Tissue Engineering Part A最新文献

{"title":"Engineering Vascularized Transplantable Soft Tissue Free Flaps in Sheep Using the Arteriovenous Loop Technique.","authors":"Florian Falkner, Simon Andreas Mayer, Benjamin Thomas, Arno Dimmler, Patrick Heimel, Karl Schneider, Annika Kengelbach-Weigand, Anne-Margarethe Kramer, Rebecca Luisa Schaefer, Adriana C Panayi, Jonathan P Sleeman, Wilko Thiele, Bruno Podesser, Helga Bergmeister, Ulrich Kneser, Volker J Schmidt, Amir K Bigdeli","doi":"10.1177/19373341251372950","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19373341251372950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to grow axially vascularized soft tissue flaps in sheep using the arteriovenous loop (AVL) technique to be transplanted for defect reconstruction. This technique may be a promising alternative to conventional free flaps to further reduce flap donor site morbidity. In this pilot study, AVLs (<i>n</i> = 12) were created in the groins of six sheep, placed into an isolation chamber, and embedded in Matriderm®. Tissue volume, vascularization, and cell proliferation were assessed on postoperative day (POD) 28 using immunohistochemical staining and microcomputed tomography (µCT). Four AVL free flaps were microsurgically anastomosed to the neck vessels in a standardized defect sheep model on POD 28. Defect closure and intrinsically vascularized scaffold-based bioengineered flaps (IVSBs) flap perfusion were studied by angiography and histology 10 days after transplantation. One IVSB flap was lost due to chamber infection. At POD 28, the remaining 11 IVSB flaps had filled the isolation chamber. Histological examination and µCT analysis of seven IVSB flaps verified homogeneous microvascular networks within the flaps. The mean number of microvessels, vessel volume, and the percentage of proliferating cells increased significantly over time. In the defect model, all four transplanted flaps showed macroscopically, angiographically, and histologically stable defect closure 10 days after transplantation, with homogeneous vascular integration into the surrounding tissue. This pilot study demonstrates that in a large animal model complex, defects can be reconstructed using free IVSB flaps with a clinically relevant tissue volume. These data provide the preclinical proof prior to human application.</p>","PeriodicalId":56375,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Engineering Part A","volume":" ","pages":"456-465"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cpne7 Peptides Enhance the Osteogenic Potential of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.","authors":"Agata Tymińska, Aneta Skoniecka, Natalia Karska, Katarzyna Czerwiec, Barbara Kutryb-Zając, Karolina Kondej, Jacek Zieliński, Katarzyna Gurzawska-Comis, Piotr M Skowron, Sylwia Rodziewicz-Motowidło, Michał Pikuła","doi":"10.1177/19373341251398049","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19373341251398049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cartilage and osteochondral disorders pose an increasing clinical, economic, and social challenge. With an aging population, there is a need to develop innovative, nonsurgical strategies for treating defects, fractures, and other osteochondral disorders. Bone implants require surgical intervention, carry a risk of complications, are expensive, and do not always provide comfort to the patient. Alternatively, stimulation of bone regeneration using synthetic peptides is a promising and less invasive option in the treatment of trauma, orthopedics, craniofacial surgery, and dentistry. In the present study, we evaluated the biological effects of two peptides: the novel peptide UG27 and CDP4 derived from the protein Cpne7 (Copine 7), on the activity of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Using labeling, differentiation, and imaging methods, we demonstrated the effect of UG27 on viability, biomineralization, extracellular matrix, and calcium salt growth in osteocytes. The peptides were immunologically safe and stimulated cell migration without showing any cytotoxic effects. The peptide, UG27, has an active connection with the biomaterial and is a promising compound in bone injury therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":56375,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Engineering Part A","volume":"32 13-14","pages":"488-500"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148201231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scaffold-Free Osteochondral Engineering Using Embryonic-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Spheroids.","authors":"Shawn P Grogan, Nicholas E Glembotski, Erik W Dorthé, Darryl D D'Lima","doi":"10.1177/19373341251364197","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19373341251364197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we explored whether embryonic stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cell (ES-MSC) cellular spheroids in combination with a closed chamber system could be used to create scaffold-free cartilage and endochondral graft tissues. ES-MSC cellular spheroids were cultured in chondrogenic medium for 3-4 days and seeded into a customizable Net Mold chamber system (NCS) and cultured in chondrogenic medium for an additional 18 days to fuse and form a single tissue construct. To assess potential for cartilage repair, cellular spheroids were matured in the NCS for only 7 days before implantation into <i>ex vivo</i> human cartilage defects. To engineer osteochondral tissues, cellular spheroids were initially cultured in chondrogenic medium for 14 days, seeded into one well of the NSC, and cultured together in osteogenic medium for 21 days. For the chondrogenic phase, cellular spheroids were initially cultured in chondrogenic medium for 14 days before seeding in an NCS chamber, adjacent to the osteogenic spheroids. The