Journal of Materials Science最新文献

{"title":"Intelligent bandgap engineering for high-efficiency perovskite photovoltaics: directing high-entropy optimization through low-entropy knowledge synergy","authors":"Wenjing Hu,&nbsp;Jiajun Jiang,&nbsp;Lin Peng,&nbsp;Tingting Shi,&nbsp;Xiaolin Liu,&nbsp;Jia Lin","doi":"10.1007/s10853-026-13827-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-026-13827-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-entropy perovskites (HEPs) hold great promise for next-generation photovoltaics owing to their compositionally tunable spectral matching and robust structural stability, yet their vast compositional space makes conventional trial-and-error design inefficient. Here, we introduce an Optimize-to-Optimize (O2O) paradigm in which combinatorial rules and stability relationships distilled from 275 stability-screened semiconductors identified among 1596 low-entropy Cs-based chloride double perovskite combinations constrain the design space of higher-order B-site alloys. By integrating a rules-based element pool with an explainable machine-learning strategy (Stacking + Generalized Additive Model), the O2O workflow achieves a test-set <i>R</i>² of 0.91 while extracting closed-form formulas that quantitatively decode how Pauling electronegativity (<i>χ</i>) governs the bandgap. Density-functional-theory validation yields two distinct outcomes: bandgap compression from 2.96 to 0.49 eV for Cs₂{ScNaInBGa}₂Cl₆ (broad-spectrum harvesting) and bandgap retention from 1.56 to 1.57 eV for Cs₂{BaZnCdSiGe}₂Cl₆ (compensatory alloying). Tolerance factors, negative formation energies, <i>TΔS</i>-driven configurational stabilization, and 8 ps AIMD trajectories at 300 K corroborate candidate plausibility. This approach thus delivers concrete composition rules, interpretable descriptor-response functions, and prioritized candidates for further phase-stability and experimental assessment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"61 44","pages":"34999 - 35019"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149162962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrothermally assisted sintering of calcium hydroxide sputtering targets: a route to quantum-grade CaO thin films","authors":"Jake A. DeChiara,&nbsp;Tainara Coutinho Carvalho,&nbsp;Alexandru H. Marin,&nbsp;Saeed S. I. Almishal,&nbsp;Jon-Paul Maria","doi":"10.1007/s10853-026-13788-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-026-13788-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this report, we demonstrate dense polycrystalline calcium hydroxide ceramics fabricated by hydrothermally assisted sintering—often referred to as cold sintering—to produce high-purity calcium hydroxide targets for calcium oxide thin film deposition. Calcium hydroxide ceramics exhibit up to 98% relative density without thermal dehydration when sintered at temperatures between 100 and 300 °C with 400 MPa applied uniaxial pressure for 1 hour. The brucite phase is preserved in calcium hydroxide targets sintered at all temperatures. Small equivalent fractions of calcium carbonate are present in both the calcium hydroxide precursor powder and final targets suggesting minimal additional carbonate production during formation and densification. Microstructure evolution during densification is documented by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), indicating both mass transport and plastic deformation densification mechanisms. The hydrothermal-assisted sintering process is scaled up to produce 2-inch-diameter calcium hydroxide targets suitable for sputter deposition. We also report epitaxial calcium oxide film deposition from these targets on <i>r</i>-plane sapphire substrates. (002)-oriented epitaxial films are achieved with a time-stable deposition rate of 1.2 nm per minute. We note that energetic bombardment during growth can be substantial, necessitating an off-axis sputter cathode geometry.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"61 44","pages":"34703 - 34713"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10853-026-13788-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: low-temperature fracture behavior of high-strength structural steels—microstructural heterogeneity, thickness effects, and toughness assessment","authors":"Songyu Liu,&nbsp;Guomin Wei,&nbsp;Minghe Li,&nbsp;Jiabin Yan,&nbsp;Zhuoran Jiang,&nbsp;Yiqin Huang,&nbsp;Xiyue Liu,&nbsp;Pingchuan Jin","doi":"10.1007/s10853-026-13775-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-026-13775-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>High-strength structural steels improve load-bearing efficiency and enable structural lightweighting; however, thick plates and welded components remain susceptible to sudden brittle fracture under low temperatures, preexisting defects, and high-constraint conditions. This review focuses on three interrelated themes—microstructural heterogeneity, thickness effects, and toughness assessment. It systematically examines centerline segregation, inclusion clusters, hardness gradients, coarse effective microstructural units, and localized heat-affected zones generated during thick-plate manufacturing and welding thermal cycles and discusses their roles in cleavage-crack nucleation, crack transfer into the matrix, and grain-boundary arrest. The available evidence indicates that low-temperature fracture in high-strength structural steels is governed by the spatial coincidence between regions of high crack-driving force and zones of low local resistance. The available fracture responses can be broadly grouped into two limiting regimes according to the relative roles of crack-tip constraint and local microstructural resistance: a