{"title":"Novel Green and QbD-Assisted UV Spectroscopic Method for Vanillic Acid Quantification in Bulk and Nanoformulation","authors":"A. A. Nagaprajwal, K. P. Sutar, A. M. Lad","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02163-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02163-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A green, stability-indicating UV-spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the quantification of vanillic acid (VA) in bulk and niosomal formulations within a Quality by Design (QbD) framework. This method utilizes a phosphate buffer (pH 6.8) as an eco-friendly solvent, in accordance with the principles of green analytical chemistry. Key analytical variables, such as sonication time and scanning interval, were optimized using a Design of Experiments (DoE) approach to enhance precision and robustness. The optimized method exhibited a maximum absorbance at 251 nm with excellent linearity over a concentration range of 2–16 μg/mL (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.999). Validation according to the ICH Q2(R1) guidelines demonstrated high accuracy (recoveries between 99.65–101.41%), precision (RSD < 2%), sensitivity (LOD = 0.229 μg/mL; LOQ = 0.694 μg/mL), and robustness under variable conditions. Forced degradation studies in acidic, basic, oxidative, and photolytic environments confirmed the stability of the method. The developed method was successfully applied to quantify VA-loaded niosomal formulations, yielding an entrapment efficiency of 82.76%. Greenness assessments (AGREE = 0.82; AGREEprep = 0.80) confirmed the sustainability of the method. Overall, this study establishes a novel, green, and QbD-driven analytical approach that offers reliability, regulatory compliance, and environmental responsibility for the routine quantification of VA in bulk and nanoformulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 4","pages":"898 - 907"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149125631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiong Chen, Cheng-Hao Liu, Yang Li, Wen-Ling Wang, Yan-Li Chen
{"title":"Selective Fluorescent Probe for Hydrogen Sulfide and its Application in Monitoring Food Freshness","authors":"Qiong Chen, Cheng-Hao Liu, Yang Li, Wen-Ling Wang, Yan-Li Chen","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02169-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02169-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S), a recognized toxic gas, has emerged as a key indicator of food spoilage and a potential threat to water safety. Herein, a new fluorescent probe PHZ was designed and synthesized for sensing H<sub>2</sub>S. When added to PBS (10 mM, pH 7.40) solution, the probe PHZ exhibited a remarkable \"turn-on\" emission response at 450 nm producing a significant blue fluorescence. The probe PHZ demonstrated excellent selectivity and anti-interference performance in complex environments. It also exhibited good sensitivity for the detection of H<sub>2</sub>S; however, detection was limited to 0.23 μM. Moreover, the probe PHZ was successfully used for the detection of H<sub>2</sub>S in environmental water samples and monitoring food spoilage process. In summary, this study highlights the potential of fluorescent probes like PHZ for evaluating environmental water pollution and food freshness.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 4","pages":"956 - 963"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149125628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Laser-Induced Fluorescence in Cesium Atomic Vapors Caused by 456-nm Radiation","authors":"A. Sargsyan","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02145-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02145-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) in the wavelength range 400–1000 nm was studied using narrow-band laser radiation with a wavelength of 456 nm, resonating with the 6S<sub>1/2</sub> → 7P<sub>3/2</sub> transition of Cs atoms. A T-shaped cell made entirely of technical sapphire with length L = 1 cm, containing cesium atomic vapors, and capable of operating successfully at temperatures up to 450°C was used. The amount of residual Rb atomic vapors could be estimated by recording the LIF signal. The Cs-based cell could serve as an effective optical filter-converter of blue into red radiation.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 4","pages":"756 - 760"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149125629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development and Validation of a First Derivative UV-Visible Spectrophotometric Method for the Quantification of Tyramine in Fermented Foods with Greenness Evaluation","authors":"Charumathi Salva, Keerthika Akula, Bhavyasri Khagga","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02164-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02164-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A new UV-visible spectrophotometric method using the first derivative has been established for the selective measurement of tyramine in fermented food samples, successfully minimizing interference from histamine. This method has been validated following ICH Q2(R2) standards, showing excellent linearity between 10 and 18 μg/mL, with a limit of detection (LOD) at 0.401 μg/mL and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.217 μg/mL, confirming its sensitivity and dependability for routine testing. An evaluation of the method's environmental impact using AGREE (0.66), BAGI (62.5), and MoGAPI (74) tools revealed a favorable level of greenness, particularly regarding energy efficiency, minimal sample preparation, and safe preservation, despite certain less eco-friendly elements associated with methanol and trichloroacetic acid due to their harmful nature. In conclusion, this method offers a simple, accurate, and reproducible way to measure tyramine in fermented foods, providing important insights into environmental performance and supporting sustainable practices in food analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 4","pages":"908 - 917"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149125702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sh. Saidkulova, F. Ruziyev, L. Nurumbetova, I. Boynazarov, J. Hu, S. Li, A. Saparbaev
