IF 2.3 4区材料科学

JOM Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1007/s11837-025-07516-7

Mohamed Manoua, Naoual Al Armouzi, Ahmed Liba

{"title":"Zinc Oxide in Solar Cells: A Comprehensive Review on Its Dual Role as an Emitter and Antireflection Layer","authors":"Mohamed Manoua, Naoual Al Armouzi, Ahmed Liba","doi":"10.1007/s11837-025-07516-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11837-025-07516-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Zinc oxide (ZnO) has emerged as a multifunctional material in solar cell applications due to its high transmittance in the visible range, wide bandgap, and excellent electrical conductivity. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of ZnO’s dual role as an emitter and antireflection layer, highlighting the technical strategies for enhancing its performance and the challenges faced in advanced solar cell architectures. As an emitter layer, ZnO facilitates effective charge separation and transport, which can be further optimized through strategic doping and interface engineering. High refractive index of ZnO thin films further enables it to act as an efficient antireflection coating, reducing light loss and enhancing photon absorption in the underlying absorber layers. However, achieving optimal interfaces with various absorber materials and scaling up ZnO layers present technical and cost-related challenges. Notable conversion efficiencies of 14%, 19.7%, and 17.9% have been demonstrated for ZnO/p-Si, ZnO/p-GaAs, and ZnO/p-CdTe heterojunction solar cells, respectively. Furthermore, several solar cell structures have shown significant improvements in photovoltaic performance when ZnO is used as an antireflection coating compared to uncoated structures.</div>","PeriodicalId":605,"journal":{"name":"JOM","volume":"77 9","pages":"6535 - 6549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144897158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

One-Step Calcification–Biomaterialization Transformation Process for Treating High-Iron Bauxite Ore 处理高铁铝土矿的一步钙化-生物物化转化工艺

IF 2.3 4区材料科学

JOM Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11837-025-07507-8

Yifan Fu, Yiyong Wang, Zhe Ning, Xingjian Wang, Qiushi Chai, Renyun Zhang

{"title":"One-Step Calcification–Biomaterialization Transformation Process for Treating High-Iron Bauxite Ore","authors":"Yifan Fu, Yiyong Wang, Zhe Ning, Xingjian Wang, Qiushi Chai, Renyun Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11837-025-07507-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11837-025-07507-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Regarding the problems of low aluminum–iron separation efficiency and serious pollution of red mud emission in the traditional treatment process of high iron bauxite, this study adopts an innovative one-step calcification–biomassification transformation means to treat high-iron bauxite, which synchronously realizes the dissolution of high-iron bauxite, the transformation of calcification, and the magnetic transformation of the iron phase. At the optimal reduction conditions with an experimental temperature of 280 °C, a Na2O concentration of 250 g/L, a Ca/Si of 1.5, an L/S of 4, and a biomass ratio of 1:4, the dissolution rate of Al2O3 in the transformed slag reached 89.7%. All of the Fe2O3 was reduced to Fe3O4. In addition, the red mud, ω(Na2O), produced by treating bauxite ore by this method was reduced to 0.38 wt%, which can be used in the fields of construction and environmental protection to make cement, adsorbents, and other materials. This study provides a theoretical foundation and technological framework for the eco-friendly low-carbon processing of high-iron bauxite, while advancing the development of a circular economy model characterized by “waste-to-resource utilization in mineral processing”.</div>","PeriodicalId":605,"journal":{"name":"JOM","volume":"77 9","pages":"6711 - 6726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144897153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metallurgical Characteristics of Reaction Between Quenching and Partitioning Steel and CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO Slag 淬火分块钢与CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO渣反应的冶金特性

