{"title":"Polarization Switching Mechanism in Semiconductor Surface-Emitting Lasers","authors":"L. I. Burov, E. S. Voropay","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02055-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02055-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The polarization switching process in long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) was numerically modeled based on the previously developed method for describing polarized radiation formation in laser systems. An analysis of the results for the output power, power of polarization modes, and degree of polarization showed that, in this case, there were no fundamental differences from the case of short-wavelength VCSELs that were studied earlier. This allowed a number of general conclusions regarding the mechanisms and dynamics of polarization characteristic formation in VCSELs to be formulated, the main one being the assertion that the polarization switching process in VCSELs is a totally deterministic process transitioning from one limiting polarization to an orthogonal one through a sequence of partially polarized states with a small change in current in the polarization switching region.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 1","pages":"24 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Binoy Krishna De, Pragati Sharma, Divya Jangra, Praveen Kumar Velpula, Vasant G. Sathe
{"title":"Study on the Experimental Accuracy of Raman Spectral Parameters","authors":"Binoy Krishna De, Pragati Sharma, Divya Jangra, Praveen Kumar Velpula, Vasant G. Sathe","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02070-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02070-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Raman spectroscopy is considered an essential spectroscopic technique due to its simplicity, nondestructive nature, and ability to provide molecular fingerprinting. These qualities make it applicable across numerous research fields. Accurate Raman data analysis can uncover remarkable sub-microscopic phenomena such as local structural changes, electron–phonon and spin–phonon coupling, and ionic displacements. Therefore, understanding the precision involved in collecting and analyzing Raman data has become critically important. Omitting proper calibration and validation methods can lead to significant errors. In this article, we present a study on how improper validation methods of a spectrometer and inaccurate data fitting can cause substantial inaccuracies in spectral parameters. We demonstrate that the accuracy of Raman spectral parameters heavily relies on the spectrometer's validation process, the choice of fitting function, and the consideration of errors caused by instrument randomness and resolution. Additionally, our study offers a method for assessing the uncertainty of Raman spectral parameters for a given spectrometer system. This is crucial for optimization, especially when dealing with subtle changes in spectral parameters to reduce inaccuracies.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 1","pages":"141 - 149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. L. Stepanov, A. M. Rogov, V. F. Sotnikova, V. F. Valeev, V. I. Nuzhdin, D. A. Konovalov
{"title":"Creation of an Optical Profile Diffraction Grating Made with Nanoporous Germanium by Sputtering with Bismuth Ions","authors":"A. L. Stepanov, A. M. Rogov, V. F. Sotnikova, V. F. Valeev, V. I. Nuzhdin, D. A. Konovalov","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02066-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02066-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A method is proposed for creating an optical profile diffraction grating consisting of nanoporous germanium (Ge) layers by sputtering a single-crystal c-Ge substrate by Bi<sup>+</sup> ions at energy E = 18 keV, ion beam current density J = 5 μA/cm<sup>2</sup>, and dose range D = 2.5·10<sup>16</sup>–1.0∙10<sup>17</sup> ions/cm<sup>2</sup> through a copper mesh mask with square cells with length 20 μm. During the ion sputtering, cGe is sputtered in unmasked areas of the irradiated c-Ge leading to formation of a nanoporous Bi:PGe layer. The formation of periodic Bi:PGe microstructures on the c-Ge surface was monitored using optical, electron, and probe microscopy. The operation of this diffraction grating was demonstrated by probing it with helium-neon laser radiation at wavelength 632.8 nm in the optical spectral range.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 1","pages":"117 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analytical Quality by Design Assisted Spectroscopic Method Development for Estimation of Clevidipine Butyrate in Synthetic Mixture in Application to Greenness Study","authors":"Shrutika Desai, Rohan Mane, Ajay Munde, Pranabesh Sikdar, Charu Chandrakant Mehta","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02071-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02071-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two simple, rapid, cost-effective, precise, and accurate UV spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the estimation of Clevidipine butyrate, a dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive agent, using an analytical quality by design approach. The characterization of Clevidipine butyrate was performed by melting point, differential scanning calorimetry, and FT-IR techniques. Using the analytical quality-by-design approach, the critical method variables selected were scanning speed and sampling interval via Central Composite Design, which