Analytical Methods最新文献

{"title":"3D-printed miniaturized sensors integrated with hydrogels for semisolid-state electroanalysis.","authors":"Wallace Burger Veríssimo de Oliveira, Matheus Comastri de Oliveira Leite, Gabriela Couto da Silva, Patrick de Souza de Carvalho, Elysander Bernardo Munck, Bruno Henrique Vilsinski, Thalles Pedrosa Lisboa, Maria Auxiliadora Costa Matos, Renato Camargo Matos","doi":"10.1039/d6ay01004k","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6ay01004k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The transition toward decentralized environmental monitoring demands the development of integrated, portable platforms capable of combining sampling, pre-concentration, and electrochemical detection into a single device. This study introduces a proof of concept for a novel semisolid-state electrochemical platform driven by low-cost poly(sodium acrylate) hydrogels integrated with unmodified 3D-printed miniaturized sensors. The devices were fabricated <i>via</i> 3D pen technology using conductive polylactic acid/graphite filaments and extensively characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Considering the advantage of the hydrogel's swelling dynamics, the proposed approach facilitates direct analyte uptake and provides a stable, highly controlled environment for the electrochemical process, significantly simplifying sample handling. To demonstrate the analytical feasibility of this semisolid system, sulfanilamide was selected as a representative model of veterinary antibiotic residues. Under optimized square wave voltammetry conditions (15 Hz frequency, 8 mV step potential, and 55 mV amplitude in 0.1 mol L^-1 BR buffer, pH 10.0), the platform delivered a linear response from 10 to 50 µmol L^-1 and a limit of detection of 5.55 µmol L^-1. The architecture's robustness was validated through successful recovery trials (99% to 108%) in complex aquaculture water and pharmaceutical formulations. This hydrogel-based, 3D-printed platform establishes a baseline for a simple and low-cost alternative sampling strategy, representing a significant development in field-deployable tools for smart environmental monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" ","pages":"8650-8659"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148823619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fast antibiotic susceptibility test-integrated microfluidic chips for detection of carbapenem/colistin-resistant bacteria using smartphone-based analysis.","authors":"Cagla Celik Yoldas, Nilay Ildiz, Pinar Sagiroglu, Mustafa Altay Atalay, Naim Yagiz Demir, Memed Duman, Barbaros Cetin, Ender Yildirim, Gulten Can Sezgin, Yusuf Kenan Genc, Erhan Yoldas, Ismail Ocsoy","doi":"10.1039/d6ay00313c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ay00313c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although many phenotypic methods have been developed for the detection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, this emerging field still requires more rapid, practical, and economic approaches. Herein, we report a colorimetric phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility test integrated into a microfluidic chip (mc-AST) for the detection of carbapenem (Car)- and colistin (Col)-resistant bacteria. A key component of the mc-AST is anthocyanin, a natural pH indicator that changes color based on the pH of the reaction environment. The mc-AST contains corresponding antibiotics to suppress the growth of susceptible bacteria. The color changes in the mc-AST can be detected by the naked eye and through image processing using a smartphone. The novelty of this study lies in the first ever integration of an anthocyanin-based antibiotic susceptibility test into a microfluidic chip. This integration provides a resistance profile for multiple doses of antibiotics on a single chip. Ultimately, the mc-AST reduces the workload and delivers results within 2 hours.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A hydrogel microsphere-based catalytic hairpin assembly for simple miRNA detection.","authors":"Na Liu, Chun-Guang Yang, Zhang-Run Xu","doi":"10.1039/d6ay01378c","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6ay01378c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-protein-coding single-stranded RNAs that play a pivotal role in gene regulation and hold great biomarker potential for cancer diagnosis. However, the detection of miRNAs in blood samples still faces challenges due to their short chain length, low abundance, high sequence homology, severe matrix interference, and susceptibility to degradation. Although the RT-qPCR method is sensitive, it is optimized for long-stranded RNA amplification and requires reverse transcription and temperature cycling, which increases the complexity of detection. Enzyme-based isothermal amplification techniques such as RCA eliminate the need for reverse transcription and temperature cycling, but they rely on expensive enzymes and require strict maintenance of enzyme activity during operation, which limits their practical applications. Catalytic hairpin assembly is a sensitive enzyme-free isothermal amplification strategy with low cost and simple operation, yet the background interference is unavoidable for homogeneous environments and the non-specific adsorption of proteins in blood samples is also a practical problem that CHA must face. This paper reports a hydrogel microsphere-based CHA method that integrates