S. Mukamil, C. Sarumaha, G. Rooh, A. Khan, S. A. Khattak, M. Shoaib, I. Khan, I. Ullah, Muhammad Shoaib, T. Ahmad, E. Ahmed, S. Kothan, J. Kaewkhao, H. B. Albargi
{"title":"Assessment of physical, structural, optical, photoluminescence and shielding properties of europium doped lead borate glasses","authors":"S. Mukamil, C. Sarumaha, G. Rooh, A. Khan, S. A. Khattak, M. Shoaib, I. Khan, I. Ullah, Muhammad Shoaib, T. Ahmad, E. Ahmed, S. Kothan, J. Kaewkhao, H. B. Albargi","doi":"10.1007/s12648-025-03547-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12648-025-03547-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, the melt-quenching technique was employed to prepare lead borate glasses with varying amounts of Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Various characterization approaches were used to investigate the physical, structural, optical, luminescence, and radiation-shielding properties of the developed glasses. The phase and structural compositions were confirmed by XRD and FTIR spectroscopy. It was found that as the Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> concentration increases, the density and refractive index also increase. The optical absorption spectra from 350 to 2300 cm<sup>−1</sup> show five optical transitions in UV–Vis-NIR range. The absorption spectra results were used to calculate the direct and indirect bandgaps. The excitation spectra of photoluminescence found eight excitation bands in which the highest intensity transition was observed at 395-nm (<sup>7</sup>F<sub>0</sub> → <sup>5</sup>L<sub>6</sub>) under λ<sub>emi</sub> = 613-nm. To study emission spectra, the 395-nm excitation wavelength was used. Five emissions bands at 578, 590, 613, and 700-nm were also evidenced. The highest intensity was recorded at 613 nm corresponding to <sup>5</sup>D<sub>0</sub> → <sup>7</sup>F<sub>2</sub> transition. The color coordinate (x, y) in the CIE diagram demonstrates the red–orange emission. The decay analysis demonstrates that when the Eu<sup>3+</sup> content increases, the lifetime decreases. The shielding characteristics were observed in the energy range of 70–120 keV of X-ray. The HVL results at 120 keV revealed that these glasses provide greater shielding than commercial, concrete, red brick, and X-ray windows. Based on these observations, the fabricated glass can be used in numerous photonic applications such as illuminating and as a radiation shielding material.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":"99 9","pages":"3479 - 3497"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of anodization voltage on the performance of ZnO nanostructures as glucose sensors","authors":"Mohamad Yahya Zuaiter, Osama Abdul Azeez Dakhil","doi":"10.1007/s12648-025-03544-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12648-025-03544-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures were produced using an anodization method to construct non-enzymatic glucose biosensors. The ZnO nanoparticles’ optical, structural, and morphological characteristics were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence spectroscopy, with the XRD patterns of the ZnO exhibiting a hexagonal phase structure with average crystallite sizes of around 11.46–11.78 nm. Samples with anodization voltages of 2, 4, and 6 V, demonstrated high glucose detection activity with sensitivity values of 1557, 1936, and 2018 µA mM<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> and low limit of detection values of 0.45, 0.34, and 0.62 mM, respectively. The broad linear range for glucose detection is from 0.3 to 0.9 mM. Overall, these findings indicate that ZnO nanoparticles are a potentially effective material for biosensor designs and other biological applications.Please confirm if the author names are presented accurately and in the correct sequence (given name, middle name/initial, family name). Author 1 Given name: [Mohamad Yahya] Last name [Zuaiter], Author 2 Given name: [Osama Abdul Azeez] Last name [Dakhil]. Also, kindly confirm the details in the metadata are correct.Yes all mames are correct</p></div>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":"99 9","pages":"3549 - 3557"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis and characterization of Gd-doped SnS2 nanopowders: structural, optical, and magnetic properties","authors":"Anjali Bhattacharyya, N. Madhusudhana Rao","doi":"10.1007/s12648-025-03552-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12648-025-03552-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) with tunable ferromagnetism represent promising materials for spintronic device fabrication. This investigation examines pure and Gd-doped SnS<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles (Sn<sub>1-x</sub>Gd<sub>x</sub>S<sub>2</sub>, x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07) synthesized hydrothermally. Characterization methods included X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), UV–Vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, photoluminescence, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). XRD analysis confirmed a hexagonal crystal structure, with dopant-dependent crystallite sizes calculated via the Scherrer equation. FESEM revealed nanoparticle dimensions of 100–500 nm. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy demonstrated progressive increases in both reflectance spectra and band gap energies, indicating a blue shift. Photoluminescence measurements under 259 nm excitation showed visible-region emission peaks, with increasing Gd concentration producing a blue shift in green emission due to band gap expansion. Raman spectroscopy identified an A<sub>1g</sub> mode at 312 cm<sup>−1</sup>, confirming the 2H polytype of SnS<sub>2</sub>. CIE chromaticity analysis suggests potential applications in domestic lighting. The weak ferromagnetic behavior observed in Gd-doped samples correlates with tin vacancies (V<sub>Sn</sub>), explaining the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":"99 9","pages":"3289 - 3302"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. ElMasfioui, S. Bahsine, M. M. Shabat, F. Lmai, A. Elbiyaali, F. Allali