{"title":"Influence of Active Layer and Cathode Thickness on the Efficiency of Semi-Transparent Organic Solar Cells","authors":"Sh. Saidkulova, F. Ruziyev, L. Nurumbetova, I. Boynazarov, J. Hu, S. Li, A. Saparbaev","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02148-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02148-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The optical and photoelectrical properties of active layers of various thicknesses fabricated using the D18 donor polymer and the Y6 acceptor were analyzed. The light-absorption efficiency and charge-carrier separation capability of the D18:Y6 blend were investigated based on the absorption, photoluminescence, and external quantum efficiency spectra. The optimal active-layer thickness was shown to be 90 nm for semi-transparent organic solar cells (ST-OSCs). The D18:Y6 active layer is a highly efficient, stable, and promising material for ST-OSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 4","pages":"775 - 782"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149125691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ch. A. Mammadova, G. R. Mugalova, F. S. Aliyeva, F.É. Huseynov, F. M. Chyragov
{"title":"Spectrophotometric Determination of Erbium(III) Ions with 3-[2-Hydroxy-3-Sulfo-5-Nitrophenylazo]Pentane-2,4-Dione","authors":"Ch. A. Mammadova, G. R. Mugalova, F. S. Aliyeva, F.É. Huseynov, F. M. Chyragov","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02146-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02146-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A simple, rapid, sensitive, and economical spectrophotometric method is described for the determination of erbium(III) ions using 3-[2-hydroxy-3-sulfo-5-nitrophenylazo]pentane-2,4-dione (R) in the presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMABr) as a cationic surfactant. Optimal complexation conditions (λ<sub>opt</sub>, pH<sub>opt</sub>) for homoleptic (Er(III)–R) and mixed-ligand complexes (Er(III)–R–CTMABr) were determined. The Er(III)–R complex exhibits maximum light absorption at 417 nm, while the Er(III)–R–CTMABr complex has maximum absorption at 426 nm. The molar extinction coefficient for the Er(III)–R complex is 0.92·10<sup>4</sup>, while the corresponding value for Er(III)–R–CTMABr is 1.78·10<sup>4</sup>. The optimal pH value for the complex formation of Er(III)–R is 8, while this value for Er(III)–R–CTMABr is 6. In the presence of CTMABr, the optical density of the complex is significantly enhanced, while the optical pH value for complex formation is shifted to the acidic region. The region of conformity to the Bouguer–Lambert–Beer law is linear in the erbium ion concentration range from 1.34 to 5.30 μg/mL for Er(III)–R and from 0.62 to 6.65 μg/mL for Er(III)–R–CTMABr. The stoichiometric ratio fo the components in the complexes was confirmed using the isomolar series method, Starik–Barbanel relative yield approach, and the equilibrium shift method. These methods confirmed the formation of complexes with component ratios Er(III):R = 1:2 and Er(III):R:CTMABr = 1:1:1. The effect of a series of extraneous ions on the formation of the Er(III) complexes was studied. The proposed method was used to determine trace amounts of Er(III) in volcanic rocks.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 4","pages":"761 - 766"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149125694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. A. Bosak, A. N. Chumakov, A. A. Ivanov, V. V. Kiris, A. A. Shevchenok, A. V. Buka
{"title":"Features of Near-Surface Plasma Formation During Bichromatic Laser Impact on Yttrium Vanadate in Air","authors":"N. A. Bosak, A. N. Chumakov, A. A. Ivanov, V. V. Kiris, A. A. Shevchenok, A. V. Buka","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02150-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02150-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The structure of a near-surface plasma formation and plasma spectra were experimentally studied as functions of the time interval between laser pulses and their sequence with two-pulse laser action at radiation wavelengths of 1064 and 532 nm on an yttrium vanadate YVO<sub>4</sub> target in air. The dependences of the laser plasma temperature on the parameters of paired laser pulses were established at power densities q<sub>1064</sub> = 3.1·10<sup>9</sup> W/cm<sup>2</sup> and q<sub>532</sub> = 2.7·10<sup>9</sup> W/cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. The optimal conditions for achieving the maximum temperature T<sub>e</sub> ~1·10<sup>4</sup> K were shown to be leading action of laser radiation pulses with a wavelength of 1064 nm and a time interval between pulses of ~6 μs. The maximum electron density ~N<sub>e</sub> = 1.1·10<sup>17</sup> cm<sup>–3</sup> was achieved with a time interval of ~15 μs.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 4","pages":"792 - 798"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149125696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guowei Hu, Xiaohuan Wang, Zhipeng Yuan, You Guo, Congjie Yang
