HISTOIRE SOCIALE-SOCIAL HISTORY最新文献

{"title":"Feeling Feminism: Activism, Affect, and Canada’s Second Wave by Lara Campbell, Dawson Michael and Catherine Gidney (review)","authors":"N. Janovicek","doi":"10.1353/his.2023.a899613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/his.2023.a899613","url":null,"abstract":"in religious and political upheaval, had a long gestation, and its implementation developed incrementally over decades. Secondly, utopia is not inevitably dangerous, bound to end in dystopia. In fact, B. Compton Limited conducted an orderly dissolution when the group’s religious and communal practices no longer suited enough of the members to logically continue. Members could see more appealing ways to be in the world. This is how most Canadian-built utopias have ended. Eventually, all utopias wear out. But just because a specific implementation of an ideal collapses does not mean the ideal itself dies. Discontinuity, yes; but the ideal can be expected to reappear elsewhere, in another form, at another time. Thanks to the full picture the author presents, readers can see what the Comptons chose to resist and what they had to negotiate to creatively configure a settlement in PEI that worked satisfactorily for them and was tolerated by outsiders. While the story is about the Compton utopia, it is also about the character of the surrounding non-utopian culture that supported the way of life Comptons resisted for reasons generations of the family found rational. The insertion of the Compton utopia into the non-utopian PEI milieu happened despite that difference. Traces of the power dynamics exerted inside and outside the settlement to make that happen are part of the history of how ideas were championed at that particular time and place.","PeriodicalId":56358,"journal":{"name":"HISTOIRE SOCIALE-SOCIAL HISTORY","volume":"56 1","pages":"200 - 202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43344243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poor Relief and “Cheap Labour”: Pauper Apprenticeship and Auctions in Early Nineteenth-Century Nova Scotia","authors":"Keith Grant","doi":"10.1353/his.2023.a899601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/his.2023.a899601","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:As urban communities increasingly turned to state-funded, centralized institutions to assist poor residents, rural townships like Cornwallis, Nova Scotia, continued to focus most of their poor relief on the household. Well into the nineteenth century, these townships sought to relieve poverty by indenturing poor children as apprentices, annually boarding poor adults as servants, and auctioning the labour of children and adults to the lowest bidder at town meetings. These practices were in the interest of paternalistic benevolence and order. Yet, the witness of the people affected by that system of rural poor relief (and of contemporary critics) is that their bonds limited their choices, exploited them as “cheap labour,” and, in many cases, further marginalized communities that were already labouring under racist attitudes and the legacies of slavery. Poor relief was one form of “low law” that reinforced unequal social and labour relations.Abstract:Alors que les communautés urbaines se tournaient de plus en plus vers des institutions centralisées et financées par l’État pour venir en aide aux résidents pauvres, les cantons ruraux comme Cornwallis, en Nouvelle-Écosse, continuaient de concentrer la majeure partie de leur assistance aux pauvres sur le ménage. Pendant une bonne partie du XIXe siècle, ces cantons ont tâché de soulager la pauvreté en engageant des enfants pauvres comme apprentis, en plaçant tous les ans des adultes défavorisés en pension en tant que domestiques et en vendant aux enchères le travail des enfants et des adultes au plus bas soumissionnaire lors des assemblées municipales. Ces pratiques relevaient d’un souci de bienveillance paternaliste et d’ordre. Pourtant, les témoignages des personnes touchées par ce système d’aide aux pauvres en milieu rural (et des critiques contemporains) indiquent que leurs obligations limitaient leurs choix, les exploitaient comme de la « main-d’œuvre bon marché » et, dans de nombreux cas, marginalisaient encore davantage les communautés qui étaient déjà en proie à des attitudes racistes et aux séquelles de l’esclavage. Le secours aux pauvres constituait ainsi une forme de « loi basse » qui consolidait des rapports sociaux et de travail inégaux.","PeriodicalId":56358,"journal":{"name":"HISTOIRE SOCIALE-SOCIAL HISTORY","volume":"56 1","pages":"43 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48831535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Blood of the Colony: Wine and the Rise and Fall of French Algeria by Owen White (review)","authors":"K. Guy","doi":"10.1353/his.2023.a899629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/his.2023.a899629","url":null,"abstract":"Velvet Empire is a compelling read. It draws upon an impressive array of sources to offer a sweeping perspective of France’s