constraint-controlled regime and a local-weak-zone-controlled regime. Thickness effects are further redefined as the coupled consequence of manufacturing-induced heterogeneity, crack-tip constraint, and weakest-link statistics. On this basis, the physical boundaries of Charpy impact energy, crack-tip opening displacement (CTOD), the J-integral, the Master Curve, and engineering critical assessment (ECA) are critically distinguished. Standard specimens should therefore satisfy not only geometric validity requirements but also dual representativeness with respect to microstructural location and crack-tip constraint. Finally, a multiscale closed-loop framework is proposed, integrating impact-based screening, confirmation of local fracture toughness, component-scale validation, failure assessment diagram (FAD)/ECA-based decision-making, and feedback to manufacturing-process optimization. This review provides a unified basis for shifting low-temperature integrity assessment from a homogenized paradigm governed by average properties toward one driven by local weak zones and state-dependent toughness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"61 44","pages":"34412 - 34448"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ construction of surface coating for boosting the electrochemical performance of cobalt-free Li-rich Mn-based cathode","authors":"Yanni Li,&nbsp;Zhigui Zhang,&nbsp;Yu Chen,&nbsp;Runguo Zheng,&nbsp;Dan Wang,&nbsp;Zhishuang Song,&nbsp;Hongyu Sun,&nbsp;Yanguo Liu,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Wang","doi":"10.1007/s10853-026-13804-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-026-13804-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cobalt-free Li-rich Mn-based oxides (LRMOs) cathode, while possessing the combined advantages of high specific capacity and low cost, suffers from severe voltage decay, capacity fading, and sluggish interfacial kinetics, which hinder their practical application. In this work, a surface coating comprising Li₃PO₄/spinel phase was successfully constructed on the surface of LRMOs via a facile in situ surface treatment using NH₄H₂PO₄ as a single precursor. The optimized LP-1% sample maintains a discharge capacity of 194 mAh g⁻¹ with a capacity retention of 94% after 200 cycles at 1 C and significantly improved rate capability, compared with the pristine sample. Mechanistic analysis reveals that the outer Li₃PO₄ layer can effectively isolate the active material from direct electrolyte contact, thereby suppressing interfacial side reactions. The spinel phase of the surface not only offers three-dimensional lithium-ion diffusion pathways but also reduces the unit cell volume change, substantially mitigating particle cracking and structural degradation. This coating strategy synergistically addresses the challenges of interfacial instability and structural decay in LRMOs, offering a new insight into the practical design of high-performance cathode materials.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><p>A surface coating is constructed on cobalt-free Li-rich Mn-based cathodes via a single NH₄H₂PO₄ precursor. The coating suppresses oxygen release and intergranular cracking, and reduces volume change. Among them, the LP-1% maintains a discharge capacity of 194 mAh g⁻¹ with a capacity retention of 94% after 200 cycles, which is higher than that of the others.</p>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"61 43","pages":"33845 - 33857"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149099218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-melting glass-assisted sintering of PSBNT glass-ceramics: densification, microstructure evolution and dielectric properties","authors":"Yunhe Yi,&nbsp;Junyou Chen,&nbsp;Yanyun Zhao,&nbsp;Min Zhou,&nbsp;Qingmeng Zhang,&nbsp;Zheng Lu","doi":"10.1007/s10853-026-13841-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-026-13841-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The PSBNT glass-ceramics assisted by low-melting-point PZABS glass were successfully fabricated via tape casting method in this study. The effects of PZABS content on thermal behavior, densification, phase evolution, microstructure, and dielectric and ferroelectric properties were systematically investigated. The crystallized phase was dominated by tetragonal tungsten bronze (T.T.B.) niobate with minor SiO₂, while excess PZABS (≥ 6 wt%) induced secondary Pb₂(Nb_0.67Ti_0.33)₂O_6.67 precipitation. The addition of PZABS initially promoted densification, whereas excessive addition resulted in deteriorated densification and secondary-phase formation. At 2 wt% PZABS, the glass-ceramic exhibited the highest density of ~ 4.84 g/cm³ and lowest porosity ~ 0.30%, together with a high dielectric permittivity of ~ 949, a breakdown strength of ~ 220 kV/cm, and the maximum energy density of 1.03 J/cm³ and recoverable energy density of 0.82 J/cm³. Increasing PZABS content enhanced the relaxor behavior, with <i>γ</i> increasing from 1.81 to 1.96. These results demonstrate that sintering assisted by low-melting glass combined with tape casting is an effective strategy for fabricating dense, high-performance glass-ceramics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"61 43","pages":"33502 - 33514"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149099185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resource utilization of steel slag for fabrication of Fe-MOF-based photothermal superwetting textiles with rapid viscous oil/water separation","authors":"Junxiang Guo,&nbsp;Zhengming Cheng,&nbsp;Shan Peng,&nbsp;Youhao Yin,&nbsp;Jianlong Wu,&nbsp;Mingyuan Gu,&nbsp;Zhang