{"title":"Development and Validation of a Spectrophotometric Method for Quantitative Determination of Total Triterpenoid and Steroid Compounds in Polypore Fungi","authors":"H. I. Harbatsevich, I. A. Komlach","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02060-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02060-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polypore fungi represent a promising source of biologically active triterpenoid and steroid compounds; however, their quantitative determination in the raw material is complicated by the lack of reference standards and the variety and structural similarity of the compounds. The present study developed and validated a spectrophotometric method based on the Liebermann–Burchard reaction for the determination of total triterpenes and steroids in polypore extracts. The optimal analytical conditions were established as follows: CHCl<sub>3</sub> as the extractant, 1:1 extract-to-reagent ratio, analytical wavelength of 665 nm, and reaction time of 90 min. The method demonstrated satisfactory specificity, accuracy (recoveries of 100.6–108.6%), precision (RSD ≤ 3.4%), and linearity in the range 31.25–1000 μg/mL (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.99). The results confirmed the applicability of the developed approach for standardization of fungal raw materials and quality control of polypore-based products.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 1","pages":"69 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of Composition on the Electronic Structure of Manganites R1–xCAxMnO3 (R = Nd, Gd; X = 0.0, 0.2) According to X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Data","authors":"S. Kh. Estemirova","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02058-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02058-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The manganites CaMnO<sub>3</sub> and R<sub>1–x</sub>Ca<sub>x</sub>MnO<sub>3</sub> (R = Nd, Gd; x = 0.0, 0.2) were studied using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Core-level spectra of all elements in the compounds were analyzed. Chemical shifts reflecting the evolution of the ion valence states as functions of the composition were identified. The effective spin and charge states of Mn ions were determined by analyzing the multiplet splitting of Mn 3s spectra. The results expanded the existing XPS database on the electronic structure of manganites and confirmed the effectiveness of this method for analyzing the valence of manganese in complex oxides.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 1","pages":"49 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. S. Grabtchikov, L. E. Batay, V. A. Orlovich, J. Davaasambuu, H. Tsookhuu, D. Unurbileg, D. Bayartsengel
{"title":"Statistics of Stokes Radiation Pulse Energy Under SRS Excitation in Compressed Hydrogen by Two-Pulse Two-Frequency Nd:YAG-Laser Radiation","authors":"A. S. Grabtchikov, L. E. Batay, V. A. Orlovich, J. Davaasambuu, H. Tsookhuu, D. Unurbileg, D. Bayartsengel","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02056-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02056-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The statistical characteristics of the pulse energy generated during two-pulse two-frequency stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in compressed hydrogen were experimentally studied. It was found that the normalized standard deviation of the Stokes pulse energy generated under conditions of simultaneous four-photon parametric interaction and two-photon SRS was always smaller than the normalized standard deviation of the Stokes pulse energy generated under conditions of classical two-photon SRS for comparable SRS gain increments. The physical mechanisms responsible for this behavior were discussed in the article.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 1","pages":"32 - 41"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. P. Kurchenko, E. A. Gribanova, I. I. Azarko, V. E. Miamin
{"title":"Use of Spectral Methods for the Analysis of Melanin Pigments in Antarctic Yeast Dothiora cannabinae BIM Y-383","authors":"V. P. Kurchenko, E. A. Gribanova, I. I. Azarko, V. E. Miamin","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02059-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02059-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Melanogenesis during cultivation of the Antarctic yeast species Dothiora cannabinae BIM Y-383 was studied using electronic spectroscopy and EPR methods. It was shown that this species synthesizes melanin facultatively at the stages of stationary growth and culture death. Melanin was extracted from yeast mycelium cultivated for 3, 6, 9, 12, and 16 d. Its spectral properties were studied. The isolated and purifi ed pigment was characterized. The melanin content in the extracts on days 3, 6, 9, 12, and 16 of cultivation was calculated from the optical density at 460 nm and was 22.2, 38.3, 42.4, 46.8, 54.9 mg per 1 g of freeze-dried mycelial biomass, respectively. The increase in melanin content during the exponential growth, stationary, and dying stages of D. cannabinae BIM Y-383 culture manifested as an increase in the number of paramagnetic centers in the freeze-dried mycelium. The conducted studies revealed a high correlation between the melanin content in the obtained extracts calculated from its optical density at 460 nm and the content of paramagnetic centers in freeze-dried yeast mycelium samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 1","pages":"61 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. N. Nekrasova, Ya. V. Faletrov, V. M. Shkumatov, Ya. V. Dichenko, S. A. Usanov
