David Shulman, Assaf Israeli, Yael Botnaro, Ori Margalit, Oved Tamir, Shaul Naschitz, Dan Gamrasni, Ofer M. Shir, Itai Dattner
{"title":"Physics-Guided Inverse Regression for Crop Quality Assessment","authors":"David Shulman, Assaf Israeli, Yael Botnaro, Ori Margalit, Oved Tamir, Shaul Naschitz, Dan Gamrasni, Ofer M. Shir, Itai Dattner","doi":"10.1007/s13253-024-00643-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13253-024-00643-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present an innovative approach leveraging Physics-Guided Neural Networks (PGNNs) for enhancing agricultural quality assessments. Central to our methodology is the application of physics-guided inverse regression, a technique that significantly improves the model’s ability to precisely predict quality metrics of crops. This approach directly addresses the challenges of scalability, speed, and practicality that traditional assessment methods face. By integrating physical principles, notably Fick’s second law of diffusion, into neural network architectures, our developed PGNN model achieves a notable advancement in enhancing both the interpretability and accuracy of assessments. Empirical validation conducted on cucumbers and mushrooms demonstrates the superior capability of our model in outperforming conventional computer vision techniques in postharvest quality evaluation. This underscores our contribution as a scalable and efficient solution to the pressing demands of global food supply challenges.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":56336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Biological and Environmental Statistics","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141745250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Efficient Augmented Block Designs for Unreplicated Test Treatments Along with Replicated Controls","authors":"Rahul Mukerjee","doi":"10.1007/s13253-024-00629-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13253-024-00629-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Augmented block designs for unreplicated test treatments are investigated under the <i>A</i>- and <i>MV</i>-criteria with respect to test versus test, control versus test and control versus control comparisons. We derive design-independent lower bounds on these criteria over a wide class of competing designs. These bounds are useful benchmarks and the resulting expressions for efficiencies enable objective assessment of any given design under the<i>A</i>- and <i>MV</i>-criteria. It is seen that the use of BIB designs and duals thereof as well as existing block design catalogs often leads to very high efficiencies for all three types of comparisons. Illustrative examples, including a large-scale one, are presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":56336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Biological and Environmental Statistics","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141546999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Veronica Vinciotti, Ernst C. Wit, Francisco Richter
{"title":"Random Graphical Model of Microbiome Interactions in Related Environments","authors":"Veronica Vinciotti, Ernst C. Wit, Francisco Richter","doi":"10.1007/s13253-024-00638-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13253-024-00638-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The microbiome constitutes a complex microbial ecology of interacting components that regulates important pathways in the host. Most microbial communities at various body sites tend to share common substructures of interactions, while also showing diversity related to the needs of the local environment. The aim of this paper is to develop a method for inferring both the common core and the differences in such microbiota systems. The approach combines two elements: (i) a random graph model generating networks across environments, and capturing potential relatedness at the structural level, with (ii) a Gaussian copula graphical model for the inference of environment-specific networks from multivariate microbial data. We propose a Bayesian approach for the joint inference of microbiota systems from metagenomic data for a number of body sites. The analysis of human microbiome data shows how the proposed random graphical model is able to capture varying levels of structural similarity across the different body sites and how this is supported by their taxonomical classification. Beyond a stable core, the inferred microbiome systems show interesting differences between the body sites, as well as interpretable relationships between various classes of microbes.\u0000</p>","PeriodicalId":56336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Biological and Environmental Statistics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Modified Bayesian Optimization Approach for Determining a Training Set to Identify the Best Genotypes from a Candidate Population in Genomic Selection","authors":"Hui-Ning Tu, Chen-Tuo Liao","doi":"10.1007/s13253-024-00632-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13253-024-00632-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Training set optimization is a crucial factor affecting the probability of success for plant breeding programs using genomic selection. Conventionally, the training set optimization is developed to maximize Pearson’s correlation between true breeding values and genomic estimated breeding values for a testing population, because it is an essential component of genetic gain in plant breeding. However, many practical breeding programs aim to identify the best genotypes for target traits in a breeding population. A modified Bayesian optimization approach is therefore developed in this study to construct training sets for tackling such an interesting problem. The proposed approach is based on Monte Carlo simulation and data cross-validation, which is shown to be competitive with the existing methods developed to achieve the maximal Pearson’s correlation. Four real genome datasets, including two rice, one wheat, and one soybean, are analyzed in this study. An R package is generated to facilitate the application of the proposed approach. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.</p>","PeriodicalId":56336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Biological and Environmental Statistics","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141547000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Francisco Mandujano Reyes, Ian P. McGahan, Ting Fung Ma, Anne E. Ballmann, Daniel P. Walsh, Jun Zhu