demonstrated the work's resilience and optimised methodology. A method for UV spectroscopy was developed using two methods — method I, based on the maxima absorption method of zero-order spectrophotometrics with λ<sub>max</sub> of 238 and 362 nm, and method II, based on the zero-order area under curve method, wavelength range 233–243 and 353–371 nm, respectively. Both the developed methods were subjected to validation as per the guidelines set by the ICH. The methods showed good linearity in the concentration, ranging from 2 to 12 μg/mL, while the % Recovery of the developed methods was in a range of 98.41–100%. The methods showed good sensitivity and appropriate precision with an RSD less than 2%, and the methods were applied for determination of the Clevidipine synthetic mixture. The developed method's greenness profile was evaluated and compared using the AGREE and MoGAPI tools and were found to be in compliance with twelve principles of green analytical chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 1","pages":"158 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Eco-Friendly UV Spectroscopic Method for Precise Quantification of Daprodustat in Pharmaceuticals","authors":"Shreya Deshmukh, Priti Mohite, Shreyas Talim, Yash Jaiswal, Dhrruv Shah, Aditya Umrethwala, Sanjay Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02069-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02069-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Daprodustat is a new hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor (HIF-PHI) and a novel medication for treating chronic kidney disease anaemia. Daprodustat boosts endogenous erythropoietin production, regulates iron metabolism, and is an alternative erythropoiesis-stimulating agent. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a simple, accurate, and environmentally friendly ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopic method for the quantitative analysis of daprodustat in pharmaceutical formulations. The UV spectrophotometric method was prepared using methanol as the solvent and validated according to the International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) Q2 (R2) guidelines. The process was tested for linearity, precision, accuracy, robustness, limit of detection (LOD), and quantification (LOQ). Daprodustat showed maximum absorbance λ<sub>max</sub> = 261.45 nm in methanol. The linearity range was 4–16 μg/mL, with a regression equation of y = 0.0577x + 0.0477 and a correlation coefficient R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9983. The procedure demonstrated excellent precision (relative standard deviation (%RSD) < 2%) and recovery at 98–99%. The LOD and LOQ were 0.672 μg/mL and 2.0 μg/mL, respectively. The new UV spectrophotometric method for quantifying daprodustat in solid dispersions proved simple, accurate, and precise. Environmental sustainability was assessed using Analytical GREEness (AGREE) and the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI). Accordingly, this validated UV spectroscopic method can be effectively used for routine quality control analysis of daprodustat in solid dispersions, providing a cost-effective and sustainable approach to analytical evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 1","pages":"150 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Derivative Spectrophotometric Methods for Estimation of Seratrodast in Bulk and in Formulation","authors":"Kanade Krushna Devrao, Alka Bali, Priyanshi Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02072-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02072-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Seratrodast is a 1,4-benzoquinone derivative belonging to the class of thromboxane A2 (TXA2) receptor antagonists and is employed for prophylactic management of asthma. The present report describes the validation of quick, simple, sensitive, and cost-effective zero-order, first-order, and second-order derivative spectrophotometric methods for the estimation of seratrodast in bulk and in its marketed tablet formulation. Exhaustive spectrophotometric analysis of the drug was carried out using a total of 23 parametric variations, which were evaluated in acetonitrile. Three selected method variants were assessed for their stability, indicating potential regarding stress-degraded solutions of the drug. The developed methods were validated with respect to linearity, accuracy, precision, and robustness. Excellent linearity was observed in the concentration range of 5.0–50.0 μg/mL with correlation coefficients above 0.999. The limits of detection were found to range from 0.54 to 0.70 μg/mL, and quantitation limits ranged from 1.66 to 2.14 μg/mL for the proposed method variants. The proposed methods were also employed for the assay of seratrodast in its marketed tablet formulation, and good recoveries ranging from 96.23 to 98.68% were obtained.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 1","pages":"170 - 177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multipass Excitation System for Raman Spectroscopy of Gases","authors":"M. A. Kostenko, D. V. Petrov","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02065-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02065-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper presents an optical system designed to improve the sensitivity of compact Raman gas analyzers based on multimode diode lasers. The factors that influence its effectiveness are considered. It is shown that the application of such a multipass system increases in the intensity of Raman signals by more than 4 times. The conditions for increasing this gain are given.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 1","pages":"111 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Jayaprada, R. K. N. R. Manepalli, K. Koteswara Rao, M. C. Rao, T. Satyanarayana, Y. Subbareddy, N. Usha Rani, Ravindranadh Koutavarapu, M. Tanooj Kumar
