Indian Journal of Physics最新文献

{"title":"A Study on the influence of different HTL and ETL layers on the performance of a P3HTI $$C_{60}$$ BA bulk heterojunction organic solar cell","authors":"C. D. Ramabadran, K. S. Sudheer","doi":"10.1007/s12648-024-03278-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-024-03278-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In photovoltaic research, bulk heterojunction organic solar cells have garnered significant interest as light harvesters. This increased attention underscores the importance of advance research in organic solar cell development. The present study considers an organic bulk heterojunction solar cell with P3HT:IC<span>(_{60})</span>BA as the active layer. Simulation studies are conducted using SCAPS 1D software. Initially, the software is standardized by comparing the experimental data of the solar cell structure, ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3HT:IC<span>(_{60})</span>BA/ZnONPS/Al with the simulated characteristics of the solar cell. Subsequently simulation research is done to evaluate the impact of different hole transport layers (HTL) and electron transport layers (ETL) on device performance.The HTL materials considered in this study include PEDOT:PSS, CuI, and Cu<span>(_{2}O)</span> while the ETL materials include ZnO NPs, Sn<span>(O_{2})</span>, Ti<span>(O_{2})</span>, IGZO and PCBM. According to the results, the cell structure employing Cu<span>(_{2}O)</span> as the HTL and IGZO as the ETL performed better than all other combinations. The cell structure is further optimized to analyze the impact of material parameters on device performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141614430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of ground and space geoelectric field during geomagnetic storms over Fresno, CA USA: wavelet coherence approach","authors":"A. Giri, B. Adhikari, C. Idosa, D. Pandit","doi":"10.1007/s12648-024-03328-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-024-03328-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The solar wind interacts with the earth magnetosphere and ionosphere, causing disturbances that create geoelectric fields in the Earth’s surface. These geoelectric fields link magnetospheric and ionospheric events, affecting the near-Earth environment. In the present study, we analyzed the ground- and space-based geoelectric field over Fresno, California, USA during three geomagnetic storms of different intensities, 19th February 2014 (moderate event), 17th March 2015 (intense event), and 17th March 2016 (weak event). We employed time series analysis and wavelet coherence analysis (WTC) to analyze fluctuations and investigate the strength of association and phase relationship between time series data of geomagnetic storms and geoelectric fields. We observed that ground-based magnetic and electric field fluctuations exhibited a distinct trend compared to space-based observations. WTC indicates that Ey (Space based Electric field) exhibits comparatively more enhanced power regions with solar parameters than EYt (Ground based elecrtic field). This is attributed to the impact of solar winds, which affect the ground electric field but have a less significant effect on the electric field in space.</p>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141609476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of relativistic charged particle production using multi-source thermal model and emission feature of slowest target protons","authors":"Kajal Attri, M. K. Singh, P. K. Khandai","doi":"10.1007/s12648-024-03332-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-024-03332-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this manuscript we have mainly focused our study on the multiplicity distributions of projectile fragments and slowest target protons (black particles) released during the interaction of <span>(^{84}Kr)</span> with emulsion at 1 A GeV and their dependency on various target groups of the nuclear emulsion. In case of projectile fragments these distributions are described and have been replicated using a multi-source thermal model. The model makes the premise that collisions produce a large number of particle sources. Like a radioactive item, each source contributes a multiplicity distribution. The observations of the present study shows that the theoretical calculations utilising the multi-source thermal model and the experimental findings are in good agreement. In case of slowest target protons this study reveals a striking relationship between the target fragmentation processes and collision geometry with multiplicity distributions.</p>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141577948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Realisation of cosmic inflation under the purview of f(Q) gravity with agegraphic fluid","authors":"Gargee Chakraborty","doi":"10.1007/s12648-024-03321-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-024-03321-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study explored the dynamics of agegraphic fluid within the framework of <i>f</i>(<i>Q</i>) gravity. It highlights the positive effects of <i>f</i>(<i>Q</i>) gravity, especially when examining the universe’s evolution alongside agegraphic fluid. The analysis revealed quintessence-like behavior in the equation of state parameter for agegraphic fluid influenced by <i>f</i>(<i>Q</i>) gravity. Furthermore, the model does not converged to the <span>(Lambda)</span> Cold Dark Matter (<span>(Lambda)</span>CDM) point. It provides evidence of the Hubble tension, indicating discrepancies in Hubble constant measurements. Furthermore, the investigation unveiled that the Hubble slow roll parameters satisfy inflationary conditions, suggesting the capability to shed light on the early universe’s inflationary epoch within this framework. Moreover, the model exhibits characteristics such as Type-III, Type-IV, and a w-singularity, serving as a connection between the early inflationary phase and the late-time accelerated expansion of the universe.