{"title":"Non-stationary Extensions of the Diffusion-Based Gaussian Matérn Field for Ecological Applications","authors":"Juan Francisco Mandujano Reyes, Ian P. McGahan, Ting Fung Ma, Anne E. Ballmann, Daniel P. Walsh, Jun Zhu","doi":"10.1007/s13253-024-00628-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13253-024-00628-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The use of statistical methods informed by partial differential equations (PDEs) and in particular reaction–diffusion PDEs such as ecological diffusion equations (EDEs) has been studied and used to model spatiotemporal processes. In this paper, we consider a stochastic extension of the EDE (SEDE) and discuss its interpretation and main differences from the deterministic EDE. We then leverage a non-stationary extension of the diffusion-based Gaussian Matérn field and show that this extension has SEDE-like behavior. The elucidated connection enables us to find a finite element approximated solution for SEDEs by means of the stochastic partial differential equation (SPDE) Bayesian method. For illustration, we analyze the evolution of white-nose syndrome (WNS) in the continental USA, comparing two models: stationary SEDE and a non-stationary pseudo-SEDE. Our results demonstrate the importance of non-stationarity in wildlife disease modeling and identify spatial explanatory variables for the non-stationarity in the WNS process. Finally, a simulation study is conducted to assess the deviance information criterion for differentiating from the two models, as well as the identifiability of the model parameters.Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.</p>","PeriodicalId":56336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Biological and Environmental Statistics","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141195839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alec B. M. Van Helsdingen, Tiago A. Marques, Charlotte M. Jones-Todd
{"title":"An Inhomogeneous Weibull–Hawkes Process to Model Underdispersed Acoustic Cues","authors":"Alec B. M. Van Helsdingen, Tiago A. Marques, Charlotte M. Jones-Todd","doi":"10.1007/s13253-024-00626-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13253-024-00626-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A Hawkes point process describes self-exciting behaviour where event arrivals are triggered by historic events. These models are increasingly becoming a popular choice in analysing event-type data. Like all other inhomogeneous Poisson point processes, the waiting time between events in a Hawkes process is derived from an exponential distribution with mean one. However, as with many ecological and environmental data, this is an unrealistic assumption. We, therefore, extend and generalise the Hawkes process to account for potential under- or overdispersion in the waiting times between events by assuming the Weibull distribution as the foundation of the waiting times. We apply this model to the acoustic cue production times of sperm whales and show that our Weibull–Hawkes model better captures the inherent underdispersion in the interarrival times of echolocation clicks emitted by these whales.</p>","PeriodicalId":56336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Biological and Environmental Statistics","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140931483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A class of models for large zero-inflated spatial data","authors":"Ben Seiyon Lee, Murali Haran","doi":"10.1007/s13253-024-00619-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13253-024-00619-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Spatially correlated data with an excess of zeros, usually referred to as zero-inflated spatial data, arise in many disciplines. Examples include count data, for instance, abundance (or lack thereof) of animal species and disease counts, as well as semi-continuous data like observed precipitation. Spatial two-part models are a flexible class of models for such data. Fitting two-part models can be computationally expensive for large data due to high-dimensional dependent latent variables, costly matrix operations, and slow mixing Markov chains. We describe a flexible, computationally efficient approach for modeling large zero-inflated spatial data using the projection-based intrinsic conditional autoregression (PICAR) framework. We study our approach, which we call PICAR-Z, through extensive simulation studies and two environmental data sets. Our results suggest that PICAR-Z provides accurate predictions while remaining computationally efficient. An important goal of our work is to allow researchers who are not experts in computation to easily build computationally efficient extensions to zero-inflated spatial models; this also allows for a more thorough exploration of modeling choices in two-part models than was previously possible. We show that PICAR-Z is easy to implement and extend in popular probabilistic programming languages such as <span>nimble</span> and <span>stan</span>.</p>","PeriodicalId":56336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Biological and Environmental Statistics","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140808823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dhanushi A. Wijeyakulasuriya, Ephraim M. Hanks, Benjamin A. Shaby