IF 2.3 4区材料科学

JOM Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11837-025-07484-y

Hang Ding, Huixiang Yu, Zhaoping Chen, Guosen Zhu

{"title":"Metallurgical Characteristics of Reaction Between Quenching and Partitioning Steel and CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-MgO Slag","authors":"Hang Ding, Huixiang Yu, Zhaoping Chen, Guosen Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s11837-025-07484-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11837-025-07484-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div>To clarify the effect of slag/steel reaction on chemical compositions and inclusions of quenching and partitioning steel, the equilibrium experiments were carried out between 0.19C-1.7Si-2.7Mn-Al steel with two Al contents (initial content was 0.03% and 1.42%.) and 66.4wt%CaO-27.6wt%Al2O3-3wt%MgO-3wt%SiO2 slag. The results showed that, after the slag/steel reaction for low Al steel, the Al content increased from 0.03 to 0.062%, and Si decreased from 1.74% to 1.64%. The content of Al2O3 and SiO2 in the slag changed from 27.6 to 27.31% and 3% to 5.61%, respectively. For high Al steel, the Al decreased from 1.42% to 0.97% and Si increased from 1.73% to 1.83%. The Al2O3 and SiO2 varied from 27.6% to 28.52% and 3% to 2.21%, respectively. The above trend of composition variation agreed well with the results calculated by FactSage. The main inclusions in the low Al steel were MnS before the reaction which changed to MgO after the reaction. For high Al steel, the main inclusions transformed from MnS and AlN to CaO-MgO-Al2O3. Thermodynamic calculations indicated that the main reducing agent was Si in the slag/steel reaction for the low Al steel, whereas it changed to Al for the high Al steel, which resulted in the differences of composition change and inclusion transformation for the steel with two Al contents.</div>","PeriodicalId":605,"journal":{"name":"JOM","volume":"77 8","pages":"6071 - 6082"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145168822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Phase and Microstructure Evolutions of Vanadium Slag During Sodium Roasting 钒渣钠焙烧过程中物相及显微组织演变

IF 2.3 4区材料科学

JOM Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11837-025-07510-z

Qingnan Cao, Mi Zhou, Lin Jiang, Shike Zhang, Wenyi He, Guangchao Du

{"title":"Phase and Microstructure Evolutions of Vanadium Slag During Sodium Roasting","authors":"Qingnan Cao, Mi Zhou, Lin Jiang, Shike Zhang, Wenyi He, Guangchao Du","doi":"10.1007/s11837-025-07510-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11837-025-07510-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The phase decomposition and microstructure evolutions of vanadium slag during sodium roasting, a critical step in industrial vanadium extraction, have been investigated in detail. The thermodynamic analysis indicates good feasibility for oxidizing the phases in vanadium slag, with liquid phases like sodium metavanadate (NaVO3) formed. The experimental results show that higher temperatures (800–900 °C) facilitate complete decomposition of the original phases in vanadium slag, and promote formation of the liquid phases beneficial for separation of vanadium (V) and iron (Fe). Meanwhile, competition for sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) between vanadium spinels and silicates occurs during roasting. Insufficient Na2CO3 addition causes generation of water-insoluble calcium and manganese metavanadates. Furthermore, the oxidation of Fe-containing phases (e.g. vanadium spinels and iron olivine) and inner diffusion of sodium ions (Na+) in the liquid phases dominate the roasting process. The oxidation of vanadium spinels and iron olivine produces abundant micropores in vanadium slag. Then, Na+ diffuses through the micropores and combines with the decomposed intermediates, with NaVO3, ferric oxide (Fe2O3), pseudobrookite (Fe2TiO5), acmite (NaFeSi2O6), and albite (NaAlSi3O8) finally formed at 800 °C for 60 min (alkali ratio of 1.4). These findings provide valuable insights into both fundamental research and engineering optimizations for vanadium extraction.</div>","PeriodicalId":605,"journal":{"name":"JOM","volume":"77 9","pages":"6679 - 6693"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144897152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Isothermal Phase Relations in the SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-5wt.% CaO System at 1400°C: Implications for Refractory Material Design SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-5wt的等温相关系。1400℃下的CaO体系：对耐火材料设计的启示

