{"title":"Bismaleimide/epoxy/aromatic diamine ternary resin molding compounds for high-temperature electronic packaging applications","authors":"Feiyu Zhu, Ying Bao, Wei Hu, Zhenzhen Li, Xiaoma Fei, Jingcheng Liu, Xiaojie Li, Wei Wei","doi":"10.1007/s10853-025-10595-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-025-10595-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Development of the high-power devices based on the third-generation semiconductor puts forward a high requirement for the thermal performance of electronic packaging materials. In this study, we employed oligomeric bismaleimide (BMI), multifunctional epoxy resin (EP), and 4.4’-daminodiphenylmethane (DDM) as the resin matrix to prepare a new BMI/EP/DDM (BED) ternary resin molding compound aiming for high-temperature electronic packaging. With 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole as the curing accelerator, the reactions including the addition of BMI with DDM, addition of EP with DDM, self-polymerization of EP, and self-polymerization of BMI facilely occurred during the curing process of BED system, making the molding process of BED be compatible with that of commercial epoxy molding compounds (EMC). With increasing the BMI content, the thermal stability of the cured BED resins was improved, showing the initial thermal decomposition temperature and char yield at 800 °C up to 388 °C and 55.7%, respectively. Compared with EMC, the BED molding compounds exhibited a glass transition temperature over 360 °C and a remarkable dimensional stability in the glassy state after curing, due to the enhancement of network chain rigidity by the introduction of BMI component. Although the cured BED was less ductile than the cured EMC at room temperature, showing lower flexural strength and higher flexural modulus, it had much superior flexural performance to the cured EMC at 250 °C. Therefore, BED was demonstrated to be a promising candidate for high-temperature electronic packaging applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"60 4","pages":"2151 - 2164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ming Chen, Xing Zhao, Bin Wang, Da Li, Xiaoxuan Xu, Hongliang Liu, Siwen Ai, Lu Sun
{"title":"Flower-like gap-enhanced Raman tags wrapped with polydopamine-functionalized MoS2 nanosheets for phototheranostic nanoplatform","authors":"Ming Chen, Xing Zhao, Bin Wang, Da Li, Xiaoxuan Xu, Hongliang Liu, Siwen Ai, Lu Sun","doi":"10.1007/s10853-024-10532-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-024-10532-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phototheranostic nanoplatforms that perform simultaneous optical imaging and phototherapy through light activation are considered a promising approach for early diagnosis, surgical guidance, and precision treatment of cancer. In this work, we develop a novel flower-like gap-enhanced Raman tags (for brief, PMF-GERTs) wrapped with polydopamine (PDA)-functionalized molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>) nanosheets. In PMF-GERTs, 4,4′-biphenyldithiol (BPDT) Raman reporter molecules are embedded in the nanogap between the gold core and the flower-like shell, and PDA-functionalized MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets (PDA/MoS<sub>2</sub>) were wrapped on the surface of the flower-shaped shell. Photothermal and photodynamic experiments show that PDA/MoS<sub>2</sub> nanosheets significantly improve the photothermal performance and photodynamic response ability of Raman tags in the NIR-II region. Under the irradiation of 1064 nm laser (1 W/cm<sup>2</sup>), the PMF-GERTs solution can heat up to 66 °C within 300 s, and the photothermal conversion efficiency reaches 43.6%. Moreover, PMF-GERT also has excellent photothermal stability and photodynamic properties and can perform effective phototherapy on 4T1 tumor cells. In Raman spectra and mapping imaging experiments, PMF-GERTs have strong enhanced Raman signals, lower detection thresholds and long-time physiological environment stability (72 h). In addition, PMF-GETRs also have excellent performance in simulating biological tissues and biological Raman mapping imaging. This novel Raman tag is expected to be used to develop phototheranostic nanoplatform that integrates Raman imaging diagnosis and photothermal and photodynamic therapy.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"60 4","pages":"1873 - 1890"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Zr on creep deformation behaviors of PM Ni-based superalloys","authors":"Jian Jia, Haopeng Zhang, Ting Yan, Qiong Hou, Xiaokun Li, Yiwen Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10853-024-10386-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-024-10386-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, the creep tests of three PM Ni-based superalloys with different Zr contents were carried out at 700 °C/780 MPa, 750 °C/550 MPa and 800 °C/400 MPa, respectively. The effect of Zr on creep deformation behaviors was studied by OM, SEM, EBSD and AC-STEM. The results show that the addition of appropriate Zr (0.1 wt.%) inhibits crack initiation and premature cracking, prolongates the creep rupture time, reduces the minimum creep rate, and increases the proportion of steady-state creep duration. However, excessive Zr content (0.5 wt.%) can promote the continuous precipitation of μ, σ, and Ni<sub>7</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub> phases at the grain boundaries, which is easy to become a crack source and reduce the creep performance. In general, the alloy with 0.1Zr addition has high creep strength, low tendency of intergranular cracking at high temperature, and the best overall creep performance. This study provides a theoretical basis for the appropriate addition of Zr in PM Ni-based superalloys and provides some ideas for the optimization of alloy composition and design of novel PM Ni-based superalloys.