</p>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141585979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of hybrid metagrating microstructures with high efficiency and large angle focusing","authors":"Bin Lou, Guoping Yao, Fuyi Cui, Xufeng Jing, Chenxia Li","doi":"10.1007/s12648-024-03330-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-024-03330-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The traditional gradient metasurface is limited on the low efficient focusing for designed metalens due to the small angle steering. Generally, metasurface has advantage for controlling beams at the small angles, but there are low efficiency at larger angles. In order to improve the focusing efficiency of the gradient metasurface lens, a hybrid metagrating design scheme is proposed, in which the gradient metasurface structure is used in the central region of the lens, and the metagrating structure is used in the edge of the lens. The electric field distribution and diffraction characteristics of the gradient metasurface are demonstrated. The element structure of the metagrating is designed with asymmetric type to suppress the unnecessary diffraction order, so that the outgoing light energy propagates along the expected direction. In order to verify whether hybrid metagratings can improve the focusing effect, we compared the electric field distribution of hybrid metagratings and conventional gradient metasurface lenses and discuss their focusing effect. It is found that the focusing effect of hybrid metagrating is improved by 8% compared with the traditional gradient metasurface lens.</p>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141577856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-consistent Maxwell-Dirac theory","authors":"Sergey A. Rashkovskiy","doi":"10.1007/s12648-024-03125-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-024-03125-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We show that quantum mechanics can be constructed as a classical field theory that correctly describes all basic quantum effects, by combining the Maxwell and Dirac equations. It is shown that for a self-consistent union of the Maxwell and Dirac equations into a unified classical field theory, it is necessary to introduce an additional short-range tensor field, which compensates the intrinsic electrostatic field of the electron wave inside the atom. For the combined Maxwell-Dirac field, the stress-energy tensor is constructed. We show that in the nonrelativistic limit this theory naturally transforms into the self-consistent Maxwell-Pauli theory and allows describing all basic quantum effects in the framework of classical field theory without any quantization.</p>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141575642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three propagation regimes of Laguerre–Gaussian laser beams in collisionless plasma","authors":"Sanyogita S. Patil, Kalyani Y. Khandale, Prasad T. Takale, Prajakta P. Patil, Mansing V. Takale, Sandip D. Patil","doi":"10.1007/s12648-024-03326-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-024-03326-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nonlinear optical effects in plasmas associated with light beams carrying orbital angular momentum are realizable in the form of Laguerre–Gaussian beams (LGBs) popularly known as twisted light. In this paper, the effect of angular mode index of light on propagation of LGBs in plasma is investigated by considering ponderomotive nonlinearity. A paraxial-like approach is adopted to establish nonlinear differential equation for beam-width parameter. Three distinct regimes characterizing nature of propagation are obtained for different modes of LGBs. The essential critical as well as divider curves and corresponding changes in beam width parameter with propagation distance of LGBs are assessed. It is found that orbital angular momentum of a light beam significantly affects the self focusing characteristics of LGBs in plasma.