{"title":"Modeling First Arrival of Migratory Birds Using a Hierarchical Max-Infinitely Divisible Process","authors":"Dhanushi A. Wijeyakulasuriya, Ephraim M. Hanks, Benjamin A. Shaby","doi":"10.1007/s13253-024-00624-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13253-024-00624-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Humans have recorded the arrival dates of migratory birds for millennia, searching for trends and patterns. As the first arrival among individuals in a species is the realized tail of the probability distribution of arrivals, the appropriate statistical framework with which to analyze such events is extreme value theory. Here, for the first time, we apply formal extreme value techniques to the dynamics of bird migrations. We study the annual first arrivals of Magnolia Warblers using modern tools from the statistical field of extreme value analysis. Using observations from the eBird database, we model the spatial distribution of observed Magnolia Warbler arrivals as a max-infinitely divisible process, which allows us to spatially interpolate observed annual arrivals in a probabilistically coherent way and to project arrival dynamics into the future by conditioning on climatic variables. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.</p>","PeriodicalId":56336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Biological and Environmental Statistics","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140808825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinyi Lu, Yoichiro Kanno, George P. Valentine, Matt A. Kulp, Mevin B. Hooten
{"title":"Regularized Latent Trajectory Models for Spatio-temporal Population Dynamics","authors":"Xinyi Lu, Yoichiro Kanno, George P. Valentine, Matt A. Kulp, Mevin B. Hooten","doi":"10.1007/s13253-024-00616-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13253-024-00616-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change impacts ecosystems variably in space and time. Landscape features may confer resistance against environmental stressors, whose intensity and frequency also depend on local weather patterns. Characterizing spatio-temporal variation in population responses to these stressors improves our understanding of what constitutes climate change refugia. We developed a Bayesian hierarchical framework that allowed us to differentiate population responses to seasonal weather patterns depending on their “sensitive” or “resilient” states. The framework inferred these sensitivity states based on latent trajectories delineating dynamic state probabilities. The latent trajectories are composed of linear initial conditions, functional regression models, and additive random effects representing ecological mechanisms such as topological buffering and effects of legacy weather conditions. Further, we developed a Bayesian regularization strategy that promoted temporal coherence in the inferred states. We demonstrated our hierarchical framework and regularization strategy using simulated examples and a case study of native brook trout (<i>Salvelinus fontinalis</i>) count data from the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, southeastern USA. Our study provided insights into ecological processes influencing brook trout sensitivity. Our framework can also be applied to other species and ecosystems to facilitate management and conservation.</p>","PeriodicalId":56336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Biological and Environmental Statistics","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140596104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew O. Finley, Hans-Erik Andersen, Chad Babcock, Bruce D. Cook, Douglas C. Morton, Sudipto Banerjee
{"title":"Models to Support Forest Inventory and Small Area Estimation Using Sparsely Sampled LiDAR: A Case Study Involving G-LiHT LiDAR in Tanana, Alaska","authors":"Andrew O. Finley, Hans-Erik Andersen, Chad Babcock, Bruce D. Cook, Douglas C. Morton, Sudipto Banerjee","doi":"10.1007/s13253-024-00611-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13253-024-00611-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A two-stage hierarchical Bayesian model is developed and implemented to estimate forest biomass density and total given sparsely sampled LiDAR and georeferenced forest inventory plot measurements. The model is motivated by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) objective to provide biomass estimates for the remote Tanana Inventory Unit (TIU) in interior Alaska. The proposed model yields stratum-level biomass estimates for arbitrarily sized areas. Model-based estimates are compared with the TIU FIA design-based post-stratified estimates. Model-based small area estimates (SAEs) for two experimental forests within the TIU are compared with each forest’s design-based estimates generated using a dense network of independent inventory plots. Model parameter estimates and biomass predictions are informed using FIA plot measurements, LiDAR data that are spatially aligned with a subset of the FIA plots, and complete coverage remotely detected data used to define landuse/landcover stratum and percent forest canopy cover. Results support a model-based approach to estimating forest parameters when inventory data are sparse or resources limit collection of enough data to achieve desired accuracy and precision using design-based methods. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear on-line</p>","PeriodicalId":56336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Biological and Environmental Statistics","volume":"145 17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140148621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"数学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}