{"title":"Correction to: Optimizing the performance of perovskite-based organic solar cells via graphene integration as the hole transport layer: a comprehensive analysis","authors":"M. ElMasfioui, S. Bahsine, M. M. Shabat, F. Lmai, A. Elbiyaali, F. Allali","doi":"10.1007/s12648-024-03516-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12648-024-03516-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":"99 5","pages":"1739 - 1739"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Finite element analysis of thermomechanical response in biological tissues under varying thermal conductivity","authors":"A Hobiny, I Abbas, A El-Bary","doi":"10.1007/s12648-025-03556-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12648-025-03556-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work offers numerical solutions within the framework of bio-thermoelastic model, addressing the bioheat transfer in living tissues due to laser irradiations, considering varying thermal conductivity. To carry out thermal therapy procedures efficiently, it is crucial to have a comprehensive understanding of both the thermal transmission mechanism and the subsequent mechanical and thermal interactions within the living tissues of the patient. Evaluating thermal injuries to the tissue requires assessing the extent of denatured proteins, employing the Arrhenius relation. Given the nonlinearity of the fundamental formulations, the finite element technique is employed to address and solve this problem. Graphical depictions of the numerical result portray the change in temperature, displacement, stress, and thermal damages in response to variations in thermal conductivity and thermal relaxation time. The findings obtained using the finite element approach are additionally compared with data from a pre-existing experimental data, confirming the numerical calculation accuracy through cross-referencing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":"99 9","pages":"3197 - 3206"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. M. Moharam, I. Ahmad, G. F. B. Solre, S. U. Asif, E. A. M. Saleh
{"title":"Structural, magnetic and dielectric features of Cu, Al substituted Ca-hexaferrites for magnetic and energy applications","authors":"M. M. Moharam, I. Ahmad, G. F. B. Solre, S. U. Asif, E. A. M. Saleh","doi":"10.1007/s12648-024-03534-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12648-024-03534-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The sol–gel method was used in our work to develop Ca<sub>1-x</sub>Cu<sub>x</sub>Fe<sub>12-x</sub>Al<sub>x</sub>O<sub>19</sub> (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) hexaferrites nanoparticles. The microstructure, phase, and magnetic characteristics of the samples were examined relative to different doping concentrations using SEM, XRD, and VSM techniques. The analysis indicates the presence of Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> phases in all samples. The lattice parameters ‘a’ and ‘c’ were initially reduced and then enhanced with doping level. Similarly, the average crystallite size showed a decline continuously. The remanence as well as saturation magnetization both decline first with the doping level and then rise after reaching their minimum values at x = 0.15. Analogously, as the doping level is raised, the coercivity as well as magneto-crystalline anisotropy field first declines and then increases. The sample with the best magnetic properties is Ca<sub>0.85</sub>Cu<sub>0.15</sub>Fe<sub>11.85</sub>Al<sub>0.15</sub>O<sub>19</sub> with M<sub>s</sub> = 27.954 emu/g, m<sub>B</sub>(µ<sub>B</sub>) = 5.117B, M<sub>r</sub> = 15.676 emu/g, M<sub>r</sub>/M<sub>s</sub> = 0.577, H<sub>c</sub> = 2.726 kOe, and H<sub>a</sub> = 0.852 kOe. Dielectric properties suggested the decrease in loss and enhancement in the dielectric constant. Results recommend that M-type hexagonal ferrites could be well adjusted for numerous magnetic usages such as magnetic filters, storage devices and high-performance self-biased circulators and energy applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":"99 8","pages":"2917 - 2928"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis of MnS thin film: investigation of thickness-dependent physical properties","authors":"Tuba Çayir Taşdemirci","doi":"10.1007/s12648-025-03545-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12648-025-03545-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Herein, manganese sulfide (MnS) thin films are grown on glass substrates using the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method. SILAR is simple and inexpensive, does not require a high-quality substrate or vacuum environment, has no limitation on the size of the substrate material, has the ability to obtain materials at room temperature, shows easier doping process relative to other methods, and has the ability to control the growth rate and thickness of films. MnS with different thicknesses is coated on a glass surface, and various analyses are performed to examine the effect of the thickness on the film properties. Ultraviolet–visible analysis is used to examine the optical properties of the film, X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectrometry to examine its structural properties, and scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) to examine its morphological properties. XRD results indicate that the obtained MnS thin films have a cubic structure and achieve the highest peak intensity at 2<i>θ</i> = 32.87°. With increasing film thickness, the grain size increases from 9.20 to 13.36 nm and the energy band gap decreases from 3.32 to 3.02 eV. AFM results demonstrate that with increasing film thickness, the surface roughness value decreases from 84 to 53 nm. Moreover, increasing thickness improves the optical, structural, and morphological properties of the film.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":"99 9","pages":"3247 - 3254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12648-025-03545-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenli Liu, Yonggen Xu, Qian Xu, Bocheng Li, Xueru Deng