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"60 4","pages":"1994 - 2010"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Green CuO nanoparticle-chitosan Schiff base hydrogel composite for efficient catalytic reduction of anthropogenic water toxins","authors":"Ganeswar Dalei, Subhraseema Das, Achyuta Nanda Acharya","doi":"10.1007/s10853-024-10574-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-024-10574-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>With water pollution surging at an alarming rate; an economical and sustainable material is warranted for mitigation of anthropogenic toxins. Herein, a nanocomposite hydrogel composed of CuO nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in chitosan-formaldehyde (CsF) Schiff base hydrogel was explored as a catalyst towards the reduction of environmental pollutants. Green synthesis of CuO NPs was accomplished from watermelon rind extract. Spherical CuO NPs having an average particle size of 29.8 nm with a zeta potential of − 23.1 mV was obtained. The CuO NPs-integrated CsF hydrogel demonstrated good catalytic reduction of pollutants like 4-nitrophenol (4-NP), K<sub>3</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>], rhodamine B (RhB) and methyl orange (MO) in the presence of NaBH<sub>4</sub>. The influence of different parameters on the catalytic activity and the kinetics was assessed. The apparent rate constant for reduction reaction of 4-NP, K<sub>3</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>], RhB and MO by the hydrogel was estimated to be 0.025 s<sup>–1</sup>, 0.016 s<sup>–1</sup>, 0.135 s<sup>–1</sup> and 0.099 s<sup>–1</sup> respectively. The hydrogel depicted a recyclability of four stable cycles. Our study paves the path for the development of a sustainable hydrogel catalyst for reduction of hazardous anthropogenic pollutants in wastewater treatment.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"60 4","pages":"2131 - 2150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10853-024-10574-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hydration analysis of phosphogypsum cementitious materials: mechanisms of mechanical property changes under water resistance experiments","authors":"Tianle Liu, Mingsheng Chen, Shaojun Zheng, Guokun Yang, Huaimeng Gu, Hourui Lai, Hao Xu","doi":"10.1007/s10853-024-10590-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-024-10590-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phosphogypsum is restricted as a building material because of its poor water resistance. In this study, phosphorus building gypsum, cement, and lime were used as the main materials, and water reducer and retarder were used as additives to prepare phosphorus gypsum cementitious materials under low water–cement ratio. Concurrently, the mechanical properties and hydration mechanism of phosphogypsum cementitious materials were investigated during both hydration and soaking processes, alongside a discussion on optimization strategies for enhancing their water resistance. The findings indicate that under low water–cement ratio conditions, rapid hydration of a substantial amount of phosphorus building gypsum occurs, leading to the formation of a spatial skeleton and significant enhancement in compressive strength. Some segments of the phosphorus building gypsum hydration process experience delay or cessation, while certain constituents of cement are densely packed, forming a compact system. Submerging in clear water gradually provides an adequate water environment, allowing for complete hydration of both phosphorus building gypsum and cement components, effectively filling the pores. Water immersion results in a material loss in the phosphogypsum cementitious system, leaving the pores formed after dissolution incompletely filled. In low water–cement ratio phosphogypsum cementitious systems, the secondary hydration process avoids exposure to a flowing solution environment, thereby circumventing material loss and achieving a complete and dense phosphogypsum cementitious system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"60 4","pages":"1853 - 1872"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Molecular dynamics simulations on the tension and compression deformation of TiZrHf HCP medium entropy alloy","authors":"Ziming Li, Chuanlong Xu, Xiaobao Tian, Wentao Jiang, Qingyuan Wang, Haidong Fan","doi":"10.1007/s10853-024-10543-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-024-10543-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, the deformation modes in TiZrHf MEA (medium entropy alloy) under tensile loading and compressive loading were investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. The orientation effect on the mechanical response was revealed by changing the orientation angle <i>θ</i> between <i>c</i>-axis and loading direction. Under tensile loading, the deformation mode changes from <span>(left{ {10overline{1}2} right})</span> tension twin at <i>θ</i> ≤ 30° into recrystallization at <i>θ</i> = 45° and <span>(left{ {10overline{1}1} right})</span> compression twin at <i>θ</i> = 60–75° and BCC phase transformation at <i>θ</i> = 90°. The nucleation stress of these deformation modes is always decreasing as the orientation angle increases. Under compressive loading, the deformation mode changes from <span>(left{ {10overline{1}1} right})</span> compression twin at <i>θ</i> ≤ 30° to basal dislocations at <i>θ</i> = 45–60° and <span>(left{ {10overline{1}1} right})</span> compression twin at <i>θ</i> = 75° and BCC phase transformation at <i>θ</i> = 90°. The nucleation stress first increases then decreases and finally increases with the increasing orientation angle. From the nucleation stress, strong anisotropy is observed on the mechanical response. However, tension–compression asymmetry is observed only for small orientation angle and large orientation angle.