</p>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141575641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of noise-anharmonicity interplay on Shannon entropy and heat capacity of GaAs quantum dot","authors":"B. Bhakti, S. Datta, M. Ghosh","doi":"10.1007/s12648-024-03320-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-024-03320-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Current investigation explores the <i>Shannon entropy</i> and the corresponding <i>heat capacity</i> of <i>GaAs</i> <i>quantum dot (QD)</i> under the simultaneous impact of <i>anharmonic potential</i> and <i>Gaussian white noise</i>. The <i>parity</i> of anharmonicity (odd/even), the type of Gaussian white noise (additive/multiplicative) and the confinement potential of the QD undergo highly subtle interaction to modulate the entropy and the heat capacity. Presence of odd (even) anharmonic potential diminishes (enhances) the energy of QD in comparison with the condition without anharmonic potential. In general, multiplicative (additive) noise brings about larger (smaller) departure of the thermodynamic properties from the situation devoid of noise. Moreover, additive (multiplicative) noise enhances (depletes) the strengths of the thermodynamic properties in comparison with the state without noise. The enquiry further manifests the competitive behaviour between thermal and spatial disorder (multiplicative noise) that noticeably influences the said thermal properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141551335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying the effects of ambient temperature, chemical potential and external magnetic field on the enhanced Faraday rotation in multilayered structures containing a hybridized topological insulator thin film","authors":"Abbas Ghasempour Ardakani, Hadi Asgari Sarcheshmeh","doi":"10.1007/s12648-024-03325-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-024-03325-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this paper, we insert a hybridized topological insulator thin film in a dielectric multilayered structure with a defect layer to enhance the Faraday rotation at the terahertz region as well as transmittance. By employing the transfer matrix method for anisotropic interfaces, it is demonstrated that Faraday rotation in this structure at defect modes is significantly stronger compared to the case at which the hybridized topological insulator layer used as a defect in the multilayered structure or a suspended topological insulator layer in air. The absolute value of positive Faraday rotation angle at defect modes for the transverse magnetic polarized incidence is so larger than one of negative Faraday rotation angle for the transverse electric polarized incidence. Furthermore, the dependence of Faraday rotation angle on the ambient temperature, external magnetic field and chemical potential is studied for both TE and TM polarizations. Faraday rotation at defect modes is diminished with increase of temperature and chemical potential. In some defect modes, Faraday rotation enhances with the increase of external magnetic field, while in others it first increases and then decreases.</p>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141551336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of lockdown due to COVID-19 on environmental pollutant: a comparative study between top three countries of the world","authors":"Sanjay Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s12648-024-03323-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-024-03323-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Pandemic from Corona Virus Diseases 2019 (SARS-COVID-19) is a serious hazard to human health and life which is responsible for the significant economic losses across the world. Sometime it resulted into death of human being. Since environmental factors have significant effects on COVID-19 transmission, and vice-versa, therefore lockdown condition which is expected to reduce environmental pollution is an important step to affect COVID transmission through the environment. The associated ambient air pollutant: (O₃), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), sulphur dioxide (SO₂), and Carbon mono oxide (CO) are directly linked to enhance risk of stroke, heart disease, asthma, and lung cancer and are also affected by the number of cases of COVID-19. In order to have quantitative estimate and comparative study of these pollutants, aerosol optical depth (AOD), surface temperature, ozone, carbon mono oxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂), aerosol size distribution over India, have been analysed during lock down period 01 March–30 June, 2020. The analysis of pollutants during lockdown period has been compared to 05 year mean value (2015–2019) estimated during the same period. The satellite based measurement of AOD from MODIS show a decrease in AOD during the lockdown period by 40% in Indian region as compared to 5-year mean level (2015–2019) whereas ground based AOD from AERONET reduced to 75% at Kanpur and 74% at Gandhi College in India. The drop in AOD observed during lockdown is a clear cut indication of reduced level of air pollution. Peak of aerosol size distribution over Kanpur and Gandhi College has also been analysed which show a reduction by 33–50% from the 05-year average level. Enhancement in total ozone column ~ 8% from average level is noticed during the lockdown period which is attributed to suppression in NO₂ and CO concentration which is supposed to destroy the formation of ozone through chemical reactions. Influence of lockdown on concentration of environmental pollutants in Indian region has also been compared to top other two countries of the world: USA and Brazil. The pattern of day-to-day variation of COVID cases at India and Brazil is same whereas for USA patterns are significantly different. The comparative analysis of other pollutants between all the three countries has also been discussed and fall in temperature due to lockdown condition over USA is found larger than that over India and Brazil.</p>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141519174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}