rising global economic influence over the nineteenth century. In addition, Todd does an especially impressive job of showing how French intellectuals and statesmen theorized and formulated French economic activity as a kind of imperialism that allowed them to hold their heads high in relation to Britain. In the end, though, even Todd seems to hesitate on whether these rhetorical flourishes and economic practices truly constituted a form of imperial domination distinct from the complex workings of global finance capitalism. Though he ostensibly offers the case study on Egypt to prove his argument, Todd nevertheless plants seeds of doubt even as he seeks to persuade readers that this is, in fact, imperialism. The evidence he offers in the final chapter does not always quiet these doubts. Part of the issue is that Todd needs both a more robust theorization of capitalism and imperialism to make the argument that distorted economic exchanges backed by imposed legal codes and military authority that unequally benefit merchants and financiers is something more than the mundane operation of nineteenth-century bourgeois capitalism on a global scale. Todd’s work thus raises two additional questions: How does defining activities as imperialism the way he does expand our understanding of empire as a system of control? Similarly, how does defining these activities as imperialism expand our understanding of how French capitalism and global capitalism developed over the nineteenth century? In leaving the reader with such questions, Todd’s book complicates rather than resolves the riddle and paradox with which he begins, but does so in a way that ought to continue the discussion and debate that inspired the writing of A Velvet Empire.","PeriodicalId":56358,"journal":{"name":"HISTOIRE SOCIALE-SOCIAL HISTORY","volume":"56 1","pages":"236 - 239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41865427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Power of Scenery: Frederick Law Olmsted and the Origin of the National Parks by Dennis Drabelle (review)","authors":"John Sandlos","doi":"10.1353/his.2023.a899617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/his.2023.a899617","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56358,"journal":{"name":"HISTOIRE SOCIALE-SOCIAL HISTORY","volume":"56 1","pages":"209 - 211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44804321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreign Practices: Immigrant Doctors and the History of Canadian Medicare by Sasha Mullally and Wright David (review)","authors":"H. Macdougall","doi":"10.1353/his.2023.a899626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/his.2023.a899626","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56358,"journal":{"name":"HISTOIRE SOCIALE-SOCIAL HISTORY","volume":"56 1","pages":"230 - 232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43272012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Making a Modern U.S. West: The Contested Terrain of a Region and Its Borders, 1898–1940 by Sarah Deutsch (review)","authors":"S. Mcmanus","doi":"10.1353/his.2023.a899616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/his.2023.a899616","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56358,"journal":{"name":"HISTOIRE SOCIALE-SOCIAL HISTORY","volume":"56 1","pages":"207 - 209"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43170381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Richesse, terre et valeur dans l’Occident médiéval. Économie politique et économie chrétienne by Laurent Feller (review)","authors":"P. Lambert","doi":"10.1353/his.2023.a899620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/his.2023.a899620","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56358,"journal":{"name":"HISTOIRE SOCIALE-SOCIAL HISTORY","volume":"56 1","pages":"215 - 217"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46103023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La Maison d’Haïti: Haitian Stories of Resistance and Black Diasporic Activism in Montréal, 1972–1986","authors":"Désirée Rochat","doi":"10.1353/his.2022.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/his.2022.0032","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:La Maison d’Haïti, a community-based organization in Montréal founded in 1972, was an important locus of Haitian diasporic activism during the era of Duvalier’s dictatorship (1957–1986). Part of this activism relied on mobilizing Haitian history in the Canadian context. Activists revived histories of Haitian resistance and transmitted them through a variety of educational, cultural, and advocacy activities. This historical transmission aimed to mobilize, politicize, and connect community members. It also served in the struggle against racism and discrimination and helped to value community members’ knowledge and experiences. Primary research into La Maison d’Haïti’s archives along with oral history interviews with nine activists involved in the organization demonstrate how their work of community-based historical transmission and