Analyst最新文献

{"title":"A cucurbit[7]uril/gold nanoparticle self-assembly mediated chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer immunoassay for insulin detection.","authors":"Jiangmin Qing, Lingyu Zhao, Xiaojuan Yu, Rongbin Nie","doi":"10.1039/d6an00337k","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6an00337k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As insulin is the core regulatory hormone maintaining blood glucose stability, its abnormal secretion is often associated with diseases such as diabetes. In order to break away from the dependence on the traditional insulin detection technology involving expensive instruments and complex operations, we present a cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7])/gold nanoparticle (AuNP) self-assembly mediated chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer immunoassay (CRETIA) for insulin detection. The AuNP@CB[7] self-assembly serves two critical roles: the biorecognition element for capturing insulin from complex samples <i>via</i> host-guest interaction and the catalyst for the chemiluminescent reaction due to the enzyme-like activity of AuNPs. Upon introducing the energy acceptor antibody (Ab)-graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets, the presence of insulin leads to the formation of AuNP@CB[7]/insulin/Ab-GO nanosheet complexes, in which the AuNP and GO nanosheets are in close proximity, resulting in significant quenching of the chemiluminescence signal. Under optimized conditions, a satisfactory linear relationship was obtained in the range of 10-5000 pg mL^-1, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.51 pg mL^-1. The proposed CRETIA involves no use of natural enzyme or tedious washing and separation steps, thereby providing a robust tool for rapid detection of insulin.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" ","pages":"6221-6229"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149078969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiplex digital PCR for rapid quantitative detection and dynamic monitoring of respiratory pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.","authors":"Fang Wang, Tao Yuan, Chianru Tan, Lingxiang Zhu, Pengshu Zhang, Chenguang Zhang, Lai Wei, Shisheng Su, Huiping Hou, Sheng Wu, Yong Guo, Xuyan Chen","doi":"10.1039/d6an00647g","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6an00647g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) remain a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Rapid and comprehensive etiological diagnosis is critical yet challenging: existing approaches, from culture to multiplex PCR and mNGS, carry distinct limitations in one or more of turnaround time, sensitivity, cost, or quantitative resolution. We developed a 33-plex digital PCR (dPCR) assay for absolute quantification of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and atypical pathogens in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Systematic evaluation of five liquefaction protocols identified dithiothreitol (DTT) as the optimal universal pretreatment, ensuring balanced RNA and DNA recovery. The assay demonstrated reliable quantification from 10 to 10⁵ copies per test for all 33 targets (<i>R</i>² > 0.99), with 27 targets showing linearity across full range and 6 targets exhibiting linearity from 10 to 10⁴ copies per test (10⁵ as upper detection limit). The limit of detection was 5 copies per test for all targets. In 105 BALF samples, dPCR achieved a significantly higher positive rate than culture (96.19% <i>vs.</i> 83.81%, <i>p</i> < 0.05), particularly for polymicrobial infections (85.71% <i>vs.</i> 40.00%). Concordance with mNGS for primary pathogens was 86.96% (20/23) for 14 primary pathogens across 23 positive samples. The complete workflow from sample pre-treatment to results required only 2.5 hours. Serial BALF dPCR quantification of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> in one severe LRTI case tracked pathogen loads in parallel with clinical course and antibiotic responses, preliminarily supporting the technical feasibility of dynamic monitoring. This study demonstrates the feasibility of a rapid 33-plex dPCR assay for comprehensive respiratory pathogen profiling in BALF, with potential for dynamic monitoring in critically ill patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" ","pages":"5890-5899"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148785533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanostructured materials: shaping the future of electrochemical sensors for DNA methylation detection.","authors":"Ying Zhang, Tao Zhang, Feifei Xing, Kun Han","doi":"10.1039/d6an00877a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6an00877a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>DNA methylation is a key epigenetic modification regulating gene expression without altering the DNA sequence, and its aberrant