{"title":"New Human CYP17A1 Fluorescent Ligands","authors":"G. N. Nekrasova, Ya. V. Faletrov, V. M. Shkumatov, Ya. V. Dichenko, S. A. Usanov","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02062-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02062-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Using a spectrophotometric titration approach, several fluorescent and profluorescent compounds were tested against human CYP17A1, a critical cytochrome P450 enzyme. It was found that 20α- and 20β-NBD derivatives of pregnenolone (NBD = 7-nitrobenzoxadiazole) bind to the active site of human CYP17A1 as a substrate with dissociation constants K<sub>d</sub> = 21.5 ± 3.1 μM (20α-NBD-preg) and K<sub>d</sub> = 19.8 ± 1.8 μM (20β-NBD-preg), respectively. These compounds were found not to be metabolized by the enzyme due to nonoptimal positioning of the ligands at the active site attributed to the presence of the bulky NBD group. The formation of a complex of the ligands with CYP17A1 leads to fluorescence quenching, which is stronger for the 20α isomer, possibly due to hydrogen bonding with Asn202 as found by molecular docking simulation. The identified ligands hold promise as leader compounds for the development of new molecular tools that can be used to study the mechanism of the action of human CYP17A1 and to search for high-affinity enzyme activity modulators with potential as effective new drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 1","pages":"86 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stability Indicating UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Method for the Estimation of Flunarizine Dihydrochloride Through Second-Order Derivative Spectroscopy","authors":"Hemant Ratre, Swati Pandey, Ravindra Kumar Pandey, Shiv Shankar Shukla","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02075-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02075-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The presented study is a simple, precise and accurate stability-indicating second-order UV derivative spectroscopic method that is being studied under the different stated International Council for Harmonization (ICH) Guidelines because of its forced-degradation properties, and to establish a validating method for flunarizine dihydrochloride in active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). Adhering to ICH guidelines, the analytical parameters, viz. linearity, range, precision, and accuracy, were validated. The method was based on thorough stress testing utilizing acid, base, thermal, photolytic and oxidative degradations, and it was found that a linear response is present in the concentration range of 10–60 μg/mL at 253 nm. The % relative standard deviation (RSD) for precision studies of interday and intraday were <1.29 and <1.17%, respectively. The developed analytical method for validating flunarizine dihydrochloride using second-order derivative spectroscopy is found to be simple and precise, and the percentage recovery was found to be within acceptable limits. It can be conveniently used for routine analysis. In the forced degradation studies of flunarizine dihydrochloride utilizing various parameters, such as acid, alkali, light and heat, the absorbance of the drug was noted to have decreased approximately 10% in both the formulation and the standard. Based on the results obtained, it was found that the proposed method is accurate, precise, and reproducible, and can be employed for quality control analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 1","pages":"197 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147562079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wentao Zhou, Lei Zhao, Guangxu Zeng, Dongpeng Tian, Junyi Zhu, Yuzhu Liu
{"title":"Online Detection of the Indoor Air Environment","authors":"Wentao Zhou, Lei Zhao, Guangxu Zeng, Dongpeng Tian, Junyi Zhu, Yuzhu Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02077-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02077-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nowadays, people spend a significant amount of time living and working indoors. For that, online detection and classification of different indoor air environments is of great importance, which is very challenging because of the lack of unified standards. In this study, a novel classification model based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and machine learning was established to detect indoor air environments. To study different indoor air environments, four different coatings or paints (rubber coating, wood coating, furniture paint, and interior paint) were taken as samples to ascertain the gas composition. The analysis of their spectra shows there are various metal elements in these gas compositions, including Ti, Ca, and Na. For volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in coatings or paints, the intensities of C, H, and O, which are VOCs’ main ingredients, are compared to determine if there is a certain difference. The results verify that LIBS could be used to detect different indoor air environments. Principal component analysis was used to distinguish the four indoor air environments, and the training data set was stored for further identification. Furthermore, a classification model was established based on the improved error back propagation artificial neural network (BP-ANN), achieving a recognition accuracy of 93.4%. After model training, the model's performance was tested using the spectra of different coatings or paints, and the recognition accuracy reached 98.2%. These results indicate that this method, combining LIBS and machine learning, has great potential for detecting the quality of the indoor air environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 1","pages":"216 - 225"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. V. Spirina, O. N. Tchaikovskaya, E. N. Bocharnikova, V. I. Solomonov, N. V. Yudina