IF 2.3 4区材料科学

JOM Pub Date : 2025-06-23 DOI: 10.1007/s11837-025-07527-4

Ningning Lv, Yuchao Qiu, Xiaoyu Gong, Junjie Shi, Yuxi Wu

{"title":"Isothermal Phase Relations in the SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-5wt.% CaO System at 1400°C: Implications for Refractory Material Design","authors":"Ningning Lv, Yuchao Qiu, Xiaoyu Gong, Junjie Shi, Yuxi Wu","doi":"10.1007/s11837-025-07527-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11837-025-07527-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Understanding the phase equilibrium relationships in multi-component oxide systems is essential for the design and performance optimization of advanced refractory materials used in high-temperature industrial processes. In this study, the equilibrium phase relations of the SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-5wt.% CaO system at 1400°C were experimentally determined in ambient air using the high temperature equilibration-quenching technique. The solid phases of Mg2SiO4, MgSiO3, Mullite, MgAl2O4 and SiO2 were found to be coexisting with liquid phase. Furthermore, it was concluded that additional optimization is necessary to update the existing oxide thermodynamic database, which was proved by the comparison of the current results with thermodynamic calculations by FactSage. The findings of this study provide critical phase equilibrium data for the SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-CaO system, thereby contributing to the accurate modeling and rational design of refractory materials under high-temperature conditions.</div>","PeriodicalId":605,"journal":{"name":"JOM","volume":"77 9","pages":"6571 - 6576"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144897151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-Performance Proton Conductor BaZr0.8Y0.1Yb0.1O3–δ for Hydrogen Separation: Effects of Co-doping Strategy of Y and Yb on Grain Boundary Properties 用于氢分离的高性能质子导体BaZr0.8Y0.1Yb0.1O3 -δ: Y和Yb共掺杂策略对晶界性能的影响

IF 2.3 4区材料科学

JOM Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11837-025-07503-y

Xinyu Cai, Ying Li, Lixin Yang

{"title":"High-Performance Proton Conductor BaZr0.8Y0.1Yb0.1O3–δ for Hydrogen Separation: Effects of Co-doping Strategy of Y and Yb on Grain Boundary Properties","authors":"Xinyu Cai, Ying Li, Lixin Yang","doi":"10.1007/s11837-025-07503-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11837-025-07503-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div>In this work, BaZr0.8Y0.2O3–δ (BZY), BaZr0.8Y0.1Yb0.1O3–δ (BZYYb), and BaZr0.8Yb0.2O3–δ (BZYb) proton conductors were prepared via the solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction results indicate that BZY, BZYYb, and BZYb were successfully synthesized, and all three samples exhibited a dense appearance. For BZYYb co-doped with Y and Yb, the conductivity in wet air (0.0019 atm H2O partial pressure) at 800°C reached 5.5 × 10−3 S cm−1, demonstrating superior electrochemical performance among the three samples. To further investigate this result, the grain boundary properties of BZY, BZYYb, and BZYb were studied by analyzing relaxation time distribution. The results show that the grain boundary resistance of BZYYb is 461 Ω at 600°C, smaller than those of single-doped BZY and BZYb. At 800°C, the hydrogen flux of BZYYb was 0.0034 mL cm−2 min−1. Overall, BZYYb, with its high proton conductivity, is a potential material for hydrogen separation applications.</div>","PeriodicalId":605,"journal":{"name":"JOM","volume":"77 9","pages":"6559 - 6570"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144897062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Construction of High Stability Titanium Dioxide/Carbon Nanotube Anode Material Based on Titanium-Containing Blast Furnace Slag 基于含钛高炉渣的高稳定性二氧化钛/碳纳米管负极材料的构建

IF 2.3 4区材料科学

JOM Pub Date : 2025-06-19 DOI: 10.1007/s11837-025-07495-9

Juan Yu, Wenxin Tian, Haiyang Xu, Hao Zhang, Zhiyuan Ma

引用次数: 0

In Situ Separation and Structural Characterization of Various Cr-Spinel Crystals from Cr-Bearing Slag 含铬渣中不同cr尖晶石晶体的原位分离及结构表征

IF 2.3 4区材料科学

JOM Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11837-025-07499-5

Xi Lan, Jintao Gao, Guoliang Feng, Zhancheng Guo

{"title":"In Situ Separation and Structural Characterization of Various Cr-Spinel Crystals from Cr-Bearing Slag","authors":"Xi Lan, Jintao Gao, Guoliang Feng, Zhancheng Guo","doi":"10.1007/s11837-025-07499-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11837-025-07499-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Chromium (Cr)-bearing slag is a significant waste product associated with stainless steel production. Cr-spinel is a prominent Cr-bearing solidification phase in the slag, while the lack of basic data for Cr-spinel severely limits the sustainable utilization of Cr-bearing slag. In this study, the in situ separation of Fe-Cr/Mn-Cr/Mg-Cr-spinel crystals from the Cr-bearing slag was first conducted using super-gravity technology. The Cr2O3 content in the separated slag phase diminished from 4.36% to 1.74%, while the recovery ratio of Cr surged from 53.71% to 80.91%. Subsequently, the structural characterization of various high-purity Cr-spinel crystals was performed through Rietveld refinement of XRD data to determine the basic lattice parameters of Cr-spinel crystals. Additionally, the leaching of Cr from various Cr-spinels was measured to compare their solidification capacity. The results indicated significant differences in the Cr immobilization effects among different Cr-spinels, with the order being MnCr1.93Al0.07O4 < FeCr1.94Al0.06O4 < MgCr1.89Al0.11O4. The findings of this research can serve as a theoretical foundation for the detoxification and utilization of Cr-bearing slag.</div>","PeriodicalId":605,"journal":{"name":"JOM","volume":"77 8","pages":"5984 - 5992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gold Recovery in Heap Leaching of Old Mine Tailings Using Chloride Solution 利用氯化物溶液回收老尾矿堆浸金

