surface area. However, engineering mesoporous 1D plasmonic nanostructure still remains challenging due to poor morphology control. Here in we have come up a with simple wet chemical method to obtain mesoporous Au nanowire (MPG) structure, using Te nanowire as sacrificial template. This method provides a phase pure mesoporous nanowire sample with uniform and stable morphology. Raman spectroscopy is carried out using Rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye to study surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) behavior of mesoporous Au nanowire substrate. A significant improvement in the SERS signal is observed compared to bare R6G, which can be attributed to the increased density of hot spots in the mesoporous nanowire. This facile, wet chemical synthesis strategy can be generalized to other noble metal-based plasmonic nanowires which can be explored for various applications including catalysis, sensors, nanodevices and for targeted drug delivery.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><p>Schematic showing synthesis mechanism of MPG nanowires.</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specific ion effects of goethite promoting montmorillonite colloids aggregation","authors":"Longhui Zhu,&nbsp;Ju Long,&nbsp;Hua Qiao,&nbsp;Hanyi Liu,&nbsp;Hang Li","doi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06425-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-025-06425-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Specific ion effects have been proven to play an important role in the aggregation process of soil or clay mineral colloids. Previous studies indicated that goethite promoted the aggregation of montmorillonite colloids through electrostatic attraction; however, the underlying mechanism of specific ion effects remains unclear. This study investigated the hydrodynamic diameter of montmorillonite colloids that changed with the content of goethite. Moreover, at a certain content of goethite, the aggregation kinetics of the mixture of montmorillonite and goethite (MG) colloids were studied under NaNO₃ and KNO₃ solutions. Total average aggregation (TAA) rate, critical coagulation concentration (CCC), and activation energy were employed to compare specific ion effects between K⁺ and Na⁺. The result revealed that (i) Electrostatic repulsive force between colloidal particles governed montmorillonite aggregation, with hydrodynamic diameter reaching a maximum at a goethite relative content of 0.78, and (ii) the TAA rate was higher in K⁺ solutions than in Na⁺ solutions, while CCC values and activation energies followed the order of Na⁺ &gt; K⁺. Based on zeta potential measurements and differences in activation energy between K⁺-systems and Na⁺-systems, we proposed that non-classical polarization of monovalent cations might explain the specific ion effects. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis demonstrated that goethite acted as a bridging agent to enhance montmorillonite coagulation. This study provides mechanistic insights into iron oxide-mediated clay mineral aggregation.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional CuO/NiO nanocomposites: A study of structural, spectroscopic, antibacterial and antioxidant properties","authors":"Nensi Bhimani,&nbsp;Urjitsinh Rathod,&nbsp;Ashish Ravalia,&nbsp;M. J. Kaneria,&nbsp;K. D. Rakholiya,&nbsp;Ankit Faldu,&nbsp;Sooraj K. P,&nbsp;Mukesh Ranjan,&nbsp;Savan Katba","doi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06433-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-025-06433-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nanomaterials have emerged as a key area of research because they exhibit unique properties and potential applications in several fields such as catalysis, energy storage, biomedical and environmental remediation, etc. Recently, there has been significant interest in nanomaterials due to their superior antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria compared to conventional antibiotics. In this context, the present study aims to synthesize composite nanomaterials of CuO and NiO using the co-precipitation technique and investigate their structure, microstructure, antibacterial, and antioxidant efficacy, thereby exploring their potential practical applications. Structural studies carried out using X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy show the cubic structure of NiO, the monoclinic structure of CuO, and the mixed structure of CuO/NiO composite nanomaterials. A microstructural study reveals the spherical shape of the nanomaterials, with the particle size in the range of 50–70 nm. The agar well diffusion method was utilized to investigate the antibacterial activity of nanomaterials against three Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Corynebacterium rubrum) and three Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Composite nanoparticles exhibit better antibacterial activity against microorganisms than the traditional antibiotic, tetracycline. However, NC25 nanoparticles show greater antibacterial effects against S. aureus and S. typhimurium among all the tested nanomaterials. All the composite nanomaterials exhibit greater antioxidant activity when compared to the NiO and CuO nanoparticles. NC25 and NC50 exhibit the maximum scavenging activity for ABTS and DPPH, respectively. Our findings indicate that CuO/NiO composite nanoparticles could be very useful for environmental and medical applications like antimicrobial coatings, materials for healing wounds, and antioxidant additives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144918362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrication of silica (SiO2) nanocrystals using sol–gel method with enhanced