CHA signal amplification with the solid-phase carrier of hydrogel microspheres for the detection of miRNAs in blood samples. As the solid-phase carrier for CHA, hydrogel microspheres allow free entry of target miRNAs while effectively blocking large biomolecules such as proteins in the matrix (block rate of 64% for BSA). The target-triggered CHA reactions occur exclusively within the microspheres, resulting in the concentration of target molecules and their effective separation from the sample matrix. In addition, natural dehydration of microspheres after CHA reduces the volume of microspheres to one-eighth of its original size, which can further enhance the signal intensity. Microfluidic droplets serve as templates for microsphere fabrication, ensuring excellent uniformity of the hydrogel microspheres (RSD of the diameter is less than 2%.). Under optimized conditions, this method achieves a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 200 pmol L^-1 for miRNA-21. Notably, this represents a 3-fold LOD enhancement that is uniquely enabled by the dehydration treatment, in addition to the inherent signal amplification effect of the CHA reaction. The assay also exhibits a wide linear detection range spanning from 500 pmol L^-1 to 100 nmol L^-1, and retains excellent single-base mismatch discrimination capability. The recovery rates of miRNA-21 in human serum samples range from 99.5% to 104%. This proof-of-concept method exhibits favorable application potential for the detection of miRNA biomarkers in complex biological samples with a simple, low-cost, enzyme-free mode.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" ","pages":"8706-8719"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microsampling of proteins from biological matrices: sampling methods and devices, typical workflows, clinical examples, novel applications and innovations.","authors":"Trine Grønhaug Halvorsen, Christina Johannsen, Léon Reubsaet","doi":"10.1039/d6ay00944a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6ay00944a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In bioanalysis microsampling has evolved as a promising alternative to conventional blood sampling. This is also true for mass spectrometry-based protein analysis. Developments in sampling technology and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry the last 10-15 years have expanded the field from dried blood spots sampled on paper for newborn screening to a variety of sampling devices, and applications spanning from monitoring of low abundance biomarkers through therapeutic drug monitoring of biopharmaceuticals to anti-doping analysis and multi-omics. This review gives an overview of the resent progress (2021-2026) in liquid chromatography mass spectrometry-based protein analysis from dried microsamples. We start with comparing dried microsampling to conventional blood sampling. Then we describe the different dried microsampling devices and developments, and highlights applications from different biological matrices. The typical analytical protein workflow is covered with examples from recent literature. All steps from sample extraction, through bottom-up and top-down workflows to targeted and non-targeted analysis are described together with standardization methods and automation. A few recent clinical examples and novel applications are discussed in more detail. These cover therapeutic monoclonal antibody monitoring, multiplex biomarker determination, proteome profiling and multi-omics. We also present two recent innovations: dried blood immunoassay developed for field sampling, and smart sampling where the sample preparation steps proteolysis and immunoaffinity are integrated in the sampling. In the end we discuss the technology readiness and remaining barriers to clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" ","pages":"8499-8517"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148944000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation and computational modeling of interstitial fluid extraction processes in hollow microneedle arrays.","authors":"Yi Yang, Yaowen Fan, Jinjin Zhao, Kuo Yang","doi":"10.1039/d6ay01410k","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6ay01410k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microneedle patches for interstitial fluid (ISF) extraction have significant potential in minimally invasive diagnostics, but the underlying dynamics of fluid transport remain insufficiently understood. This study presents a hierarchical computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model to systematically investigate the fluid transport dynamics within a hollow microneedle array during the ISF extraction process. The research focuses on the contributions of geometric parameters, such as lumen diameter and array spacing, to the extraction rate per unit area, comparing the fluid dynamics behaviors across 2D simplified structures, 3D single-needle structures, and periodic array structures. Experimental validation was performed using 3D-printed hollow microneedles in an agarose gel model. This research may advance the theoretical understanding and practical application of hollow microneedles in fluid extraction.