IF 2.3 4区材料科学

JOM Pub Date : 2025-06-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11837-025-07504-x

Kupakwashe Mahamba, John Malbenia Masamvu, Nancy Mabwe, Tinashe Mabikire, Edson Kugara Chiwandika

{"title":"Gold Recovery in Heap Leaching of Old Mine Tailings Using Chloride Solution","authors":"Kupakwashe Mahamba, John Malbenia Masamvu, Nancy Mabwe, Tinashe Mabikire, Edson Kugara Chiwandika","doi":"10.1007/s11837-025-07504-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11837-025-07504-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The closure of hydrometallurgical plants due to mineral reserve depletion prompts exploration into alternative solutions, such as processing gold tailing ores. Despite challenges posed by minerals like hydronium jarosite and sulfides, which hinder gold dissolution in conventional cyanide leaching, preliminary investigations of utilizing chloride oxidation on an old mine tailing dump showed some promising results. This study aims to assess the efficacy of this technique on refractory gold tailings, employing acid leaching with sodium hypochlorite, sodium chloride, and hydrochloric acid. Various factors affecting gold extraction from heap leaching, such as agglomeration blending ratios, pellet size, leaching pH, bed height, and spraying rate, were evaluated. Results indicate a > 40% increase in gold extraction with chloride-based heap leaching. This innovative approach offers a promising alternative for liberating gold from sulfide ores within tailings, potentially mitigating the challenges associated with conventional methods and revitalizing hydrometallurgical operations.</div>","PeriodicalId":605,"journal":{"name":"JOM","volume":"77 9","pages":"6852 - 6861"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11837-025-07504-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144897041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of Sulfur Morphology on Arsenic Removal from Zinc Dust 硫形态对锌粉除砷的影响

IF 2.3 4区材料科学

JOM Pub Date : 2025-06-17 DOI: 10.1007/s11837-025-07512-x

Yaoyu Yan, Shuchen Sun, Jing Wei, A. Shubo, Faxin Xiao, Ganfeng Tu, Chengfu Sui, Kuopei Yu

{"title":"Influence of Sulfur Morphology on Arsenic Removal from Zinc Dust","authors":"Yaoyu Yan, Shuchen Sun, Jing Wei, A. Shubo, Faxin Xiao, Ganfeng Tu, Chengfu Sui, Kuopei Yu","doi":"10.1007/s11837-025-07512-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11837-025-07512-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Selectively removing arsenic from zinc dust is crucial for environmental protection and resource recycling. This research systematically investigates the arsenic (As) removal behavior from zinc dust under alkaline conditions with various sulfur species (Na2S, NaHS, thiourea, and elemental sulfur), and, through thermodynamic and kinetic analysis, we have elucidated the reaction mechanisms. The experimental results demonstrate that the Na2S and thiourea systems achieve the highest arsenic leaching efficiency, with the thiourea system displaying good selectivity and effectively inhibiting zinc and lead dissolution. Although the Na2S system has a high arsenic leaching rate, it is accompanied by significant dissolution of zinc and lead. In contrast, the leaching efficiencies of elemental sulfur and NaHS systems are relatively low. Kinetic analysis reveals that, under high-temperature conditions, the thiourea system is diffusion-controlled and exhibits low activation energy (5.15 kJ/mol), indicating that it is an efficient and selective leaching system. This research provides a solid theoretical foundation and practical support for the environmentally friendly treatment and efficient resource utilization of arsenic-laden waste.</div>","PeriodicalId":605,"journal":{"name":"JOM","volume":"77 8","pages":"5905 - 5916"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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