{"title":"Dynamic evolution of coherence singularities of partially coherent elliptical vortex beam in non-Kolmogorov turbulent atmosphere","authors":"Wenli Liu, Yonggen Xu, Qian Xu, Bocheng Li, Xueru Deng","doi":"10.1007/s12648-025-03549-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12648-025-03549-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Our studies delved into the detailed analysis of the evolution behaviors of coherence singularities of partially coherent elliptical vortex beam (PCEVB) in non-Kolmogorov atmosphere turbulence. One found that when the reference point is off-axis, the coherence singularity of PCEVB splits firstly; then occurs new singularities; vanishes in pairs further; occurs in pairs again; finally annihilates in turbulence. Additionally, the impact of ellipticity on the evolution of coherence vortices and the dynamic evolution of coherence singularities when the reference point is on-axis have been studied. It can be found that ellipticity can induce the occurrence of coherence singularities and can suppress their annihilation. A noteworthy discovery is that correlation vortices can emerge in PCEVB when the reference point is on-axis, a phenomenon not observed in traditional partially coherent vortex beam. Furthermore, when the reference point is on-axis scenarios, two pairs of coherence singularities occur at first; then two pairs of coherence singularities with opposite topological charge approach each other; finally annihilate. To validate our results, we conducted simulation of the normalized intensity and spectral degree of coherence of beams using the random phase screen method. The simulation results align approximately with theoretical findings, providing robust support for the accuracy of our analysis. These results can provide the reference to practical application.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":"99 9","pages":"3499 - 3508"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unraveling the effect of thermally modified clusterization technique on fragmentation, transverse flow and nuclear stopping","authors":"Sucheta, Sakshi Gautam, Rajeev K. Puri","doi":"10.1007/s12648-025-03550-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12648-025-03550-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study investigates the advantages of thermal binding energy over cold binding energy in the clustering technique for identifying bound structures, particularly in the context of multifragmentation, transverse flow, and nuclear stopping. To analyze the nucleon’s phase space, the Quantum Molecular Dynamics (QMD) model is employed, incorporating an enhanced version of the widely used Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) clusterization algorithm. This enhancement involves applying binding energy constraints to pre-clusters. Our findings highlight the significant impact of thermal binding constraints on various observables in <span>(^{40})</span>Ca <span>(+)</span> <span>(^{40})</span>Ca and <span>(^{197})</span>Au <span>(+)</span> <span>(^{197})</span>Au collisions at low beam energies. However, the influence of this modification diminishes as beam energy increases. Furthermore, we compared nuclear stopping results from our calculations with experimental data from the INDRA collaboration. This comparison reveals that incorporating thermal binding energy constraints yields results that align more closely with experimental measurements compared to those based on cold matter binding energy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":"99 9","pages":"3435 - 3444"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145162778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Synthesis and comprehensive investigation of ZnCoFe2O4 nanoferrite: unveiling SiO2 nanoparticle substitution effects on structural, morphological, and magnetic properties","authors":"A. M. Mohammad","doi":"10.1007/s12648-025-03543-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12648-025-03543-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, Zn<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> spinel nanoferrites were synthesized via a conventional sol–gel combustion method at varying calcination temperatures (as-burnt, 500, 600, and 700 °C). Nanocomposites of the formula <sub>100</sub><sub>-<i>x</i></sub>(Zn<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) + <sub><i>x</i></sub>(SiO<sub>2</sub>) were then prepared by substituting these ferrite nanopowders with amorphous SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles at different concentrations (<i>x</i> = 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 wt.%). This blend was homogenized in a ceramic mortar for one hour for uniform component distribution. X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of Zn<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.5</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoferrite with the <span>(Fdoverline{3 }m)</span> space group, showing crystallite size increases from 5.21 nm at as-burnt to 46.31 nm at 700 °C. SiO<sub>2</sub> substitution increased crystallite sizes from 36.25 nm to 49.05 nm as SiO<sub>2</sub> content rose from 0% to 8 wt.% in nanoferrite samples calcined at 600 °C. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis identified absorption bands characteristic of the cubic spinel structure in both calcined and SiO<sub>2</sub>-substituted samples, showcasing structural adjustments due to calcination and SiO<sub>2</sub> substitution. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed that particle sizes increased from 13.23 nm to 51.00 nm with calcination and further changed with SiO<sub>2</sub> incorporation, affecting the ferrite matrix microstructure and resulting in particle size increases from 42.77 nm to 52.92 nm with 2% to 8% SiO<sub>2</sub>. Magnetic properties generally improved, displaying increased saturation and remanent magnetization, albeit with decreasing coercivity with temperature except at 700 °C. However, SiO<sub>2</sub> substitution led to reduced saturation and remanent magnetization and varied coercivity, peaking at a 4% SiO<sub>2</sub> level. These structural and ferromagnetic changes suggest significant potential for biomedical applications in the nanocomposites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":584,"journal":{"name":"Indian Journal of Physics","volume":"99 9","pages":"3231 - 3245"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}