combined osteogenic and chondrogenic constructs were cultured in serum-free medium for an additional 3 weeks. Cellular spheroids cultured in the NCS developed into neocartilage tissues expressing cartilage-associated genes (<i>COL2A1</i>, <i>ACAN</i>, and <i>COMP</i>) and stained positive for cartilage matrix molecules (glycosaminoglycan and collagen type II). The cartilage-like constructs that were implanted into cartilage defects created in <i>ex vivo</i> osteoarthritic (OA) tissue resulted in repair tissue with an elastic modulus of 46 ± 6 kPa that was histologically integrated with the explant tissues. Spheroids cultured in osteogenic medium produced tissues that were positive for von Kossa stain and for osteopontin immunostaining. Pre-differentiation in chondrogenic and osteogenic medium before placing in the NCS resulted in fused cartilage and bone-like constructs with regional production of chondrogenic and mineralized matrix (Alizarin Red S, von Kossa, and osteopontin positive). Spheroids in stacked NCS chambers produced osteochondral neotissues up to 2 mm in thickness. Our results indicate the potential for cellular spheroids, from a clinically relevant ES-MSC source, to generate scaffold-free chondrogenic or osteochondrogenic graft tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":56375,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Engineering Part A","volume":" ","pages":"441-455"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Human Progenitor Cell-Based Tissue Engineered Intervertebral Disc.","authors":"Sage S Frehner, Matthew Fainor, Galina Dulatov, Ryan Ringwood, Hannah Loftus, Cody Warner, Aira Bazaz, Harvey E Smith, Robert L Mauck, Isaac Erickson, Sarah E Gullbrand PhD","doi":"10.1177/19373341251373104","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19373341251373104","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cell and tissue engineering therapies provide promise for regenerating damaged intervertebral disc (IVD) tissue and resolving the low back pain that often accompanies it. However, these treatments remain experimental and unavailable for patients. Furthermore, the large body of work characterizing and utilizing mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for these applications has, unfortunately, not resulted in any FDA-approved spinal therapies. Herein, we characterized DiscGenics's human cadaver-derived discogenic nucleus pulposus (NP) progenitor cells and, for the first time, their discogenic annulus fibrosus (AF) progenitor cells. We then used these discogenic NP and AF cells to create biomimetic human-sized total tissue-engineered IVD replacements, also known as endplate-modified angle ply structures (eDAPS), and compared these with eDAPS formulated with goat or human MSCs. Prior to eDAPS fabrication, discogenic cells were expanded using either two-dimensional attachment culture or three-dimensional suspension culture. Currently, no data exist as to how these discogenic progenitor cells deposit extracellular matrix in a 3D culture environment, nor do data exist characterizing whether the unique expansion environment influences subsequent discogenic cell behavior. Our data support that NP and AF discogenic cells occupy unique niches and serve distinct functions, both in the IVD and in an <i>in vitro</i> 3D culture environment. As a result, discogenic cells deposited more matrix overall than did MSCs. That matrix was distinct between the NP and AF analogs of the tissue-engineered IVDs while also being more homogeneous within each region. Most importantly, unlike both MSC groups, discogenic cells deposited little to no collagen X, suggesting that discogenic eDAPS possess a more stable regional phenotype that will be less susceptible to hypertrophy and downstream calcification. Overall, DiscGenics's discogenic NP and AF cells made compositionally and mechanically superior eDAPS when compared with both human and goat MSCs, with only minor differences between attachment- and suspension-derived discogenic cell eDAPS, supporting their use as a cell source for the creation of human-scale living whole disc replacements.</p>","PeriodicalId":56375,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Engineering Part A","volume":" ","pages":"466-477"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular Matrix Degradation Products Inhibit Esophageal Cancer Cell Proliferation and Migration.","authors":"Xue Li, Daniela J Romero, Lindsey T Saldin, Li Zhang, Lina M Quijano, Vera S Donnenberg, Stephen F Badylak","doi":"10.1177/19373341251398055","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19373341251398055","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biological materials composed of extracellular matrix (ECM) or its components have been successfully used for tissue repair and reconstruction. Preclinical studies, along with a cohort study following stage T1A esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) resection, have shown that ECM biomaterials can restore esophageal mucosa and submucosa without cancer recurrence. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain largely unexplored. The present study investigates the <i>in vitro</i> effects of ECM degradation products from nonmalignant esophageal (eECM) and urinary bladder (ubECM) sources on EAC cell proliferation, migration, and associated signaling pathways. Both eECM and ubECM significantly inhibited OE33 cell proliferation, with eECM exhibiting a stronger effect-reducing proliferation to 25% at 24 h and 7% at 72 h compared with pepsin control (<i>p</i> < 0.001). A high-throughput cell surface marker screen followed by gene and protein expression analysis revealed that both ECM sources downregulated CD164 and CXCR4, reducing CXCR4 protein levels by approximately 50% (<i>p</i> = 0.006 for eECM, <i>p</i> = 0.007 for ubECM). Notably, only eECM significantly suppressed OE33 cell migration (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.0001) and downregulated bone morphogenetic protein 4 <i>BMP4</i> expression, along with its downstream targets pSMAD1/5/8, <i>ID2</i>, and <i>SNAI2</i>, thereby reducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition. These findings support the concept that biochemical cues from nonmalignant ECM modulate neoplastic cell behavior. Given the involvement of PI3K-Akt and BMP4 signaling in EAC progression, ECM-based strategies may warrant further investigation as potential therapeutic approaches following esophageal cancer resection.