International Journal of Biometeorology最新文献

{"title":"Association of atmospheric pressure fluctuations with hemorrhage subtype in spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage","authors":"Gülşen Akçay,&nbsp;Bedriye Müge Sönmez,&nbsp;Murat Özdemir,&nbsp;Nursel Koyuncu,&nbsp;Hakan Doğan,&nbsp;İsmail Borazan,&nbsp;Aycan Özek,&nbsp;Necip Güner","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03275-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03275-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To investigate whether short-term changes in meteorological parameters are associated with hemorrhage subtype in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage, with a particular focus on intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This single-center retrospective observational study included adults presenting to the ED between 2013 and 2022 with spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage confirmed on initial non-contrast computed tomography. Of 901 screened patients, 238 with IPH or SAH were included in the final comparative analysis. Clinical variables and meteorological data, including atmospheric pressure (AP), air temperature, and relative humidity, were recorded. Group comparisons were followed by univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses. Because AP-related variables showed substantial collinearity, full, backward, and forward models were compared, and the final model was selected based on performance and parsimony. AP showed the most consistent association with hemorrhage subtype, whereas air temperature and relative humidity were not consistently related to either group. Event-hour mean AP was independently associated with SAH, whereas 3-day pre-event mean AP was independently associated with IPH. In the final forward multivariable models, headache remained positively associated with SAH, while lateralized neurological findings, systolic blood pressure, family history of hypertension, and 3-day pre-event mean AP were positively associated with IPH. Model discrimination was acceptable, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of 0.789 for SAH and 0.823 for IPH. Short-term AP changes, rather than air temperature or relative humidity, were associated with hemorrhage subtype in this ED cohort. Further multicenter studies are needed to validate these findings and clarify underlying mechanisms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148705003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological niche overlap of invasive whiteflies in coconut: insights into invasion ecology and species coexistence in India","authors":"K. Selvaraj,&nbsp;B. Gundappa,&nbsp;B. V. Sumalatha,&nbsp;G. A. Kavya Yadav,&nbsp;J. Vasundhara,&nbsp;S. N. Sushil","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03292-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03292-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study intended to analyze the comprehensive niche overlapping among four invasive whitefly species viz<i>., Aleurodicus rugioperculatus</i> (rugose spiraling whitefly), <i>Paraleyrodes bondari</i> (Bondar’s nesting whitefly), <i>Paraleyrodes minei</i> (nesting whitefly), and <i>Aleurotrachelus atratus</i> (palm infesting whitefly), which invaded successively into the coconut ecosystem during 2016–2019. Analyzing ecological niche overlap among these whiteflies helps understand their invasion dynamics and manage ecological impacts on the coconut. The study is grounded in niche conservatism theory and tests whether co-invasive whiteflies retain their fundamental climatic niches in India, and whether niche overlap reflects non-random climatic convergence consistent with shared ecological filtering. Further, niche equivalency and similarity tests provide a statistical basis for determining whether observed overlaps are greater than expected by chance. Spatial thinning (10 km) and target-group background correction were applied to occurrence records to minimize sampling bias. Study revealed that all four niche models substantially outperform random prediction, with <i>Paraleyrodes bondari</i> exhibiting the highest discriminatory power (AUC = 0.914). Additional model evaluation using True Skill Statistic (TSS) and partial ROC further confirmed robust predictive performance across all species. Across all species, temperature-related variables were more influential than precipitation-related variables. Notably, isothermality (bio03) consistently emerged as the most important predictor for <i>A. rugioperculatus</i>, <i>A. atratus</i>, and <i>P. bondari</i>, whereas <i>P. minei</i> showed a stronger influence of the maximum temperature of the warmest month (bio05). Habitat suitability mapping predicted that southern India has high to moderate suitability for <i>A. rugioperculatus</i>, <i>A. atratus</i>, and <i>P. bondari</i>, and southern and central India for <i>P. minei</i>. Pairwise ecological niche overlap was greatest between <i>A. rugioperculatus</i> and <i>P. minei</i>, and lowest between <i>A. rugioperculatus</i> and <i>P. bondari</i>. Native versus invaded niche comparisons revealed significant niche conservatism in <i>A. rugioperculatus</i> and <i>A. atratus</i>, while <i>P. minei</i> showed the greatest niche shift, expanding into climatic space not occupied in its Neotropical native range. The present study is useful for the spatial ecology of invasive whiteflies, interspecific competition, hotspots for co-infestation, pest risk assessments, and early-warning systems for multi-species management in coconut production systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148704988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical effectiveness of peloid therapy in knee osteoarthritis: a three-year retrospective study of 329 patients","authors":"Nur Gökçe Aydın,&nbsp;Murat Sağlık","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03280-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03280-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This single-center retrospective study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of peloid therapy in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology, with a radiographic grade of at least 2 according to the Kellgren–Lawrence radiographic grading system, and who received at least seven sessions of peloid therapy to the knee were retrospectively analyzed between January 2023 and January 2026. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 329 patients were included in the analysis. High-organic-content peloid was heated to approximately 47–48 °C and locally applied to the knee area for approximately 20 min per session, with patients receiving a total of 7–15 treatment sessions over 2–3 weeks. The primary endpoint of the study was defined as the change in the WOMAC total score, while the secondary endpoints included WOMAC subscales, VAS pain, VAS global, VAS physician, and HAQ scores. Statistically significant improvement was observed in all post-treatment clinical assessment parameters compared to pre-treatment (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). An average decrease of 33.64 points in the WOMAC total score, approximately 38 points in the VAS pain score, and 0.69 points in the HAQ score was observed. Effect size values ranged from 1.00 to 1.57, indicating a very large treatment effect. In the responder analysis, clinically significant improvement was observed in 67.2% of patients. These findings suggest that peloid therapy may provide significant improvement in pain and functional status in patients with knee osteoarthritis and may be an effective complementary treatment option in clinical practice. However, prospective and controlled studies are needed to support these findings with stronger evidence.</p><p>Not applicable.</p>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148682813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of water immersion thermotherapy on sleep quality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Haoqian Chen,&nbsp;Shengbo Gao,&nbsp;Weihao Chen,&nbsp;Binghong Gao","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03281-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03281-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A systematic review of the effects of water immersion thermotherapy (WIT) on sleep quality in healthy adults. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of science, Embase, Scopus, Ovid MEDLINE, Wiley Online Library, PEDro, CNKI, SinoMed and Yiigle databases. A meta-analysis method was adopted to evaluate the improvement of sleep quality by using WIT. By calculating the standardized mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI), and selecting either a common effects model or a random effects model for data pooling and analysis. A total of ten randomized controlled trials were included in this study. The results showed that WIT significantly increased total sleep time (SMD = 0.63, <i>P</i> = 0.0438) and significantly improved sleep efficiency (SMD = 0.64, <i>P</i> = 0.0419). However, there were no significant effects on sleep latency (<i>P</i> = 0.0877) or the pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Furthermore, there were no significant effects on PSQI-total score (<i>P</i> = 0.1136), PSQI-subjective sleep quality (<i>P</i> = 0.3721), PSQI-sleep latency (<i>P</i> = 0.0864), PSQI-sleep duration (<i>P</i> = 0.1402), PSQI-sleep efficiency (<i>P</i> = 0.6793), PSQI-sleep disturbances (<i>P</i> = 0.0580), PSQI-use of sleep medication (<i>P</i> = 0.9991), or PSQI-day time dysfunction (<i>P</i> = 0.6525) among the various indicators of the PSQI. WIT can significantly prolong total sleep time and improve sleep efficiency, but has no significant effect on the improvement of subjective sleep quality, indicating that the sleep-improving effect of WIT has certain limitations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-specific climate sensitivity of respiratory hospitalizations in a tropical coastal city: 20-year Random Forest forecasts","authors":"Marcos Paulo Santos Pereira,&nbsp;Rafaela Lisboa Costa,&nbsp;Fabricio Daniel dos Santos Silva,&nbsp;Glauber Lopes Mariano,&nbsp;Heliofabio Barros Gomes,&nbsp;Helber Barros Gomes,&nbsp;Djane Fonseca da Silva,&nbsp;João Otávio Alves Accioly,&nbsp;Jean Souza dos Reis,&nbsp;Eva Maria Mollinedo Veneros,&nbsp;Bruno Coelho Bulcão,&nbsp;Marcelo Félix Alonso,&nbsp;Flavio Manoel Rodrigues da Silva Júnior,&nbsp;Richard James Ladle,&nbsp;Fabiana Rita do Couto Santos Pereira","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03284-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03284-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Respiratory diseases remain a major public health challenge in tropical coastal cities, where persistent heat-humidity interactions and climate variability shape population vulnerability. This study quantified associations between atmospheric conditions and respiratory hospitalizations in Maceió, Brazil, using a 20-years time series (2000–2019). Weekly hospitalization rates stratified by age (children 0–4 years, adults 5–59 years, elderly ≥ 60 years), were modeled against meteorological variables—including temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, and solar radiation—considering lag structure of 0, 1, and 2 weeks. Random Forest regression models were applied to capture nonlinear relationships and forecast hospitalization rates. Minimum temperature was the dominant predictor, exhibiting strong inverse associations across all age groups (ρ = − 0.65, p &lt; 0.001), with effects persisting up to two weeks. Age-specific patterns were observed: children showed immediate sensitivity to thermal and precipitation variables, whereas elderly populations exhibited delayed responses to barometric pressure and evaporation. Model performance was high for children and adults (R² = 0.83–0.90) and moderate for the elderly, with Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error ranging from 13 to 25% across groups. Long-term trends revealed declining hospitalization rates among children and adults, contrasted