Mei","doi":"10.1007/s10853-026-13791-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-026-13791-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The efficient resource utilization of inorganic solid waste steel slag is greatly desired. However, its global utilization rate remains low, underscoring the urgent need for novel and effective processing routes. In this paper, Fe-MOF was successfully synthesized using steel slag as the raw material, which was inserted into the layers of the two-dimensional material MXene to achieve a composite structure, which was then deposited onto a superhydrophilic fiber cloth made from recycled waste cotton pads. The resultant composite material exhibited superior and stable superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic properties through complex intermolecular forces of glycyrrhizic acid (GA)-based ligand compounds. The highly hydrophilic GA formed gel-like protecting layer, which strongly maintained the stable superhydrophilic layer of the composite. The introduction of Fe-MOF enhanced the interlayer spacing of MXene and formed heterojunctions at the interface, greatly improving electron transport between the two semiconductors and significantly promoting the photothermal response speed and intensity of the system. Under photothermal action, this composite material can be used for quick separation of viscous oil/water mixtures and emulsion systems, demonstrating excellent oil pollution resistance and cycled usage rate. This composite textile also achieved flame-retardant properties. This paper not only reported a new oil/water separation material but also provided a new pathway for the high-value utilization of steel slag and the recycling of waste cotton pads.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"61 44","pages":"34822 - 34836"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149162958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: advanced characterization of geopolymer materials-from multiscale structural understanding to structure-property relationships","authors":"Xingcai He,&nbsp;Thammaros Pantongsuk,&nbsp;Weijie Chen,&nbsp;Rusen Deng,&nbsp;Ting Yu,&nbsp;Baifa Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s10853-026-13826-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-026-13826-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Geopolymers are a class of low-carbon amorphous aluminosilicate binders featuring short- and medium-range ordered but long-range disordered network structures. The increasing incorporation of multi-source industrial solid wastes introduces substantial compositional complexity, leading to heterogeneous gel formation and dynamic structural reconstruction, which pose significant challenges for conventional characterization techniques in establishing reliable structure–property relationships. This review summarizes recent advances in multiscale characterization and computational approaches for understanding geopolymer structures and properties. Bibliometric analysis reveals a transition from conventional phase and composition identification toward precise atomic-scale analysis, dynamic monitoring, and data-driven material design. Advanced spectroscopic techniques are discussed for elucidating local atomic configurations, network connectivity, water states, and heteroatom coordination, while advanced microscopy approaches provide insights into hierarchical gel structures, interfacial heterogeneity, and pore evolution. In addition, molecular simulations and machine learning methods are reviewed for revealing reaction mechanisms, predicting performance, and enabling rational material design. The unique capabilities of synchrotron radiation and neutron-based techniques for <i>in situ</i> investigation and high-resolution characterization are also highlighted. Overall, the integration of advanced characterization, multiscale simulation, and artificial intelligence is driving geopolymer research from empirical optimization toward quantitative and predictive materials science, providing new opportunities for the rational design of sustainable and high-performance geopolymers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"61 44","pages":"34535 - 34598"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A one-pot process for selective lithium recovery and in-situ transformation of NCM523 cathodes into a high-performance photocatalyst","authors":"Yiting Hu,&nbsp;Zhixiong Liu,&nbsp;Bei Liu,&nbsp;Qiuling Zou,&nbsp;Fei Li,&nbsp;Yanhong Xiang,&nbsp;YanHong Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10853-026-13821-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-026-13821-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to develop a dual-functional one-pot strategy for spent LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ (NCM523) cathode scraps by integrating selective lithium recovery with the in-situ conversion of residual transition metals into value-added functional materials. A sodium persulfate (SPS)-assisted reaction system was constructed, and methylene blue (MB) was selected as a model organic pollutant to evaluate the photocatalytic performance of the converted products. The effects of calcination pretreatment, SPS dosage and initial pH were optimized, while reactive species and degradation pathways were investigated through mechanistic analysis and LC-MS/MS. Under the optimized conditions of calcination at 420 °C, SPS dosage of 1.0 g/L and initial pH 7.0, the lithium leaching efficiency reached 97.38%, lithium selectivity over co-leached Ni, Co and Mn reached 79.90%, and MB degradation efficiency in the one-pot system reached 91.50%. The delithiated residue was directly transformed into a ternary mixed-phase catalyst containing NiO, CoO and MnO₂/MnO_x, which achieved 98.29% MB degradation in an independent SPS-activation photocatalytic system. Mechanistic results indicated that photogenerated holes and multivalent Ni/Co/Mn redox cycles promoted the formation of singlet oxygen and superoxide radicals. Overall, this integrated route enables efficient lithium recovery, high-value utilization of residual metals and pollutant degradation, providing a promising waste-to-resource strategy for spent LIB cathode recycling and environmental remediation.