patterns serve as important biomarkers for cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Electrochemical biosensors have emerged as powerful platforms for site-specific methylation analysis due to their high sensitivity, simplicity, low cost, and compatibility with miniaturized devices. More importantly, electrochemical interfaces enable direct coupling between molecular recognition and nanoscale signal amplification, allowing detection limits to be pushed beyond intrinsic electrochemical constraints. This review presents a mechanism-oriented framework for electrochemical DNA methylation sensing, integrating advances in interfacial signal transduction and nanomaterial-enabled amplification. Emphasis is placed on classifying representative material platforms, including carbon-based nanomaterials, metallic nanostructures, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)/covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and DNA nanostructures, elucidating their roles in regulating electrochemical responses. In particular, we highlight how these materials modulate interfacial electron-transfer kinetics, adsorption, conductivity, and catalytic activity, governing the translation of methylation events into amplified signals. Finally, we outline emerging directions toward more quantitative and systematic design principles for interfacial biosensing architectures.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mass-standardised quantitative biophotonic assay for profiling the SARS-CoV-2 spike IgG response in recovery and vaccination cohorts.","authors":"Philip H James-Pemberton, Mark W Helliwell, Rouslan V Olkhov, Shivali Kohli, Aaron C Westlake, Benjamin M Farrar, Andrew M Shaw","doi":"10.1039/d6an00659k","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6an00659k","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A fully quantitative biophotonic assay for SARS CoV 2 Spike IgG antibodies has been mass-standardised against the NISTmAb human antibody to produce fully quantitative results in mg L^-1. The antibody response was compared directly between two vaccinated cohorts for AstraZeneca ChAdOx1-S (AZ, <i>n</i> = 35) and Pfizer/BioNTech BNT162b2 (Pfizer, <i>n</i> = 25) with patients recovering from infection in a SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR-positive cohort (<i>n</i> = 195) and pre-pandemic cohort (<i>n</i> = 200). The vaccine response distributions were used to quantify live-challenge protective thresholds: the 31^st percentile of the AZ cohort distribution was 2.90 ± 1.10 mg L^-1 compared with the 7^th percentile of the Pfizer cohort distribution, 1.11 ± 1.10 mg L^-1 corresponding to 69% and 93% protection. Further, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 NIBSC Verification Panel showed a separation of seropositive and seronegative samples at 1.90 ± 1.10 mg L^-1. Reverse cumulative distribution curves were constructed for each cohort showing mean vaccine recovery thresholds of 1.78 ± 0.95 mg L^-1 (mean ± sample standard deviation) compared with mean points of inflection at 2.82 ± 0.31 mg L^-1, derived from the population analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" ","pages":"6230-6238"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149079010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CASCADE: Continuous Wavelet Transform-Adam Spectral Curve-fitting And Decomposition Engine for Bio-Raman Peak Fitting","authors":"Abigail Bonde,Nathan Taylor,Eric Baker,Marcus T Cicerone,Chuan-En Wang,Hailing Shi","doi":"10.1039/d6an00692b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6an00692b","url":null,"abstract":"Omics technologies have transformed biology but remain destructive, static, and incompatible with longitudinal measurements in living systems. Raman fingerprint spectroscopy offers a compelling noninvasive omics surrogate. Broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (BCARS) reveals coordinated biochemical changes in proteins, lipids, and metabolites at information densities comparable to transcriptomics, with subcellular spatial resolution and millisecond acquisition times. Despite strong, widely demonstrated correlations between Raman spectral features and gene program activity, generalizable interpretation models have remained elusive. A central barrier to the development of such models is that raw spectral intensities are a poor substrate for transferable machine learning; baseline artifacts and instrument-dependent offsets can dominate biologically meaningful variation. Generalizable inference requires operation in the space of physically meaningful peak parameters which are stable, chemically interpretable, and instrument-independent. With Raman spectroscopy, we can define a single peak by its amplitude, position, and width parameters. Here we introduce CASCADE (CWT-Adam Spectral Curve-fitting And Decomposition Engine), an automated pipeline that