Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science最新文献

{"title":"Qualitative Study of a Novel Fractional-Order Epidemic Model with Nonmonotone Incidences, Level of Awareness, and Quarantine Class","authors":"Abhishek Kumar,&nbsp;Vishesh Lonial","doi":"10.1007/s40995-024-01656-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-024-01656-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>During an epidemic outbreak, slowing the infection among the population can be achieved through two major approaches: raising awareness about the disease and quarantining the infected population. Elevating awareness levels among the population is essential for slowing down the infection. In this study, our goal is to propose and mathematically analyze a novel Caputo derivative-based fractional-order Susceptible–Aware–Infected–Quarantined–Recovered–Susceptible compartmental model. The model is developed by incorporating the level of awareness among the population, explicit non-monotone incidence rates for new infection cases, and a saturated quarantine rate for the infected population. Additionally, this study aims to capture the complex dynamics of infectious diseases in the absence of any vaccine to control the disease spread. The qualitative study of the model reveals two equilibria: an infection-free equilibrium and an endemic equilibrium. We obtain that the infection-free equilibrium is locally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is below one. Furthermore, we investigate the model for the possible occurrence of multiple positive equilibria and examine the local stability of the endemic equilibrium, showing that it is locally asymptotically stable under certain conditions when the basic reproduction number is above unity. Finally, we present numerical simulations to support our analytical findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"48 5","pages":"1187 - 1209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corn Steep Liquor as an Auto-Induction Medium for the Production of rhIFN-β-1b Protein in Escherichia coli","authors":"Nasira Rafi,&nbsp;Rabia Abbas,&nbsp;Nadeem Ahmed,&nbsp;Saad Tahir,&nbsp;Muhammad Akram,&nbsp;Mohsin Ahmad Khan,&nbsp;Nao Akusa Fujimura,&nbsp;Mariam Shafique,&nbsp;Kausar Malik","doi":"10.1007/s40995-024-01684-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-024-01684-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Therapeutic proteins need to be produced in large quantities as they continuously gain higher shares in pharmaceutical market. Human beta interferon (hIFN-β) is used against different diseases due to its antiviral, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory nature. Considering its clinical applications, development of a simple, cost-effective and easily scalable production system to produce rhIFN-β-1b protein in high yield and quality is needed. Attempts to develop improved production methods are ongoing. Majority of previous reports propose isopropyl-β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), for rhIFN-β-1b expression in <i>Escherichia coli</i>, which is costly and nonmetabolizable. Thus, in current study, rhIFN-β-1b expression was optimized in an inexpensive auto-induction medium. Corn steep liquor (CSL) was used and optimized at different concentrations. Further, the medium was also optimized for carbon sources using various glycerol concentrations. Finally, a 10 L fermentation batch was done (10% CSL and 2.5% glycerol) that produced 65 g of wet biomass and 15 g of inclusion body (wet). The purification scheme was optimized by one-step ion-exchange chromatography (IEX) for &gt; 99% purity of the target protein. The biological activity of the required protein was assessed through cytopathic inhibition effect of virus vesicular stomatitis (VSV) on Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells. Moreover, cytotoxicity of the protein was also studied on different breast cancer cell lines; HCC- 1954, MCF- 7 and MDA- MB- 231. This is the first report on utilizing CSL as auto-induction media for expression and purification of rhIFN-β-1b. Thus, the suggested method can be employed for simple as well as cost-effective production of rhIFN-β-1b and other recombinant proteins.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"48 5","pages":"1087 - 1098"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Epigenetic Inhibitors on Somatic Embryogenesis in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)","authors":"Sumeyra UCAR,&nbsp;Murat AYDIN","doi":"10.1007/s40995-024-01679-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-024-01679-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum L</i>.) is a global staple cereal known for its nutritional value and economic significance. Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a powerful biotechnological tool for plant genetic improvement, driven by intricate epigenetic mechanisms as well as controlled by key genes such as <i>Wuschel-related HOMEOBOX</i> (<i>WOX4</i>), <i>Leafy cotyledon</i> (<i>LEC1</i>), <i>Baby Boom 1</i> (<i>BBM1</i>), and <i>Somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase</i> (<i>TaSERK</i>). This study investigates the impact of different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 µM) of Trichostatin A (TSA) and 5-Azacytidine (5-Azac), recognized epigenetic inhibitors, on mature embryos of Kırık bread wheat variety cultured in a callus formation medium. In vitro parameters including Callus formation frequency (CFF) (mg), callus fresh weight (CFW) (%), embryogenic callus formation frequency (ECFF) (%), embryogenic callus frequency (RECF) (%), and regeneration efficiency (RE) (number) as well as expression levels of <i>WOX4</i>, <i>LEC1</i>, <i>BBM1</i>, and <i>TaSERK</i> genes, were evaluated at 14, 28, and 42 days after initiation of tissue