by stabilization and subsequent increases in the elderly after 2010, consistent with demographic aging and increased climate sensitivity. These findings demonstrate the value of machine learning approaches for modeling complex climate-health relationships and provide a transferable framework for climate-informed respiratory risk assessment and early warning systems in tropical coastal environments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13433400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) phenology and thermal requirements: BBCH-based characterization of ‘Kerman’, ‘Peters’, and ‘Amarillo-M’ cultivars in an arid environment of San Juan, Argentina","authors":"Gonzalo Sanchez Cañete,&nbsp;Monica Ruiz,&nbsp;Eduardo R. Trentacoste","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03287-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03287-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The expansion of pistachio cultivation into new environments requires precise phenological characterization to ensure reproductive success and adaptive management. This study aimed to (i) develop a comprehensive BBCH scale for pistachio, (ii) evaluate the reproductive and vegetative development of cultivars ‘Kerman’, ‘Peters’, and ‘Amarillo-M’ under arid conditions of San Juan, Argentina, and (iii) determine the chilling and heat requirements for flowering and fruit maturation. The adapted BBCH scale encompasses 40 detailed developmental stages, covering vegetative growth, flowering, fruit development, ripening, and leaf senescence. This standardized framework integrates and refines previous descriptors, enabling consistent monitoring of both male and female cultivars and facilitating comparisons across studies and environments. Phenological observations were conducted over three seasons (2022–2025) in a commercial orchard located in an arid region south of San Juan Province, combining field surveys with bioclimatic indices. Results revealed marked interannual variability in flowering synchrony associated with chill accumulation. In 2023, insufficient chilling led to delayed and extended male flowering, disrupting overlap with ‘Kerman’. Fruit development showed consistent thermal requirements but advanced markedly in 2024. Overall, the proposed BBCH scale provides a robust framework for monitoring pistachio phenology and supports climate-resilient orchard management and regional suitability assessments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148614995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change shifts almond bloom dates in Afghanistan","authors":"Atifullah Shinwari,&nbsp;Lars Caspersen,&nbsp;Katja Schiffers,&nbsp;Eike Luedeling","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03288-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03288-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climate change is reshaping the spring phenology of temperate fruit and nut trees worldwide, causing uneven bud break and yield losses across major production regions. Almond trees, including those cultivated in Afghanistan, are susceptible to these shifts. Afghanistan produces over 50 almond varieties, with official exports worth around USD 40 million in 2024. Yet, this value remains below potential due to multiple challenges along the value chain, one of which is the ongoing temperature increase affecting phenology and yields.</p><p>We projected the flowering dynamics of 51 Afghan almond cultivars using long-term temperature data (1980–2023) and phenological observations (2011–2023). Two historical reference periods (1980 and 2020) and future projections for 2050 and 2085 were simulated under three Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) scenarios (SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5) based on 15 General Circulation Models. Bloom predictions were obtained using the PhenoFlex modeling framework with a recently developed combined-fitting approach. The model accurately reproduced observed bloom patterns, achieving a Root Mean Square Error of Prediction below four days for all cultivars. Compared to 1980, bloom dates advanced by roughly two weeks by 2020. Future projections suggest additional advances of up to 16 days for most cultivars, whereas a few exhibited delays of up to 12 days. Pronounced shifts exceeding seven days were found in about 25% of all predictions driven by specific cultivars, especially by 2085 under intermediate and high-emission scenarios. These results emphasize the significant and ongoing changes in almond phenology, highlighting the importance of adaptive management to sustain production and export potential under future climates.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00484-026-03288-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148597488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dual challenge of climate change in otolaryngology: Environmental impacts on airway diseases and emission reduction strategies in surgical care","authors":"Nuray Bayar Muluk","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03289-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03289-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review examines the dual relationship between climate change and otolaryngology by assessing the environmental impacts on upper airway diseases, particularly allergic rhinitis (AR), and identifying concrete, evidence-based strategies to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions within surgical practice. A narrative literature review was conducted to provide an interpretative synthesis of current knowledge across two distinct but interconnected domains: climate-driven airway health impacts and the environmental sustainability of surgical care. Literature was purposively selected from major databases to support this discussion. Available evidence suggests that elevated CO₂ and particulate matter (PM2.5) act synergistically to increase the allergenicity and mucosal penetration of pollen, significantly exacerbating AR, chronic rhinosinusitis, and