transforms Raman fingerprint hyperspectral images into quantitative peak-parameter representations at every pixel, combining continuous wavelet transform initialization with physics-constrained Adam gradient descent. Validation on synthetic datasets with known ground truth demonstrates $F_1$ scores exceeding 80%, position accuracy better than $0.5,cm^{-1}$, and amplitude errors below 10% across a wide range of noise levels and peak separations. Application to BCARS images of differentiating neuroblastoma cells reveals spatially resolved metabolic signatures invisible in averaged spectra. CASCADE establishes a fast, reliable translation from raw fingerprint spectra to a peak parameter space, providing an objective common language to realize generalizable Raman-based biological inference for spectral interpretation by researchers and machine learning alike.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149152688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An on-site colorimetric sensor for glucose in sweat based on a hydrogel embedded with GOx@Co-HHTP.","authors":"Wanxin Xu, Xiangna Ni, Zhanglin Weng, Zhenyu Lin","doi":"10.1039/d6an01048b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6an01048b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Owing to their stable signal response and facile readout, enzymatic reaction and hydrogel based colorimetric sensors have received widespread attention for on-site sweat glucose detection. Developing enzymes with high stability and activity is an important research direction. Herein, a glucose oxidase-loaded cobalt-2,3,6,7,10,11-hexahydroxytriphenylene composite (GOx@Co-HHTP) has been designed to be incorporated into a carrageenan matrix to construct a hydrogel-based colorimetric sensor for glucose detection. The hydroxyl-rich HHTP surface provides potential sites for noncovalent interfacial association with carrageenan chains, which may facilitate the retention and dispersion of the catalytic composite within the hydrogel matrix. GOx catalyzes glucose oxidation to generate H₂O₂, which is subsequently utilized by the peroxidase-like Co-HHTP to oxidize 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine, thereby producing a visible color change of the hydrogel, and this phenomenon can be easily recorded using a smartphone. Under the optimized conditions, the developed system exhibits a linear response to glucose over the concentration range of 5-600 μM, with a limit of detection of 3.02 μM. The sensing system also shows high selectivity against common potential interferents. The concentration-dependent color change of the hydrogel is quantified using smartphone imaging and ImageJ-assisted gray-value analysis, enabling visual and image-assisted glucose determination. This work provides a practical strategy for constructing hydrogel-supported enzyme-nanozyme colorimetric platforms for on-site glucose monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micro and nanoscale probes for spatiotemporal cell analysis and manipulation.","authors":"Henry F S Budds, Wellydo Escarião, Richard W Taylor, Vahid Sandoghdar, Chalmers C C Chau, Sheena E Radford, Ciro Chiappini, Eric W Hewitt, Paolo Actis","doi":"10.1039/d6an00915h","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d6an00915h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding dynamic cellular processes requires technologies capable of probing living cells with high spatial and temporal precision while preserving viability. Conventional approaches, including bulk omics, microinjection, and electroporation, often provide only static snapshots or induce significant cellular perturbation. Recent advances in micro- and nanoscale probes are enabling minimally invasive intracellular delivery, sampling, sensing, and manipulation with unprecedented precision. This review examines the current state of the art in micro and nanoscale probe technologies, including fluidic force microscopy (FluidFM), nanopipettes, open-space microfluidic probes, and nanoneedle arrays. We discuss how these complementary platforms enable controlled delivery of biomolecules, longitudinal molecular sampling, intracellular electrophysiology, electrochemical sensing, and spatiotemporally resolved analyses from single cells to living tissues. We placed particular emphasis on their ability to overcome the limitations of destructive endpoint assays by facilitating repeated interrogation of the same cell, quantitative molecular delivery, and multimodal measurements with subcellular resolution. Finally, we discuss the remaining engineering challenges, including improving throughput, integrating complementary sensing modalities, and advancing these promising technologies into robust platforms for laboratory studies of cultured cells and tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13657139/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Green Carbon Dot-Based