culture (DAI). The results show that TSA and 5-Azac treatments had a considerable influence on the in vitro parameters tested. Furthermore, these compounds had a significant effect on the mRNA expression levels of the WOX4, LEC1, BBM1, and TaSERK genes, which are important in SE. Specifically, LEC1 expression peaked at 42 DAI across all treatments, while WOX4 and BBM1 peaked at 14 DAI. TaSERK expression decreased by 42 DAI, with variations depending on treatment at previous time points. As a result of this study, 0.5 µM TSA and 5 µM 5-Azac treatments resulted in optimal plant regeneration, emphasizing the importance of epigenetic regulators in promoting somatic embryogenesis via endosperm-supported mature embryo in wheat. This study suggests addressing epigenetic systems to improve SE protocols and inform wheat genetic engineering and breeding initiatives for sustainable agriculture and food security.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quaternary Fission of Various Z = 120 Isotopes Accompanied by Two α Particles as Light Charge Particles","authors":"Amaya Pavithran,&nbsp;M. K. Preethi Rajan,&nbsp;R. K. Biju","doi":"10.1007/s40995-024-01686-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-024-01686-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Spontaneous quaternary fission accompanied by two α particles for isotopes ³⁰⁴120 in both equatorial and collinear configurations, and for ^298,302120 in the equatorial configuration has been studied using Coulomb and proximity potential model with the inclusion of deformation and orientation of fragments. The most favourable quaternary fission channel is determined using cold reaction valley and relative yield plots. In the case of ³⁰⁴120, the equatorial emission of light charge particles displays distinct peaks, reaching a peak relative yield of approximately 33.65%. In contrast, collinear emission shows continuous peaks with a maximum relative yield around 1.27%. The peak relative is attributed to the presence of nuclei ¹²¹In for equatorial emission, and ¹²²I, ¹⁹²Au, ⁹⁷Ru and ⁴²Cl for collinear emission. For the parent isotopes ³⁰²120 a peak relative yield around 19.44% is obtained for combination containing nuclei ¹²²Ag, whereas in the case of ²⁹⁸120, fission channels result in a maximum relative yield of approximately 22.08% with one fragment as ¹²²Ag. The mentioned nuclei are found to possess either a magic number of protons or neutrons leading to shell closure. In addition to closed shell effect, the inclusion of deformation factors β_2, β₄ and orientation of fragments have a prominent role in determining the relative yield of a particular fission channel.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"48 5","pages":"1373 - 1381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141870608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical Validation and Comparative Analysis of Higher Order Modified Bernstein Operators","authors":"Mahima Tomar,&nbsp;Naokant Deo","doi":"10.1007/s40995-024-01667-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-024-01667-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we present a technique for enhancing the order of approximation of the modified form of the Bernstein operators that Usta F. achieved. Moreover, two novel operators with degrees of approximation one and two are obtained. Furthermore, we validate a few theoretical findings such as the Korovkin theorem, Voronovskaja theorem, modulus of continuity, etc. about the rate of convergence of these operators. In the end, we operate graphs and tables to illustrate the comparison between the constructed operators and compute the numerical verification of the theoretical conclusions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"48 5","pages":"1313 - 1327"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141873370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Short Note on Generalized Variation Diminishing Wavelets","authors":"A. M. Jarrah,&nbsp;Nikhil Khanna,&nbsp;A. Zothansanga,&nbsp;Dilip Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s40995-024-01689-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-024-01689-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pathak (2011) introduced variation diminishing wavelets and wavelets of specified changes in sign by utilising Schoenberg’s notion of variation-diminishing integral operators of convolution type. In this paper, we introduce some generalized variation diminishing wavelets based on the Hartley kernel and the Boas transforms. In particular, we introduce wavelets with specific changes of sign and wavelets based on Tanno’s form of convolution kernels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"48 5","pages":"1299 - 1305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prunus Species Diversity, Structure and Phylogenetic Studies Assessed by Chloroplastic Microsatellite Markers","authors":"Sana Ben Mustapha,&nbsp;Donia Abdallah,&nbsp;Sahar Haffar,&nbsp;Amel Salhi Hannachi,&nbsp;Ghada Baraket","doi":"10.1007/s40995-024-01681-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-024-01681-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The genus <i>Prunus</i> is among the main species cultivated in Tunisia, due to its economic importance. In this study, genetic diversity and relationships among Tunisian <i>Prunus</i> species was explored using six specific SSR chloroplastic primers (cpSSR) of Rosaceae. The parameters of polymorphism were estimated and showed 5.831 alleles per locus, among them, 1.315 were effective alleles, giving a Shannon’s information index of 0.323. Twelve haplotypes were shared by more than one accession, while 55 haplotypes were accession-specific, confirming the effectiveness of cpSSR as good markers for molecular characterization and identification of <i>Prunus</i> species. Furthermore, the important haplotype diversity proved the allelic singularity of the Tunisian genotypes, considered as a valuable gene pool repository for future breeding programs. Moreover, the results obtained highlighted the ancient origin of the Tunisian <i>Prunus</i> genotypes. The UPGMA dendrogram, the model based Bayesian clustering, PCA analysis and Nm values are clearly consistent with a genetic structuring and showed a high level of differentiation within the genus. Although, the classification of <i>Prunus</i> genus has been controversial issue, our results showed that chloroplastic genome may supply information regarding the evolutionary history of members of <i>Prunus</i> genus. To conclude, this work joins to other studies to demonstrate the effective power of single- parent organelle markers for molecular characterization and population genetic studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"48 5","pages":"1175 - 1186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141785456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dislocation Induced Thermal Diffusivity Tuning of ZnO Hybrid Nanofluids: A Mode Mismatched Dual Beam Thermal Lens Study","authors":"V. Gokul,&nbsp;M. S. Swapna,&nbsp;S. Sankararaman","doi":"10.1007/s40995-024-01680-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-024-01680-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The paper delineates the synthesis and development of zinc oxide (ZnO) hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) with different carbon sources (diesel soot (DS) and acetylene black (AB)) to address heat transfer (HT) limitations in thermal systems. Using a highly sensitive mode-mismatched dual beam thermal lens (MDTL) technique, the concentration-dependent thermal diffusivity modifications of the synthesized HNFs are monitored. The method of solution combustion is utilized for the synthesis of ZnO powder. The ZnO-hybrid composites are prepared by solid-state mixing and annealing of ZnO with DS and AB. The structure characteristics of the synthesized hybrid composites are understood through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD and Raman analyses revealed the structural dislocations and the degree of disorder within the synthesized composites. The optical properties of the samples are revealed through ultraviolet-visible analysis. The MDTL investigation is carried out by preparing HNFs of the samples in ethylene glycol as the base fluid, thus elucidating the effect of lattice dislocations on the thermal behavior of the synthesized HNFs. Thus, the study suggests the potential of lattice dislocations-induced thermal diffusivity tuning ZnO-DS and ZnO-AB hybrid composites for various HT applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"269 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acantholimon brevispicum (Plumbaginaceae) a New Species from Southeastern Iran Based on Morphological and Molecular Data","authors":"Hossein Bibak,&nbsp;Shahrokh Kazempour-Osaloo,&nbsp;Mostafa Assadi","doi":"10.1007/s40995-024-01688-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-024-01688-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><i>Acantholimon brevispicum</i> Bibak, Kaz.Osaloo &amp; Assadi (Plumbaginaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from the Palvar Mountains, Kerman province, SE Iran. In this paper, we discuss morphological characteristics and molecular data that differentiate the species from closely related taxa. According to morphological characters, the new species belongs to the <i>A</i>. sect. <i>Acantholimon</i> (= <i>Staticopsis</i>) and closely related to <i>A. hormozganense</i> and <i>A. zaeifii</i>, but is easily recognized by its leaves, flowering stem length, inflorescence, bracteole shape, and petal. Morphological comparisons and taxonomic relationships of <i>A. brevispicum</i> with closely related taxa are discussed. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods based on nrDNA ITS and plastid <i>rpl</i>32-<i>trn</i>L_(UAG) markers. According to molecular and morphological evidence, the new species is distinct from its close relatives. The molecular phylogeny analyses support the placement of <i>A. brevispicum</i> based on morphology. The information provided includes a species description, plant images, a diagnostic key, a distribution map, and a molecular phylogenetic tree.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"11 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Simulation of Kink Collisions, Analytical Solutions and Conservation Laws of the Potential Korteweg–de Vries Equation","authors":"Chaudry Masood Khalique,&nbsp;Carel Olivier,&nbsp;Boikanyo Pretty Sebogodi","doi":"10.1007/s40995-024-01670-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40995-024-01670-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, we investigate the nonlinear potential Korteweg–de Vries equation (pKdVe) by making use of the Lie group analysis. We start by constructing Lie symmetries and thereafter utilize them to execute symmetry reductions of pKdVe. We then obtain solutions of the pKdVe by using the direct integration method. The obtained solutions are demonstrated in respect of Jacobi elliptic functions. Some of the obtained solutions are illustrated graphically. Moreover, we obtain four conserved vectors of the pKdVe by making use of the multiplier method and five conserved vectors by using the theorem owing to Ibragimov. Finally, we simulate collisions between kinks for the pKdVe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":600,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"107 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40995-024-01670-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141778763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}