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"60 4","pages":"2061 - 2078"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High efficiency thermal insulation material based on boron hybrid silicone rubber and hollow microspheres","authors":"Yu-long Zhang, Wei Liu, Yan-zhen Xu, Si-yu Wang, Han-yue Zheng, Ji-long Li, Qiang Zhou","doi":"10.1007/s10853-024-10111-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-024-10111-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, a new type of thermal insulation protective material with good thermodynamic properties was successfully prepared. Using boron hybrid silicone rubber (B-SR) as matrix and hollow ceramic microsphere (HCM), hollow silica microsphere (HSM) and hydroxy silicone oil foaming agents (OH-3#) as thermal insulation phase, a single thermal insulation phase (HCM/B-SR, HSM/B-SR, OH-3#/B-SR) was prepared, and the influence of single thermal insulation function on the performance of thermal insulation material was studied. Based on the influence of single thermal insulation function phase on the performance of thermal insulation material, orthogonal experiment was designed to study the influence of composite thermal insulation function phase on the performance of thermal insulation material. The influence of single and composite thermal insulation function phase on thermal performance and mechanical properties of insulation materials were studied by scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis plate thermal conductivity meter and universal testing machine, respectively. Through the orthogonal design experiment and further optimization, the final formula of boron hybrid silicone rubber-based thermal insulation protection material was obtained. When B-SR: HCM: HGM: OH-3# = 100: 15: 25: 18, the comprehensive performance of multiphase composite insulation materials was the best. The results showed that the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation material under the formula is 0.064 W/(m K), <i>T</i><sub>10</sub> is 549.9 °C, <i>T</i><sub>max</sub> is 621.3 °C, <i>R</i><sub>1000</sub> is 77.5%, tensile strength is 2.43 MPa, elongation at break is 73.6%, compression modulus is 11.7 MPa, hardness is 43°. The good synergistic effect of different thermal insulation function phases ensured the technical requirements of warhead thermal insulation protection materials for low thermal conductivity, high heat resistance and structural strength to the greatest extent. This study is of great significance for preparing highly efficient thermal insulation materials through the organic combination of HM filling and chemical foaming.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"60 4","pages":"1964 - 1981"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pedro A. B. Kuroda, Giovana C. Cardoso, Mariana C. Rossi, Conrado R. M. Afonso, Carlos R. Grandini
{"title":"The action of anodic TiO2 coating against thermal oxidation of pure titanium","authors":"Pedro A. B. Kuroda, Giovana C. Cardoso, Mariana C. Rossi, Conrado R. M. Afonso, Carlos R. Grandini","doi":"10.1007/s10853-024-10547-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-024-10547-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aims to produce a micro-arc oxidation (MAO) layer of TiO<sub>2</sub> on commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) and analyze the influence of heat treatment temperatures in the air to promote thermal oxidation and in a vacuum to prevent oxidation. The results showed that the MAO coating is amorphous and constituted by TiO<sub>2</sub> as anatase and rutile. The increase in heat treatment temperature (600–1200 °C) promoted the formation of rutile, an increase in surface roughness, but decreased the contact angle and pore size. In the condition subjected to heat treatment in vacuum, there is also a decrease in the thickness of the layer due to atomic diffusion (13 → ~ 0 μm). On the other hand, the heat treatment out of vacuum oxidized the CP-Ti MAO surfaces, increasing the oxide thickness as the temperature increased (9 → 325 μm). The increased hardness of CP-Ti at the metal/oxide interface was high due to the incorporation of oxygen in solid solution, which acts as a hardening agent. The MAO coating acts as an effective protective layer of the metal substrate against thermal oxidation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"60 4","pages":"1891 - 1904"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigation of the oxidation behaviors of G115 steel in deoxygenated ultra-supercritical water at 650 °C","authors":"C. G. Shang, Y. M. Han, Y. H. Lu","doi":"10.1007/s10853-024-10494-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-024-10494-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The oxidation behaviors of a new martensite steel G115 were investigated in ultra-supercritical water in this study. After a short-term oxidation (one hour), a double-layer oxide film, including a porous outer layer of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and a thick internal layer, was formed in the surface. The oxidation resistance of Co delayed the complete oxidation of the internal oxide layer, resulting in a thick internal oxide layer. Spinel particles within internal layer exhibited a Baker–Nutting relationship with matrix. Over time, high-angle grain boundaries and Co-rich residual matrix promoted dense Cr-rich oxide layer formation. This Cr-rich layer hindered the inward diffusion of oxygen, causing internal layer to transform into inner layer followed by a renewed internal layer formation. Additionally, the Cr-rich layer hindered the outward diffusion of Fe, thus accelerating the transition of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> into Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Cu initially precipitated at the oxide/matrix interface within internal layer, subsequently diffusing beneath the initial Cr-rich layer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"60 4","pages":"2027 - 2046"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142994649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}