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"61 44","pages":"34915 - 34934"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strengthening of nickel-based hybrid composites processed by spark plasma sintering, high-pressure torsion, and post-deformation annealing","authors":"Szymon Nosewicz,&nbsp;Katarzyna Zielińska,&nbsp;Piotr Bazarnik,&nbsp;Piotr Jenczyk,&nbsp;Barbara Romelczyk-Baishya,&nbsp;Zbigniew Pakieła,&nbsp;Grzegorz Kuderski,&nbsp;Piotr Denis,&nbsp;Marcin Chmielewski","doi":"10.1007/s10853-026-13784-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-026-13784-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nickel-based composites reinforced with nanosized and hybrid micro-/nanosized silicon carbide particles were fabricated using a processing route combining high-energy ball milling, spark plasma sintering (SPS), high-pressure torsion (HPT), and post-deformation annealing. The aim of this study was to establish the relationships between processing, microstructural evolution, and mechanical performance in Ni–SiC composites subjected to severe plastic deformation and subsequent heat treatment. Spark plasma sintering produced highly densified composites with a homogeneous distribution of the ceramic reinforcement and a refined nickel matrix. Detailed microstructural characterization revealed significant chemical and morphological evolution of the SiC reinforcement during SPS, including the formation of carbon-enriched shells around microsized particles and Ni–Si reaction products associated with nanosized reinforcement. High-pressure torsion resulted in a homogeneous ultrafine-grained microstructure accompanied by extensive grain refinement, fragmentation of microsized SiC particles, and redistribution of nanosized reinforcement throughout the matrix. These microstructural changes produced a substantial increase in hardness and tensile strength, but at the expense of tensile ductility after HPT. The Ni–hybridSiC composite achieved a tensile strength of 1526 MPa and an average microhardness of 720 HV after annealing at 300 °C, while its ultimate elongation remained approximately 0.59%. Thus, the principal mechanical benefit of the applied processing route is the development of ultrahigh strength and hardness rather than a balanced strength–ductility response. Among all investigated materials, the hybrid micro-/nano-SiC composite exhibited the most effective strengthening response, demonstrating the synergistic effect of bimodal reinforcement and severe plastic deformation on the development of ultrahigh-strength nickel-based composites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"61 43","pages":"34173 - 34197"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10853-026-13784-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149099199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrolyte-dependent charge storage in hydrothermally synthesized petal-like Bi2S3 nanostructure: experimental and DFT insights","authors":"Drisya Mottammal,&nbsp;Susmi Anna Thomas,&nbsp;Jayesh Cherusseri,&nbsp;Deepak Arumugam,&nbsp;Mohan Reddy Pallavolu,&nbsp;Amanullah Fatehmulla,&nbsp;Shankar Ramasamy,&nbsp;Vudhichai Parasuk,&nbsp;Deepthi N. Rajendran","doi":"10.1007/s10853-026-13692-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10853-026-13692-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A supercapattery (SC) is an emerging electrochemical energy storage device that bridges the performance gap between a supercapacitor and a battery. SCs utilize positive electrode of battery-type charge storage and negative electrode of supercapacitive charge storage, delivering higher energy density than a supercapacitor and higher power than a battery. Herein, we report the hydrothermal synthesis of Bi₂S₃ nanopetals (hereafter denoted as BSNP) and its energy storage performance in three different aqueous electrolytes: LiOH, NaOH, and KOH. The BSNP served as the positive electrode for the SC. The electrochemical performances of the BSNP electrode show that it exhibits superior performance in 2 M KOH (aqueous) electrolyte, delivering a gravimetric capacity of 797.9 C g⁻¹ at a scan rate of 1 mV s⁻¹. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, including orbital hybridization analysis, Bader charge analysis, charge density difference analysis, and electron localization function analysis, further elucidated the enhanced electrochemical activity of BSNP in KOH electrolyte compared to other electrolytes. Dunn’s method kinetic analysis confirmed the dominant role of diffusion-controlled charge storage. An asymmetric SC (ASC) device fabricated using BSNP as the positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as the negative electrode achieved a gravimetric capacity of 209.76 C g⁻¹ at a current density of 1 A g⁻¹ and an energy density of 46.61 Wh kg⁻¹. These findings demonstrate that BSNP is suitable as a battery-type electrode for aqueous ASCs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":645,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Materials Science","volume":"61 43","pages":"33811 - 33833"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149099200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}