</p>","PeriodicalId":56375,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Engineering Part A","volume":" ","pages":"478-487"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13535582/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145671048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogel-Encapsulated Primed MSCs Enhance Regeneration in Full-Thickness Porcine Burn Wounds.","authors":"Kristopher White, Victor Pozzo, Alec R Andrews, Rabab Chalaby, Annie T Dinh, Pierre Tawa, Golda Romano, Alexandre G Lellouch, Curtis L Cetrulo, Ronke Olabisi","doi":"10.1177/19373341261460268","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19373341261460268","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Severe burn injuries pose significant clinical challenges, with high risks of infection, excessive inflammation, and impaired wound healing. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown regenerative and antimicrobial potential; however, their therapeutic efficacy is constrained by poor survival and engraftment. Here, we demonstrate that priming MSCs with insulin-secreting cells (ISCs) and encapsulating them in hydrogels (HEMI) enhances their regenerative function, leading to accelerated healing of full-thickness burns in a porcine model. By 5 weeks, 80% of HEMI-treated wounds achieved complete closure, compared with 50% of MSC-only wounds and 0% of standard-of-care control wounds. All groups exhibited partial wound closure over time, but no control wounds reached complete closure within the study period. Histological analysis revealed complete epidermal and dermal regeneration with minimal fibrosis in HEMI-treated wounds. Single-cell RNA sequencing and differentially abundant sequencing analysis identified distinct MSC subpopulations whose relative abundance and transcriptional profiles differed between insulin-primed and control MSCs, with insulin priming promoting pathways involved in extracellular matrix stabilization, immune modulation, and oxidative stress resistance. Our findings suggest that insulin priming enhances MSC-mediated tissue repair via paracrine mechanisms, providing a clinically translatable strategy for improving burn treatment and regenerative medicine applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":56375,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Engineering Part A","volume":" ","pages":"19373341261460268"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148354828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unidirectional Porous Carbonate Apatite Fabricated by Gelatin-Based Freeze Casting for Bone Regeneration.","authors":"Zhanrui Lou, Ryo Kishida, Pery Freitas, Kunio Ishikawa","doi":"10.1177/19373341261463761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19373341261463761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To develop bone grafts with superior osteoconductivity, we have fabricated unidirectionally connected porous carbonate apatite (CAp) via gelatin gelation combined with freeze-drying. A composite of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) and gelatin was first gelled at low temperature and then subjected to directional freeze-drying to create well-aligned macroporous channels. The samples were then sintered to remove the organic components and subsequently phosphatized to convert the composition into CAp. The resulting material exhibited a porosity exceeding 80% with fully interconnected unidirectional pores favorable for cell migration and vascular infiltration. Bone regeneration was evaluated by implanting the material into rabbit femoral bone defects; a comparison was also made with nonoriented porous controls. Histological and radiographical analyses demonstrated that the unidirectional porous structure significantly enhanced directional ingrowth of new bone tissue and accelerated early-stage bone formation relative to the control. This study demonstrates that unidirectional porous CAp fabricated via a gelatin-based freeze-casting method is promising for bone regeneration, particularly in clinical applications requiring guided bone formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":56375,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Engineering Part A","volume":" ","pages":"19373341261463761"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148347268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regenerative Nanoscaffolds for Chronic Tympanic Membrane Perforation: From Bench to Clinical Translation.","authors":"Woochan Kim, Sang Won Beom, Selin Choi, Hye Won Yang, Dream Kim, Shinyull Lee, Harshita Sharma, Chaeyeon Park, Seong Jun Choi, Jangho Kim","doi":"10.1177/19373341261463759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/19373341261463759","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic tympanic membrane (TM) perforation remains difficult to resolve without surgery because of poor intrinsic healing capacity and limitations of passive, nonsurgical materials. Although patch-based approaches are common, most merely provide passive coverage and lack intrinsic therapeutic capability to drive tissue regeneration. We developed and clinically evaluated an extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimetic, drug-free