Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science最新文献

{"title":"Iterative Stochastic Restricted (r-k) Class Estimator in Generalized Linear Models: Application on Logistic Regression","authors":"Atif Abbasi,&nbsp;M. Revan Özkale","doi":"10.1007/s40995-024-01724-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-024-01724-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this paper is to introduce the stochastic restricted <span>(r-k)</span> class estimator and the stochastic restricted principal components regression estimator in case of multicollinearity. The matrix mean square error (MSE) comparisons of these new proposed estimators with the maximum likelihood estimator are given. In case the response variable has a binomial distribution, the performance evaluation of new estimators is examined with a numerical example and simulation studies such that the scalar MSE in the numerical example and the estimated MSE and the prediction MSE in the simulation study are used as the performance evaluation criteria. The results show that when the appropriate tuning parameter value is used, the stochastic restricted <span>(r-k)</span> class estimator gives better results than the maximum likelihood, mixed and stochastic restricted principal components regression estimators in all evaluation criteria regardless of the degree of multicollinearity while it is superior to the stochastic restricted ridge estimator according to the estimated MSE criterion at all degree of multicollinearity and according to the prediction MSE criterion when the degree of multicollinearity is 0.80 and 0.90.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"49 2","pages":"357 - 367"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Existence of Solutions for Riemann-Liouville Fractional Dirichlet Boundary Value Problem","authors":"Zhiyu Li","doi":"10.1007/s40995-024-01696-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-024-01696-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, existence theorems of solutions for the Riemann-Liouville fractional Dirichlet</p><p>boundary value problem <span>(begin{aligned} left{ begin{aligned} {D_{0+}^{alpha }}x(t)=fleft( t,x(t),{D_{0+}^{alpha -1}}x(t)right) , tin (0,1), x(0)=0, x(1)=B, end{aligned}right. end{aligned})</span>are obtained, where <span>(Bin {mathbb {R}})</span>, <span>({D_{0+}^{alpha }}x(t))</span> is the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative, <span>({alpha }in (1,2])</span> is a real number, and <span>(fin Cleft( [0,1]times {mathbb {R}}^{2}, {mathbb {R}}right))</span>. We do not impose growth restrictions on nonlinear term <i>f</i> as many authors do but merely require that <i>f</i> satisfies sign conditions at the origin. Our analysis is based on the nonlinear alternative of Leray-Schauder. Finally, we provide an example to verify our main results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"161 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143108321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Improved Poisson EWMA Control Chart for Monitoring Nonconformities Per Unit","authors":"Waqar Hafeez,&nbsp;Jianguo Du,&nbsp;Zameer Abbas,&nbsp;Hafiz Zafar Nazir","doi":"10.1007/s40995-024-01732-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-024-01732-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Poisson control charts are most frequently used to track the number of nonconformities per unit in industrial processes during the inspection. As the quality characteristic under examination is based on a nominal scale rather than a quantitative or measured scale, these charting structures are known as attribute control charts. To detect small changes quickly, a Poisson extended exponentially weighted moving average (PEEWMA) control chart is developed in this study and its performance in zero-state and steady-state conditions has been examined. Run-length (RL) profiles, such as the average RL, the standard deviation of RL, and several percentile points of the RL distribution, have been evaluated using Monte Carlo simulation. The RL profiles of the proposed PEEWMA chart have been compared with existing methods. The comparison shows that the suggested PEEWMA chart outperforms its competitors. The application of the proposed design from an artificial dataset has also been included.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"49 2","pages":"427 - 438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher Order Stable Numerical Algorithm for the Variable Order Time-Fractional Sub-diffusion Equation","authors":"Priyanka Rajput,&nbsp;Nikhil Srivastava,&nbsp;Vineet Kumar Singh","doi":"10.1007/s40995-024-01726-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-024-01726-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present work, we proposed a numerical scheme for solving the Variable order time fractional sub-diffusion equation (VOTFSDE) by finite difference method. The variable order Caputo derivative is approximated by the L-123 approximation in time direction. The numerical schemes unconditional stability is theoretically investigated. The three test problems are used to execute the scheme, and the numerical results show a high level of accuracy and higher order of convergence. To show the efficiency and accuracy of our proposed scheme, a comparison of the numerical results with those from an earlier existing scheme is also provided.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"49 2","pages":"369 - 381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Improvised Cubic B-spline Collocation of Fourth Order and Crank–Nicolson Technique for Numerical Soliton of Klein–Gordon and Sine–Gordon Equations","authors":"Saumya Ranjan Jena,&nbsp;Archana Senapati","doi":"10.1007/s40995-024-01727-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-024-01727-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article examines the nonlinear hyperbolic Klein–Gordon equation (KGE) and sine–Gordon equation (SGE) with Crank–Nicolson and the finite element method (FEM) based on an improvised quartic order cubic B-spline collocation approach and explores their novel numerical solutions along with computational complexity. This work explains the parameters such as Euclidean error norms <span>({L}_{2})</span>, maximum absolute error <span>({L}_{infty })</span>, and root-mean-square (RMS) error with computational time cost, experimental order of convergence (EOC), and three conservative laws <span>({I}_{1},{I}_{2},{I}_{3})</span> of mass momentum and energy conservation, respectively. It is demonstrated that the method is unconditionally stable with the von-Neumann process and accurate to convergence of order O (<span>({h}^{4}+Delta t))</span>. Finally, four test examples are investigated to support our assertion, and the experimental findings are compared to existing approaches using software tools like MATLAB and MATHEMATICA. 2D and 3D graphical representations of solutions are also presented and compared with the exact solution and results of others.