antimicrobial and photocatalytic activity","authors":"S. Venkateshwari,&nbsp;S. Sandhiya,&nbsp;R. Mithra","doi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06404-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-025-06404-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sodium silicate (Na₂SiO₃) and acetic acid (CH₃COOH) were used as catalysts in a one-phase, practical, economical, and rapid sol–gel process to produce silica (SiO₂) nanocrystals. The influence of the irradiation temperature using a microwave oven and the characteristics of the synthesized SiO₂ nanocrystals were examined to know its parameters and boundaries. The motivating factor for the investigation is to obtain a SiO₂ in crystalline nature which is nanoscale dimension. X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transmission InfraRed (FTIR), UV–Visible spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy- Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (SEM–EDX), and ThermoGravimetric Analysis—Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TG-DSC) were used in the characterization technique, and its potential for performing as antibiotic enhancers are also examined and explored. Furthermore, the photocatalytic activities of the synthesized nanocrystal was investigated as photocatalyst against methylene blue (MB) dye under UV irradiation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ag plasmonic nanoparticles and oxygen vacancies co-modified TiO2 nanoflowers for enhanced solar-driven photocatalytic water purification","authors":"Xiqiang Mao,&nbsp;Jun Li,&nbsp;Lei Wu,&nbsp;Sujing Zou,&nbsp;Xue Lu,&nbsp;Shaoyi Li,&nbsp;Jian Yang,&nbsp;Ximei Fan","doi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06418-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-025-06418-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The water pollution caused by industrial wastewater is becoming increasingly serious, and efficient and sustainable remediation strategies need to be developed. This study improved the photocatalytic performance of TiO₂ through defect engineering and precious metal modification. Oxygen vacancies were introduced into TiO₂ nanoflowers through NaBH₄ reduction, leading to a decrease in the band gap of TiO₂ from 3.02 to 2.88 eV, thereby broadening its light absorption range. Additionally, the introduced oxygen vacancy defect states suppressed the recombination of electrons and holes. Subsequently, Ag nanoparticles were photo-deposited on the surface, synthesizing Ag/TiO_2-x nanoflowers. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of the Ag nanoparticles significantly enhanced the material’s visible-light absorption performance. Overall, due to the synergistic effect of oxygen vacancies and Ag nanoparticles, the photocatalytic degradation performance of Ag/TiO_2-x nanoflowers in degrading RhB under simulated sunlight has been significantly enhanced compared to that of pure TiO₂ nanoflowers. The degradation rate of Rhodamine B (RhB) by optimized 1%-Ag/TiO_2-x under simulated sunlight reached 84.7%, with a rate constant (<i>k</i> = 0.0287 min⁻¹) 4.1 times higher than that of pristine TiO₂. The possible mechanism for this enhancement in the photocatalytic activity of the Ag/TiO_2-x is explained.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144905191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional hydroxyapatite-carbon dot nanocomposites grafted with polyglycerol: synthesis, characterization, and application in self-targeted cell imaging and drug delivery","authors":"Peijian Yang,&nbsp;Jie Wang,&nbsp;Haiyun Zhai,&nbsp;Xiulan Cai","doi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06414-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-025-06414-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this project, a novel ultrasound-mediated synthesis route was firstly developed to prepare carbon dots (CDs) decorated hydroxyapatite (HAp) targeted fluorescent nanocomposites (HAp-CDs) under low concentration of folic acid. Folic acid not only served as carbon source to form fluorescent CDs but also as targeted molecules to specifically recognize HeLa human cervical cancer cells. Furthermore, the HAp surface of HAp-CDs nanocomposites was successfully grafted with hyperbranched polyglycerol (HAp-CDs-PG) through surface-initiated ring-opening polymerization of glycidol. The grafted PG layer not only tremendously enhanced the aqueous dispersibility and stability of HAp-CDs nanocomposites, but also effectively inhibited non-specific cellular uptake of HAp-CDs-PG. Finally, the folate residues on HAp-CDs-PG achieved targeted uptake by recognizing folate receptors on Hela cells, while HAp-CDs-PG was mainly located in the cytosol of HeLa cells after being uptaken. Due to its good biocompatibility as determined by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), HAp-CDs-PG was used to load anticancer drug doxorubicin (Dox) and efficiently delivered into targeted cells by folate receptor-mediated endocytosis, leading to an enhanced therapeutic efficacy of Dox. Thus, the HAp-CDs-PG nanocomposites could potentially be used for simultaneous cancer-targeted drug delivery and self-targeted cell imaging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144905152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of photocatalytic activity of SnO2 nanoparticles co-doped by Ag and Cu for high degradation of azo dye","authors":"Nhu Thi Thu Vo,&nbsp;Van-Thuc Nguyen","doi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06417-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-025-06417-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Semiconductor photocatalysis is an effective method for degrading toxic organic substances. Therefore, in