nanopattern guidance (NG) patch for TM repair, marking a paradigm shift from passive coverage to active, biophysically driven regeneration. The NG patch is a biocompatible, implantable scaffold with aligned nanotopography that recapitulates native ECM architecture, coupled with a hydrocolloid adhesive layer to ensure secure placement. In a prospective study of 18 patients, the NG patch achieved a 61% overall healing rate with 50% complete closure and no serious adverse events. In rat models, a single application induced complete healing within 2 weeks. Mechanistic <i>in vitro</i> assays demonstrated that the nanopatterned surface enhances fibroblast adhesion, alignment, and directional migration, supporting organized tissue closure. Collectively, the NG patch offers a minimally invasive approach that activates TM repair through physical cues without exogenous drugs. This first clinical evaluation of an ECM-mimetic nanotopographical scaffold introduces a strategy to redefine the standard of care for chronic TM perforation and related defects.</p>","PeriodicalId":56375,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Engineering Part A","volume":" ","pages":"19373341261463759"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148340933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Driving Force of Hierarchical Collagen Fiber Formation: A Review of Tendon, Ligament, and Meniscus Mechanobiology.","authors":"Tristan Strayer, Jennifer L Puetzer","doi":"10.1177/19373341261460256","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19373341261460256","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In tendons, ligaments, and menisci, collagen fibers running the length of the tissue are the primary source of strength and function. Cells assemble these fibers hierarchically from nanometer-wide fibrils into larger fibers and fascicles, increasing in size throughout development and with mechanical loading. These fibers largely do not regenerate after injury or with repair, limiting recovery options. Engineered replacements are a promising treatment option; however, it remains a challenge to produce the hierarchical collagen fibers essential to tissue strength, limiting their applications. To better repair, regenerate, and engineer these tissues, we must better understand how cells regulate hierarchical fiber formation and maintenance. It is well established that mechanical cues are critical for cell-driven hierarchical fiber formation, which cells sense through several mechanisms, such as integrin-mediated adhesions, cell-to-cell connections, mechanosensitive ion channels, primary cilia, and caveolae. These mechanisms of mechanosensation have been well studied at the fibril scale of collagen organization, but as tissues mature, the loading environment becomes more complex, with cells experiencing increasing secondary shear and compressive loads generated by the developing hierarchical structure. Mechanical cues in this environment are likely sensed through several pathways, each likely playing a role in tissue maturation and injury. There remains a clear gap in our understanding of the later stages of hierarchical fiber formation, which are crucial to better understand since large hierarchical fibers dominate the human musculoskeletal system. Here, we review the role of mechanobiology in hierarchical fiber development and maintenance, and highlight what still needs further research to better regenerate fibers in engineered replacements or <i>in vivo</i> after injury. A better understanding of the mechanisms by which cells form hierarchically organized collagen fibers could help to overcome the limitations of current tissue engineering techniques and help to create functional repairs and replacements.</p>","PeriodicalId":56375,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Engineering Part A","volume":" ","pages":"19373341261460256"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148334861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of IFN-γ-Pretreated Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Implanted in Mesh on Pelvic Organ Prolapse.","authors":"Shiyu Liu, Fei Meng, Yanting Sun, Qing Zhao, Jinhua Zhou, Juan Wang, Hongmei Ding, Youguo Chen, Fangrong Shen","doi":"10.1177/19373341261460274","DOIUrl":"10.1177/19373341261460274","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is an urgent clinical challenge, and traditional surgical treatment is limited by high recurrence rate, erosion, mesh exposure, pain, and other complications. Recently, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UMSCs) have emerged as a promising modality for tissue regeneration and Pelvic floor repair. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of polypropylene mesh (Gynemesh^TM PS) loaded with human UMSCs (HUMSCs) primed with IFN-γ for the treatment of POP. In this study, an ideal IFN-γ concentration was chosen to stimulate HUMSCs and create an enhanced version by incorporating the activated HUMSCs onto the mesh. Balloon distension was used to create a rat POP model, and the mesh was implanted into the vaginal wall of rats. The meshes were removed at week four after implantation in order to assess the treatment effect. The improved mesh displays good biocompatibility. <i>In vitro</i> results indicate that IFN-γ stimulates HUMSC proliferation and enhances paracrine effects. <i>In vitro</i> results also demonstrate that it effectively reduces inflammation and promotes angiogenesis, collagen deposition, and cell proliferation, thereby accelerating tissue repair. Overall, this innovative therapeutic approach offers a new avenue for POP.</p>","PeriodicalId":56375,"journal":{"name":"Tissue Engineering Part A","volume":" ","pages":"19373341261460274"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148334915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}