activation is inscribed within a longer tradition of Black diasporic activism.Abstract:La Maison d’Haïti, une organisation communautaire située à Montréal et fondée en 1972, fut un important lieu de militantisme pour la diaspora haïtienne pendant l’ère du régime dictatorial duvaliériste (1957-1986). Une part de ce militantisme reposait sur la mobilisation de l’histoire haïtienne dans le contexte canadien. Les militantes et militants ont ravivé des récits de la résistance haïtienne et les ont transmis dans le cadre de diverses activités éducatives, culturelles et de plaidoyer. Cette transmission de l’histoire visait à mobiliser, politiser et tisser des liens entre les membres de la communauté. Elle a également joué un rôle dans la lutte contre le racisme et la discrimination et a contribué à mettre en valeur les connaissances et les expériences des membres de la communauté. Des recherches primaires dans les archives de La Maison d’Haïti, accompagnées d’entretiens oraux réalisés auprès de neuf militantes et militants impliqués dans cette organisation, démontrent comment leur travail communautaire de transmission et de mobilisation historiques s’inscrit à l’intérieur d’une longue tradition de militantisme de la diaspora Noire.","PeriodicalId":56358,"journal":{"name":"HISTOIRE SOCIALE-SOCIAL HISTORY","volume":"55 1","pages":"325 - 344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48742478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diaspora Dynamics: Canadian Immigration Policy and the Caribbean Connection","authors":"James W. St.G. Walker","doi":"10.1353/his.2022.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/his.2022.0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Immigration is the most fundamental policy a government can set. The nature of the country itself is determined by the kind of people who are allowed to enter. An overview of Canadian immigration policy with respect to the peoples of the Caribbean provides a kind of pulse to monitor the Canada Canadians want. These policies also offer a window into mainstream Canadian attitudes toward Black people. The circumstances in which they have or have not been admitted reveal the place of African Canadians already in Canadian society. Tracing this policy therefore provides another pulse: to monitor mainstream Canadian racism. Because Caribbean immigrants have persevered, participating prominently in challenges to entry restrictions and domestic racism, they have contributed substantially to Black life in Canada and especially to the more direct inclusion of African Canadians in the broader African diaspora.Abstract:L’immigration est la politique la plus fondamentale qu’un gouvernement puisse définir. La nature même du pays est déterminée par le type de personnes qui sont autorisées à y entrer. En prenant une vue d’ensemble de la politique d’immigration du Canada à l’égard des populations caribéennes, on peut en quelque sorte de prendre le pouls du Canada que désirent les Canadiens. Ces politiques permettent également de jeter un coup d’œil sur l’attitude générale des Canadiens envers les Noirs. Les circonstances dans lesquelles ces personnes ont été admises ou non révèlent la place des Afro-Canadiens déjà présents dans la société canadienne. Suivre le fil de cette politique offre en outre la possibilité d’observer l’évolution des principales tendances du racisme au Canada. Grâce à leur persévérance et à leur importante participation aux contestations des restrictions à l’entrée et du racisme au pays, les immigrants caribéens ont fortement contribué à la vie des Noirs au Canada, particulièrement à l’inclusion des Afro-Canadiens dans la grande diaspora africaine.","PeriodicalId":56358,"journal":{"name":"HISTOIRE SOCIALE-SOCIAL HISTORY","volume":"55 1","pages":"249 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43968196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration and Labour Mobility: The Narratives of Immigrant Women in Toronto, 1970s–1990s","authors":"Sandria L. Green-Stewart","doi":"10.1353/his.2022.0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/his.2022.0033","url":null,"abstract":"Oral histories can amplify the voices of marginalized, racialized women who have been otherwise excluded from history. The stories of six Caribbean women of colour who migrated to Canada between the 1970s and the 1990s lay bare the opportunities and the challenges of international labour mobility and migration. Shaped by the intersectionality of race, class, gender, and citizenship, the women were able to adjust to the demographic, social, political, and economic changes of the late twentieth century’s global economy by harnessing labour mobility. These women—and their life stories—form a salient part of the social history of immigration, domestic service, and health care in late twentieth century Toronto.","PeriodicalId":56358,"journal":{"name":"HISTOIRE SOCIALE-SOCIAL HISTORY","volume":"55 114","pages":"345-370"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147921050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}