{"title":"Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles Dispersed in p–n-Undecyloxy Benzoic Acid Liquid Crystalline Compounds: Optical and Order Parameter Studies","authors":"P. Jayaprada, R. K. N. R. Manepalli, K. Koteswara Rao, M. C. Rao, T. Satyanarayana, Y. Subbareddy, N. Usha Rani, Ravindranadh Koutavarapu, M. Tanooj Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02078-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02078-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents the optical and order parameter studies of a mixture of liquid crystalline (LC) materials, such as p–n-undecyloxy benzoic acid (11OBA), including the incorporation of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) at different weight concentrations (0.5–2 wt.%). Studies, including optical absorption, photoluminescence (PL), birefringence, refractive indices, and order parameters, were undertaken on the prepared samples. A prominent absorption peak was observed approximately at 235 nm for both the pure and nano-dispersed liquid crystal samples. The PL spectra exhibit two distinct peaks, located at 367 and 618 nm, whereas ZnO NPs dispersed 11OBA showed a single peak at 392 nm. The peak observed at 367 nm is attributed to near-band-edge emission of free excitons, whereas the peak at 618 nm is indicative of deep-level emission, resulting from point defects such as vacancies and interstitials within the bandgap. The order of parameter values are also calculated for the mixture of the 11OBA LC compound dispersed with ZnO NPs using different models like Kuczynksi, Haller extrapolation, effective geometry, and Vuks at a stabilized nematic region in the visible range at 460-, 500-, 570-, and 635-nm wavelengths.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 1","pages":"226 - 237"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Breathing Dynamics of Cosh-Gaussian Laser Beams in Cubic-Quintic Media with Axially Modulated Quintic Nonlinearity","authors":"A. K. Alex, D. Kumar, N. Gupta","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02068-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02068-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The breathing behavior of Cosh-Gaussian laser beams is examined in the context of cubic-quintic nonlinear media, where the quintic nonlinearity is modulated along the propagation axis. Using the method of moments, evolution equations are derived to describe the beam's spatial dynamics. The impact of this axial modulation on beam stability and oscillatory behavior is analyzed, revealing that controlled variation of the quintic term enables tunable breathing patterns. These modulated dynamics offer a flexible mechanism for managing beam propagation in nonlinear environments, with potential applications in laser beam shaping, optical filament control, and the design of nonlinear photonic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 1","pages":"127 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. V. Korzhik, E. A. Amelina, M. A. Artemyeva, L. A. Balyan, A. G. Bondarau, A. N. Vasil’ev, V. D. Grigorieva, A. P. Eliseyev, A. B. Kuznetsov, I. Yu. Komendo, V. A. Mechinsky, A. L. Mikhlin, A. G. Postupaeva, V. N. Shlegel
{"title":"New Approach to Tuning the Scintillation Parameters of PBWO4 Crystals to Expand the Energy Range for γ-ray Detection","authors":"M. V. Korzhik, E. A. Amelina, M. A. Artemyeva, L. A. Balyan, A. G. Bondarau, A. N. Vasil’ev, V. D. Grigorieva, A. P. Eliseyev, A. B. Kuznetsov, I. Yu. Komendo, V. A. Mechinsky, A. L. Mikhlin, A. G. Postupaeva, V. N. Shlegel","doi":"10.1007/s10812-026-02067-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10812-026-02067-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The introduction of strontium ions into lead tungstate PbWO<sub>4</sub> (PWO) was shown to permit broad variation of the scintillation light yield, temperature dependence of this yield, and the luminescence kinetics; the strontium ions isomorphically replace lead ions in the crystal lattice. With 10% substitution of the lead ions in the crystal lattice, (Pb,Sr)WO<sub>4</sub> has a scintillation light yield of 1000 ph/MeV (ph = photons) and a predominant constant of scintillation decay kinetics of 40 ns, while the temperature dependence of scintillation yield is close to that for the initial PWO material. On the other hand, the scintillation light yield reaches 10,000 ph/MeV in the compound with 80% strontium replacing lead and the decay constant is 600 ns. In this case, the scintillation light yield at 300–400 K is characterized by a temperature coefficient equal to –0.6 K. The compound with 10% strontium is of interest for highenergy physics experiments including spectroscopy starting from 10 MeV without detector cooling. The compound with 80% strontium holds promise for use in spectroscopy for geological exploration and well logging, where work at elevated high temperatures is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":609,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Applied Spectroscopy","volume":"93 1","pages":"121 - 126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147561759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}