{"title":"Transformation of Phenol in Solid Mixtures with Humic Acids During Electron Beam Irradiation","authors":"A. V. Spirina, O. N. Tchaikovskaya, E. N. Bocharnikova, V. I. Solomonov, N. V. Yudina","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02064-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02064-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pulsed cathodoluminescence spectra of solid phenol; humic acids isolated from oxidized brown coal (Mongolia, China), including those subjected to mechanical activation; and mixtures of humic acids with 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 wt.% of phenol were recorded. The spectra were recorded in the range from 350 to 850 nm with irradiation by an electron beam of 2 ns duration with an average energy of 170 keV. The number of irradiation pulses at a repetition rate of 1 Hz varied from 20 to 4000, while the absorbed dose from one pulse was ~1.4 kGy. It was shown that humic acids did not luminesce, although phenol emission did appear in the mixtures. The degree of phenol transformation in the mixtures under the action of the electron beam was determined by analyzing pulsed cathodoluminescence spectra. An intense band at 375 nm was due to a transition from the phenol <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> triplet state to the <i>S</i><sub>0</sub> ground state. Two bands at 395 and 475 nm were formed by transitions from the <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> state to the first and fourth vibrational levels of the <i>S</i><sub>0</sub> ground state. A long-wavelength band at 740 nm corresponded to a <i>T</i><sub><i>i</i></sub> → <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> transition. The behavior of the intensities of all four phenol luminescence bands became extreme, indicative of its transformation, with an increase in the number of irradiation pulses. The interaction of humic acids with phenol occurred through physical adsorption. The presence of humic acids in most samples inhibited the transformation of phenol molecules. The relative positions of the carboxyl functional group and the phenol molecule in the mixtures had an effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 1","pages":"103 - 110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Surfactants and Static Pressure on Sonoluminescence Brightness for Elemental Analysis","authors":"T. V. Gordeychuk, M. V. Kazachek","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02054-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02054-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use of sonoluminescence to determine elements in natural waters and artificial solutions faces challenges, the main one of which is the low intensity of spectral lines. In most cases, only the Na line at 590 nm is clearly visible. It has been found that adding surfactants to solutions of CaCl<sub>2</sub>, MnCl<sub>2</sub>, MgCl<sub>2</sub>, CuSO<sub>4</sub>, CrCl<sub>3</sub>, and seawater can sometimes enhance spectral lines, furthering the practical application of sonoluminescence for elemental analysis. A brief overview of other physicochemical methods for enhancing the brightness of spectral lines in sonoluminescence is provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 1","pages":"18 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spikeyolo-RS: Improved Spike-Convolution Neural Network for Remote Sensing Image Object Detection","authors":"Xianyi Wu, Sergey Ablameyko","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02063-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02063-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The problem of remote sensing image object detection is one of the important research contents of visual image recognition tasks. Compared with convolutional neural networks, the third-generation brain-like spike neural networks have great potential advantages for on-orbit processing of remote sensing images (RSI) due to its high energy efficiency and low consumption. This paper studies how to increase accuracy of SpikeYOLO for RSI analysis, and proposes an improvement method. First, a dynamic membrane potential attenuation mechanism is constructed and the fixed attenuation factor is reconstructed into a learnable parameter. Then, the membrane potential is updated through vectorized parallel computing. Learnable residual weights are introduced to improve the feature fusion capability and; finally, the calculation fl ow is adjusted. On the RSOD remote sensing dataset, we obtained 96.8% mAP50 and 64.8% mAP50:95, which are 6.7% and 2.3% higher than the previous state-of-the-art SpikeYOLO, respectively. On the NWPU-VHR-10 dataset, we obtained 92.8% mAP50, which is 1.5% higher than SpikeYOLO with the same architecture.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 1","pages":"94 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}