{"title":"A CuS/Fe2TiO5 Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B","authors":"Guowei Hu, Xiaohuan Wang, Zhipeng Yuan, You Guo, Congjie Yang","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02162-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02162-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Constructing heterojunctions is important for improving the photocatalytic performance of materials. In this study, porous Fe<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>5</sub> was prepared via a sol-gel method, and CuS was grown in situ on its surface through a hydrothermal process, thereby successfully synthesizing CuS/Fe<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>5</sub> heterojunction composites. The CuS/Fe<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>5</sub> composites were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. The results indicated that CuS is uniformly loaded on the surface of Fe<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>5</sub>, with lattice spacings of 0.3550 and 0.2972 nm corresponding to CuS and Fe<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>5</sub>, respectively, and no impurity phases were observed. Heterojunction construction induced distortion of the TiO<sub>6</sub> octahedra at the interface, resulting in the emergence of a new absorption peak in the ultraviolet region. Among the samples, the 20 wt.% CuS/Fe<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>5</sub> (denoted as 20CuF<sub>2</sub>) composite exhibited a specific surface area (S<sub>BET</sub> = 6.17 m<sup>2</sup>/g) between those of CuS (S<sub>BET</sub> = 4.87 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and Fe<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>5</sub> (S<sub>BET</sub> = 7.71 m<sup>2</sup>/g). Its bandgap was tuned to 1.78 eV, and the photoluminescence intensity was significantly reduced. A CuS/Fe<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>5</sub> heterojunction composite was applied to facilitate the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB), achieving a degradation efficiency of 91.8%. The heterojunction catalysts developed in this study enable the effective degradation of pollutants in wastewater, providing a feasible technical reference for catalyst development and application.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 4","pages":"888 - 897"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149125625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sub-Doppler Absorption Resonances Caused by Pumping of Atoms with Evanescent Radiation in Thin Gas Cells","authors":"A. Ch. Izmailov","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02144-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02144-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>New nontrivial sub-Doppler absorption resonances caused directly by steady-state optical pumping of atoms by evanescent radiation in thin cells with a rarefied gas medium were theoretically established and studied. The dependences of these resonances on the intensity of such evanescent pumping and its penetration depth into the gas were analyzed. The possibility of detecting these resonances using previously developed, well-tested laser spectroscopy methods in such thin gas cells was substantiated. The established sub-Doppler resonances could provide important information about the mechanism of atom–surface interaction and the properties of evanescent waves.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 4","pages":"750 - 755"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149125690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Salam Khrissi, Mustapha Haddad, Lahcen Bejjit, Saadia Ait Lyazidi, Mohamed El Amraoui, Houda Lifi, Christophe Falguères
{"title":"Spectroscopy of Moroccan Marbles and Ornamental Stones","authors":"Salam Khrissi, Mustapha Haddad, Lahcen Bejjit, Saadia Ait Lyazidi, Mohamed El Amraoui, Houda Lifi, Christophe Falguères","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02159-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02159-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The physical characteristics of several series of marble samples taken from different regions of Morocco were experimentally determined. These characteristics include optical, elemental, and crystalline properties. The marbles and stones analyzed exhibited a variety of colors, including gray, white, black, yellow, and brown. For reference purposes, three white marble samples from Carrara, Italy; Drama; and Kozani, Greece were studied under the same conditions. A white marble sample from the 18th-century Moulay Ismail Mausoleum in Meknes was also studied under the same conditions. Using optical absorption spectroscopy, we identified bands attributed to ferrous and ferric ions (Fe<sup>2+</sup> and Fe<sup>3+</sup>), which play a fundamental role in marble coloring. Other bands alongside long wavelengths were identified in accordance with crystalline and elemental studies and attributed to carbonates. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra revealed varying concentrations of Mn<sup>2+</sup> ions in all the marbles studied. EPR lines attributed to Fe<sup>3+</sup> ions distinguished ions resulting from Ca<sup>2+</sup> substitution in the calcite lattice from those in iron oxides, clay minerals, and silicates. These identified ions are considered chromogenic elements responsible for the marbles' coloration.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 4","pages":"863 - 871"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149125700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}