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" ","pages":"8750-8757"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ProDEP: a programmable CMOS dielectrophoresis platform for standardized cell manipulation and effective DEP phenotyping.","authors":"Yu-Chen Hung, Men-Yee Chiew, Lin-Hung Lai, Wen-Yue Lin, Fang-Chen Lo, Yu-Hsiang Wang, Dun-You Lee, Yu-Chen Chang, Bang-Yuan Xiao, Shao-Hua Lian, Yi-Wei Lin, Sian-Sin Syu, Chung-Shuo Lee, Dong-Hong Tsai, Huai-En Lu, Chen-Yi Lee","doi":"10.1039/d6ay01108j","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6ay01108j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dielectrophoresis (DEP) provides label-free manipulation and characterization of cells, but its broader adoption has been limited by insufficient electrode scalability, restricted field programmability, and the lack of standardized quantitative measurement workflows. Here, we present ProDEP, a programmable dielectrophoresis platform based on a 128 × 128 complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) microelectrode array that integrates software-defined field synthesis, protocol-based automation, and real-time motion analytics. This architecture enables programmable cell manipulation together with flexible and repeatable DEP measurement workflows under defined operating conditions. Using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and differentiated populations as a validation model, we demonstrate robust and repeatable speed-frequency signatures across independent experimental batches, as independently confirmed by flow cytometry. By integrating programmable DEP actuation, protocol-based automation, and automated motion analysis, ProDEP provides a scalable engineering platform for repeatable label-free DEP phenotyping, automated cell handling, and potential quality-control-oriented cell-state assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" ","pages":"8583-8593"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148823567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symmetric and near-symmetric cyanine probes for G-quadruplexes: molecular recognition, signal transduction, and biological applications.","authors":"Xiao-Ju Si, Qianqian Ren, Yue Wang, Lingli Bu","doi":"10.1039/d6ay01657j","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6ay01657j","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>G-quadruplexes (G4s) are dynamic noncanonical nucleic-acid structures involved in genome maintenance, transcription, RNA metabolism, and mitochondrial function, and are implicated in disease-associated processes. Symmetric and near-symmetric cyanines are versatile platforms for G4 recognition because their polymethine length, terminal heterocycles, charge distribution, conformational freedom, and supramolecular organization can be systematically tuned within related scaffolds. This review discusses how these structural features control G4 recognition and optical signal transduction through terminal G-tetrad stacking, loop and groove contacts, restriction of molecular motion, and aggregate reorganization. We first summarize <i>in vitro</i> recognition, structural discrimination, and G4-mediated sensing, and then discuss DNA and RNA G4 imaging, G4-associated biological processes, and emerging <i>in vivo</i> applications. Particular attention is given to several distinctions that are essential for interpreting probe performance: binding affinity <i>versus</i> fluorescence activation, topology preference <i>versus</i> DNA/RNA selectivity, organelle accumulation <i>versus</i> molecular targeting, and imaging contrast <i>versus</i> biological validation. Overall, molecular symmetry is considered a tunable design variable rather than a direct predictor of performance. Future studies should emphasize matched structural series, reversible and minimally perturbing probes, optical readouts that are less dependent on probe concentration, clear separation of DNA and RNA contributions, and standardized validation across solution, cellular, and whole-organism studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" ","pages":"8437-8457"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148965814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence-enabled serum SERS biomolecular fingerprinting for non-invasive stratification of gastric cancer progression.","authors":"Arslan Younas, Amar Yasser Jassim, Salim Jamil, Hesham M Hassan, Wamidh H Talib, Khalaf F Alsharif, Fuad M Alzahrani, Khalid J Alzahrani","doi":"10.1039/d6ay01644h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6ay01644h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide due to its late-stage diagnosis and progressive metastatic behavior. In this research, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) coupled with artificial intelligence-based chemometric analysis was employed as a rapid, non-invasive platform for the stage-wise discrimination of GC using blood serum samples. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were utilized as a SERS-active substrate to enhance the Raman signals of biomolecular constituents in serum samples. The mean SERS spectra recorded in the spectral region of 400-1600 cm^-1 revealed significant biochemical changes associated with proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and amino acids during GC progression from Stage 1 to Stage 4. Characteristic Raman bands observed near 493, 723, 884, 1002, 1130, and 1390 cm^-1 indicated progressive metabolic and structural variations associated with disease progression. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) demonstrated clear biochemical discrimination between healthy controls and different pathological stages of GC. Furthermore, PCA-assisted support vector machine (PCA-SVM) and PCA-assisted k-nearest neighbor (PCA-KNN) models were developed to compare classification performance. The PCA-KNN model demonstrated excellent stage-wise discrimination with an optimal <i>k</i> value of 5 and a maximum cross-validation accuracy of 94.03%. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed high classification efficiency with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.973, 0.921, 0.986, 0.967, and 0.956 for Healthy, Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, and Stage 4 groups, respectively. The PCA-SVM model achieved comparatively robust classification performance for differentiating closely related pathological stages. These findings demonstrate that serum SERS integrated with machine learning algorithms provides a rapid, sensitive, and non-invasive analytical tool for GC detection and progression monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149126135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Portable Raman spectroscopy coupled with machine learning for rapid identification and source apportionment of plastic particles in aquaculture wastewater.","authors":"Jing Lin, Panting Ren, Zhenglong Chen, Kaiming Xiao, Qing Lin, Yudong Lu, Qinghua Chen, Yaling Wu","doi":"10.1039/d6ay01380e","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6ay01380e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aquaculture expansion has exacerbated microplastics (MPs) contamination in aquaculture water bodies. MPs readily adsorb heavy metals and organic pollutants to form composite contamination and accumulate through food chains, imposing ecological and human health risks. Conventional detection techniques including microscopic observation, FTIR and Py-GC-MS are limited by low identification accuracy, matrix interference, destructiveness and cumbersome procedures, which cannot support rapid large-scale monitoring. Raman spectroscopy enables non-destructive detection with unique molecular fingerprinting, yet spectral overlap, background noise and subtle crystallinity differences among similar plastics hinder accurate manual classification. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was integrated with machine learning to establish a rapid plastic particle classification approach. Raman spectra of thirteen typical standard MPs were acquired, preprocessed and dimensionally reduced by PCA-LDA. Seven machine learning models were constructed and optimized by cross-validation, and further validated using spiked aquaculture wastewater samples. All models achieved classification accuracies above 98%. Among them, <i>K</i>-nearest neighbor (KNN), naive Bayes (NB), support vector machine (SVM), and logistic regression (LR) exhibited superior classification performance due to their effective feature discrimination capability and adaptability to high-dimensional Raman spectral data, enabling accurate classification of plastic particles according to polymer types under complex aquatic matrices. The proposed method integrates the molecular fingerprinting capability of Raman spectroscopy with the feature-learning advantages of machine learning, effectively overcoming the limitations of conventional spectral interpretation. This portable and non-destructive strategy provides a reliable approach for rapid plastic particle classification, pollution source tracing, and ecological risk assessment in aquatic environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" ","pages":"8727-8739"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148862760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent developments in smartphone-assisted Schiff base chemosensors.","authors":"Balamurugan Tharmalingam","doi":"10.1039/d6ay01448h","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6ay01448h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent decades, smartphone-based analytical methods have gained increasing attention, mainly due to their widespread user-friendliness, enhanced computational capabilities, cost-effectiveness, and the ability to simultaneously acquire and process data. Accurate ion detection plays a vital role in environmental monitoring, industrial methods, and human health. Schiff base molecules and their coordination compounds have attracted significant attention as versatile ion-sensing probes owing to their ease of synthesis and structural tunability. Recently, the integration of Schiff base chemosensors through smartphone platforms has enabled cost-effective, portable, and user-friendly sensing systems for the detection of trace-level metal ions in environmental and biological samples. This review summarizes recent advances in smartphone-based small-molecule chemosensors for the recognition of various anions and cations, including Th⁴⁺, Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ag⁺, Hg²⁺, Al³⁺, CN^-, F^-, and EDTA. Particular emphasis is placed on sensing mechanisms, recognition methods, analytical strategies, and their applications in real-sample analysis. These developments highlight the growing potential of smartphone-integrated Schiff base sensors as practical tools for point-of-care testing and on-site environmental monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":64,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Methods","volume":" ","pages":"8415-8436"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149035624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}