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"49 2","pages":"383 - 407"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bounds in Normed Spaces Using Convex Functions","authors":"Mohammad Sababheh,&nbsp;Shigeru Furuichi,&nbsp;Nicuşor Minculete,&nbsp;Hamid Reza Moradi","doi":"10.1007/s40995-024-01730-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-024-01730-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we present several new bounds in normed spaces, with applications towards subadditivity behavior and angular distances, in these spaces, with an additional application towards Hilbert space operators. The main tool we use to establish our results is the treatment of convex functions and their properties.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"49 2","pages":"419 - 426"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancellation Property for Acts Over Monoids","authors":"Kamal Ahmadi,&nbsp;Ali Madanshekaf","doi":"10.1007/s40995-024-01728-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-024-01728-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cancellation property in the theory of actions over a monoid is introduced and examined in this paper. We will find some significant classes of acts which are cancellable. In addition, we give a characterization of cancellable acts. Then, we prove that every act is cancellable if and only if it is internally cancellable. Finally, using significant properties of refinement monoids, we show that any Dedekind-finite <i>S</i>-act is cancellable and it has also multiplicative cancellation in the category of Dedekind-finite <i>S</i>-acts with a unique zero.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"49 2","pages":"409 - 417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of Photoactive Cd2+ Substitutions on V2O5 Nanoparticles and Their Catalytic Potential Against the Toxic Dye","authors":"A. Remila,&nbsp;V. Shally,&nbsp;C. Parvathiraja,&nbsp;T. Darwin","doi":"10.1007/s40995-024-01704-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-024-01704-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study focuses on the synthesis and broad characterization of cadmium-doped vanadium pentoxide (Cd-doped V₂O₅) nanoparticles via the co-precipitation method, emphasizing the investigation of varying Cd²⁺ concentrations in V₂O₅. The synthesized nanoparticles were extensively characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS), revealing crystallite sizes ranging from 24 to 29 nm, identifying functional groups, and elucidating bandgap energies from 2.07 to 1.88 eV. Morphological analyses by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the presence of rod-like nanostructures without agglomeration. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed successful Cd²⁺ integration into the V₂O₅ structure, while further characterization via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and photoluminescence spectroscopy provided insights into valency, electron states, and material affinity. The catalytic activity of Cd-doped V₂O₅ nanoparticles in degrading Rhodamine B (Rh-B) dye was investigated under various conditions. pH variations notably influenced degradation rates, with acidic and alkaline environments demonstrating enhanced degradation capabilities due to electrostatic interactions and increased catalytic activity, respectively. Optimal catalytic efficiency was observed at a nanoparticle concentration of 10 mg, with declining efficiency attributed to surface area saturation at higher concentrations. Increasing dye concentrations inversely correlated with degradation percentages due to reduced hydroxyl radical formation. Reusability studies indicated consistent degradation efficiency over multiple cycles, suggesting promising applications of Cd-doped V₂O₅ nanoparticles in sustainable wastewater treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"33 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143109159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical, Structural and Mechanical Properties of Ag2O2/Ag2CO3 Nanocomposite Synthesized by Air-Plasma Electrolysis","authors":"Saeed Ebrahimi,&nbsp;Masoud Rezvani Jalal,&nbsp;Seyyedeh Fatemeh Hosseini","doi":"10.1007/s40995-024-01720-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-024-01720-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Synthesis of nanocomposite Ag₂O₂/Ag₂CO₃ by the new method of pin-to-solution air-plasma electrolysis and effect of electrolyte concentration on its morphological, structural, mechanical and optical properties are considered in the present paper. XRD analysis reveals that, independent on the concentration, the nanocomposite has monoclinic and hexagonal crystal structure. Mechanical characterization by the Williamson-Hall method shows that the crystallite size of the composite synthesized in high concentration (0.3 M) is 40 nm and the lattice strain and dislocation density are − 0.0002 and 6.149×10¹⁴ line/m², respectively. TEM images and XRD pattern show that reduction of the solution concentration (to 0.2 molar) leads to smaller crystallite size (~ 17 nm) and increased lattice defects. By FTIR spectroscopy, chemical bonds of the sample are studied and formation of the expected bonds is confirmed. Optical characterization of the nanocomposites by UV–Vis spectroscopy through DASF analysis shows that the transition is direct allowed with 0.9 eV gap. Other parameters such as Urbach energy, steepness parameter, strength of the electron–phonon interaction, refractive index and dielectric constant are also determined. It is found that the concentration has a small effect on most of the optical properties of the obtained nanocomposites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"49 2","pages":"531 - 540"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical Study of Nabla Fractional Difference Tech Layoff Model","authors":"Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar,&nbsp;Ravichandran Chokkalingam,&nbsp;Sabarinathan Sriramulu,&nbsp;Selvam Arunachalam","doi":"10.1007/s40995-024-01721-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-024-01721-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This research aims to analyze the numerical solution and stability of the tech layoff model using the nabla difference fractional order derivative based on the Atangana–Baleanu in Caputo sense. In the analytical section of this article, we will present a novel formula for nabla fractional differences, which can be useful for obtaining stability results. Firstly, we formulate the tech layoff model and describe the problem. Secondly, we establish both the existence and uniqueness analysis by employing fixed-point techniques for the given model. We find that the projected model exists as a unique solution that adheres to the stability state of Ulam–Hyers stability conditions. Additionally, we apply a numerical scheme based on an approximate solution in a series to simulate the proposed model, employing an iterative technique. Finally, we present numerical simulations to corroborate the theoretical study. These results clearly demonstrate the notably impactful effect of the nabla difference fractional order derivative on the model behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"49 2","pages":"345 - 356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143583519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}