sleep-disordered breathing. Marginalized populations face disproportionate exposure to these health impacts due to socioeconomic disparities. In the surgical domain, healthcare contributes approximately 5.2% of global emissions, with operating rooms generating up to 30% of hospital waste. Transitioning from single-use devices to reusable alternatives—such as replacing disposable instruments that account for 68% of the carbon footprint in tonsillectomies—and optimizing anesthetic gas management significantly reduce Scope 3 emissions without compromising patient safety. Otolaryngologists face a critical dual challenge: managing the escalating, climate-driven burden of upper aerodigestive tract disorders while actively mitigating the specialty’s own carbon footprint. Recognizing socioeconomic vulnerabilities and adopting rigorous, LCA-backed sustainable surgical practices are vital. However, widespread clinical implementation remains restricted by infrastructural and financial constraints, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148576822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climatotherapy in marine and dead sea environments for musculoskeletal and rheumatologic conditions: a systematic review of effectiveness and safety","authors":"Tatiana Leite Müller,&nbsp;Fernando Hellmann,&nbsp;Daniel Maurício de Oliveira Rodrigues,&nbsp;María Lorena Vela,&nbsp;Francisco Maraver","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03279-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03279-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Climatotherapy (including thalassotherapy, sun exposure, and marine mud therapy) has long been used as a complementary intervention for musculoskeletal and rheumatologic disorders (MSRDs), yet its evidence base remains fragmented and methodologically heterogeneous. To synthesize the effectiveness and safety of climatotherapy in marine or Dead Sea environments for MSRDs, focusing on pain, physical function, and health-related quality of life. Following Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA 2020, PubMed, PEDro, and the Cochrane Library were searched (May 2024; updated September 2025) for randomized and non-randomized trials of climatotherapy in marine or Dead Sea settings. Methodological quality was assessed with the PEDro scale. A structured narrative synthesis was complemented by a limited meta-analysis of pain; given the few trials and substantial heterogeneity, pooled estimates are exploratory. Ten articles representing nine studies (n = 465) were included. Interventions consistently produced short-term improvements in pain, physical function, and quality of life. Pooling was feasible only for pain (k = 2) and was statistically inconclusive, but condition-specific analysis showed a large, significant effect in osteoarthritis and a smaller, non-significant effect in fibromyalgia. Single-study estimates indicated benefits for tender point count and physical quality of life. No serious adverse events were reported, though safety was inconsistently assessed. Climatotherapy shows consistent short-term benefits, particularly for pain and physical function in osteoarthritis. Methodological limitations preclude firm pooled conclusions; rigorous multicenter trials with standardized outcomes and safety reporting are needed. </p><p>Trial RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42024534694 (registered May 2024).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13395818/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148560459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of outdoor thermal comfort in Northwestern India using effective temperature (ET) and the temperature-humidity index (THI)","authors":"Tanmay Sanjay Jadhav,&nbsp;Amit Gulabrao Dhorde","doi":"10.1007/s00484-026-03271-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-026-03271-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding long-term and intra-annual variations in human thermal discomfort is essential for climate-health assessments in climate-sensitive regions. In this paper, thermal comfort dynamics have been analyzed at seven locations in Northwestern India by utilizing Effective Temperature (ET) and Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) data for a period of 54 years (1969–2022). Climatic data for dry-bulb temperature (DBT), wet-bulb temperature (WBT), relative humidity (RH), and wind speed (WS) on a daily basis were acquired from the India Meteorological Department (IMD), while missing data were supplemented from NASA’s MERRA-2. Analyses were conducted at annual, seasonal, monthly, and weekly scales. Annual averages of ET and THI indicate generally <i>comfortable</i> conditions; however, higher-resolution analyses reveal substantial thermal stress periods that annual means obscure. At Delhi and Amritsar, ET shows either weak or non-significant trends, while THI exhibits significant warming due to increased WBT, reduced RH, and wind stilling. Trends analyzed on a monthly and weekly basis reveal pronounced seasonal intensification of heat stress. During the pre-summer period, ET shows notable warming, with weekly trends reaching + 0.081 to + 0.086 °C/year in Ambala and Patiala. Pre-monsoon warming is more evident in THI, increasing by + 0.058 to + 0.077 °C/year during mid-May in Delhi, Patiala, and Amritsar. Persistent peak heat from June to mid-July coincides with WBT increases of approximately + 0.05 °C/year at several stations. In contrast, winter and post-monsoon periods exhibit cooling in THI associated with reductions in WBT and DBT, while ET shows weaker declines due to concurrent decreases in wind speed. These contrasting ET and THI responses highlight the importance of multi-index and ventilation-sensitive assessments for thermal risk evaluation, public health preparedness, and climate adaptation planning in Northwestern India.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":"70 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148560430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}