Chemiluminescent Sensor for Salivary Calcium Ion Detection via CRET","authors":"Kimia Shahab,Fatemeh Mehrabi,Asghar Jamshidi Zavaraki,Bijan Ranjbar,Morteza Hosseini","doi":"10.1039/d6an00863a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6an00863a","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the design and implementation of an innovative optical sensor based on Chemiluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (CRET) utilising luminol, green carbon dots, and K₃Fe(CN)₆ for the specific detection of calcium ions (Ca²⁺) in human saliva. The sensor exploits the unique photoluminescent properties of green carbon dots, which serve as the acceptor in the CRET mechanism, while luminol acts as a chemiluminescent donor. Upon binding of calcium ions, a significant change in the luminescence intensity was observed, indicating a successful interaction between the target ion and the sensor components. Experimental results demonstrated a high sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.71 mg/L, showcasing a linear response within the concentration range of 10.02-240.04 mg/L. The sensor exhibited excellent selectivity for calcium ions over other common ions present in saliva.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149151822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Directly visualizing the spatial distribution of exogenous humectants in a leaf matrix <i>via</i> stimulated Raman scattering imaging.","authors":"Kaixuan Jiao, Dandan Sun, Jian Wu, Boka Xiang, Kai Shen, Manli Guo, Hu Fan, Shihao Hu, Hua Huang, Fanda Pan, Chunfang Yan, Wei Wang, Wei Zhou, Yunjing Wan, Shuyin Hou, Qiaoli Chen, Yihan Zhu","doi":"10.1039/d6an00716c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6an00716c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant leaves are not only vital for material exchange with the environment, but also act as primary sites for the deposition, permeation, and action of exogenous functional molecules in agricultural applications such as pest control, nutrient supplementation, and post-harvest processing. Visualizing the spatial distribution of exogenous molecules in plant leaves is of great importance. Traditional methods like chromatography and mass spectrometry may require destroying samples and make it difficult to obtain <i>in situ</i> distribution information. Typical Raman spectroscopy suffers from fluorescence interference and low sensitivity. This study uses tobacco leaves as a model and applies stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) microscopy combined with Lasso spectral unmixing to achieve label-free, high-resolution, rapid visualization, and semi-quantitative analysis of propylene glycol and glycerol. The results show that SRS can clearly distinguish the characteristic spectra of tobacco, propylene glycol, and glycerol, visually presenting the distribution differences of polyols on the surface and inside the leaf. Besides, the co-localization of the two components and the analysis of their relatively mass ratios are also realized. This method provides a universal technical solution for detecting the distribution of exogenous small molecules in plant leaves.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring a FRET-driven ratiometric probe based on perovskite quantum dots and a rhodamine derivative for Cu²⁺ sensing in environmental water samples.","authors":"Yuchen Du, Taiyu Cao, Cai Shi, Wenlong Xiong, Yujie Ding, Zongrui Zhang","doi":"10.1039/d6an00713a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6an00713a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Based on the FRET mechanism, a fluorescent probe was designed and synthesized for detecting Cu²⁺ in environmental water samples. This nanoprobe was constructed with perovskite quantum dots and a synthetic rhodamine derivative (RBH), which are combined through electrostatic interactions. In the presence of Cu²⁺, RBH undergoes a coordination reaction with Cu²⁺ ions, causing RBH to exhibit an absorption peak at around 550 nm and a fluorescence emission peak at 580 nm. The absorption spectrum of RBH can overlap with the fluorescence emission spectrum of CsPbBr₃@SiO₂ at around 524 nm, triggering the FRET process, in which energy is transferred from CsPbBr₃ to RBH. As the Cu²⁺ concentration increases, the fluorescence intensity for CsPbBr₃ continuously decreases, while that of RBH continuously increases. The emission intensity ratio of RBH and CsPbBr₃ shows an excellent linear relationship with the Cu²⁺ concentration in the range of 3.5-23.5 μM. The relationship is expressed as <i>I</i>₅₈₀/<i>I</i>₅₂₄ = 0.0428 + 0.0038 <i>C</i>_Cu²⁺ (<i>R</i>² = 0.9904), with a limit of detection of 1.26 μM. This nanoprobe can act as an efficient nanosensing matrix for the detection of Cu²⁺ in environmental water samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149134322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}