this study, Ag and Cu co-doped SnO₂ nanoparticles (Ag–Cu/SnO₂ NPs) were synthesized via the coprecipitation method to degrade the azo dye Congo Red (CR). The crystal structure, optical properties, and surface morphology of the prepared materials were thoroughly analyzed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV–vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectrophotometer (UV–vis DRS), Scanning Electron icroscopy (SEM) couple with Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) and Hight-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM). Ag–Cu/SnO₂ NPs had smaller particle sizes than pure SnO₂ NPs. Additionally, their absorption spectrum shifted to the visible light region in the UV–vis spectrum, with a band gap energy smaller than that of pure SnO₂. All Ag–Cu/SnO₂ samples exhibited significantly higher photocatalytic activity in degrading Congo Red dye compared to pure SnO₂ under visible light. Photodegradation of Congo Red by SnO₂ and Ag–Cu/SnO₂ follow pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The 1Ag1.5Cu/SnO₂ sample, containing 1.0% Ag and 1.5% Cu (w/w), achieved the highest Congo Red degradation efficiency with a rate of 0.0801 min⁻¹. The effects of photocatalyst dose, initial dye concentration, and solution pH on Congo Red dye degradation by 1Ag1.5Cu/SnO₂ NPs were thoroughly investigated. Furthermore, the 1Ag1.5Cu/SnO₂ catalyst exhibited excellent reusability, maintaining approximately 88.56% of its initial photocatalytic activity after five cycles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving ferromagnetism in single-crystalline bismuth ferrite nanoparticles through jet milling","authors":"Thirugnanam Aarthy,&nbsp;Abhishek Shukla,&nbsp;Adhila TK,&nbsp;Rajasekar Parasuraman,&nbsp;Prabhu Delhi Babu,&nbsp;Raghavan Gopalan,&nbsp;Elangovan Hemaprabha","doi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06413-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-025-06413-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bismuth ferrite, a multiferroic material known for its associated ferroelectric and antiferromagnetic properties, holds significant potential for advanced applications in memory devices, sensors, and electrocatalysts. However, achieving a simultaneous increase in both magnetization and coercivity while preserving the material’s single-crystallinity has been a considerable challenge, especially in phase-pure bismuth ferrite. In this work, we synthesized phase-pure BiFeO₃ nanoparticles using the sol–gel method and subjected them to jet milling at varying pressures. Detailed electron microscopy studies demonstrate that the jet milling process maintains the single-crystalline nature of BiFeO₃ while significantly reducing the particle size. The jet-milled samples exhibited up to a 10 increase in magnetization (~ 10 emu/g) and a 30 times improvement in coercivity (&gt; 1000 Oe) compared to the as-synthesized samples. This enhancement is attributed to the disruption of the cycloidal spin structure due to the reduced crystallite size and reduced agglomeration of the particles. This work presents jet milling as an effective technique for enhancing the magnetic performance of BiFeO₃, with potential applications in multiferroic devices and other advanced technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From observation to expectation: A bayesian approach to evaluating engineering control effectiveness for nanomaterial exposure","authors":"Sriram Prasath,&nbsp;Kavitha Palaniappan,&nbsp;Sally Chan","doi":"10.1007/s11051-025-06426-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11051-025-06426-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study evaluates engineering control effectiveness for nanomaterials across diverse workplaces using a Bayesian framework that bridges theoretical performance and real-world protection. We assessed seven workplaces spanning laboratory, manufacturing, spray application, and disposal operations, measuring titanium dioxide and respirable dust at all sites, with particle number concentration monitoring at four locations. Our analysis employed three metrics: observed efficiency (E_obs), stability-adjusted efficiency (η_adj), and Bayesian-adjusted efficiency (η_Bayes), which integrates Exposure Control Efficacy Library (ECEL) benchmarks with field measurements. Results revealed substantial performance variation across settings. Laboratory environments showed moderate efficiencies (E_obs: 0.249–0.806). Manufacturing operations achieved high Bayesian values (η_Bayes: 0.750–0.986) yet fell below ECEL benchmarks. Spray applications demonstrated the widest performance range, with observed efficiencies (E_obs: 0.292–0.911) significantly exceeding stability-adjusted values (η_adj: 0.038–0.156). Our findings indicate control effectiveness depends on implementation quality, temporal stability, and process dynamics beyond control type. The stability factor proved critical in dynamic environments, where high initial efficiencies masked poor consistency (e.g., spray applications with E_obs ~ 0.91 undermined by S &lt; 0.20). The ECEL-based Bayesian approach enables contextual performance assessment, revealing that similar efficiency values may satisfy expectations in one setting but not another. Future strategies should prioritize robust containment systems effective during transitional operations while implementing activity-specific protocols addressing both peak exposures and temporal variability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":653,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nanoparticle Research","volume":"27 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11051-025-06426-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}