Pengwei Liu , Wenbo Zhao , Zhuo Wang , Wenhua Yang , Zhen Hu , Xingang Liu , Yucheng Liu , Lei Chen
{"title":"Data-driven design of three-dimensional periodic piezoelectric structures via high-throughput calculations","authors":"Pengwei Liu , Wenbo Zhao , Zhuo Wang , Wenhua Yang , Zhen Hu , Xingang Liu , Yucheng Liu , Lei Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cellular materials with porous structures exhibit distinct mechanical and physical properties compared to their solid counterparts. Developing high-performance cellular materials is of great engineering importance. This paper presents a data-driven strategy for the optimal design of three-dimensional (3D) periodic cellular materials, with application to the piezoelectric materials for maximizing the hydrostatic response. The 3D periodic geometry is parameterized using high-order 3D Fourier series, with which a screening of 3D periodic structures with tremendous complexity and variability in shape and morphology is conducted. High-throughput fast-Fourier-transform based piezoelectric simulations are performed in high resolution to handle complicated lattice geometries, yielding a reliable structure-property dataset. A Gaussian-process based surrogate model is then constructed for accelerating the location of optimal 3D piezoceramic structure in the high-dimensional design space. The optimized periodic structure is found to bring in piezocomposite remarkably higher hydrostatic figure of merit (HFOM) than the conventional and recently published alternatives. The high-resolution simulation reveals that such exceptional performance is intimately associated with the presence of floating piezoceramic particles and an optimized continuous lattice skeleton, which collectively contribute to the favorable redistribution of the internal electric displacement field. This study successfully explores the computationally daunting, thus as yet barely studied 3D periodic structures with extreme complexity. It demonstrates the synergistic strength of advanced simulation and data-driven optimization in pushing the boundary of cellular materials performance via deep screening of structure space.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 110724"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun-Yu Li , Jia-xuan Wang , Zhuang Li , Qi-Bai Huang , Zhi-Fu Zhang
{"title":"Hypothesis of polymer molecular networks: predicting underwater mechano-acoustic properties","authors":"Jun-Yu Li , Jia-xuan Wang , Zhuang Li , Qi-Bai Huang , Zhi-Fu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a cross-scale acoustic performance prediction method for two-phase composite materials was introduced. By developing a contact-type and envelope-type eight-chain molecular network model for two-phase polymer materials, a micro-macro Young's modulus mapping method for composite materials was established. Subsequently, a mathematical Eq. incorporating molecular chain length and Young's modulus was formulated to predict the underwater sound absorption performance of polymer materials. Based on this, the impacts of microstructure parameters and macroscopic mechanical parameters of two-phase polymer materials on underwater sound absorption performance were investigated using a single-variable approach. It was found that two-phase polymer composite materials can significantly optimize the acoustic performance of a single material. Specifically, higher content of the material chain with a smaller Young's modulus and longer molecular chains, or lower content with shorter molecular chains, led to better stability of acoustic performance across all frequency bands. From a macroscopic perspective, higher density, lower Young's modulus, and greater loss factor collectively enhanced the overall underwater sound absorption effect. This study provides a design direction for the development of micro/macro structural dimensions of polymer underwater acoustic materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 110698"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144893874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deep learning-enabled accurate and interpretable stress–strain characterization from ultrasonic measurements","authors":"Changhyeon Yoon , Seong-Hyun Park , Sooyoung Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While ultrasonic measurements have been employed to analyze the material properties in a non-destructive manner, challenges remain in accurately predicting the mechanical properties of materials and understanding how diverse ultrasonic characteristics contribute to the predictions. This paper proposes a deep learning approach for accurate and interpretable characterization of the mechanical behavior of materials based on non-destructive ultrasonic measurements. Specifically, the proposed framework is designed to predict the stress–strain behavior of materials from multiple ultrasonic signals and to provide interpretability between non-destructive and destructive modalities. A multi-branch aggregated one-dimensional convolutional neural network is proposed to effectively capture signal-wise dependencies from a collection of distinct ultrasonic signals. Both quantitative and qualitative results demonstrate that the proposed model achieves superior predictive performance, showing improvements of up to 78% in mean absolute percentage error and 95.4% in <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> score compared to baseline models. Moreover, we introduce a signal-level gradient-retrieved interpretation method to reveal the contribution of each ultrasonic characteristics to the predicted stress–strain behavior. The proposed approach not only enhances predictive performance but also enables physically relevant interpretation, offering a promising method for accurate and explainable non-destructive evaluation of material properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 110695"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qinghou Cheng, Yangkun Zhang, Yingxue Yao, Yang Yang
{"title":"A decoupled large-stroke 2-DOF tool holder for ultra-precision turning cylindrical-microchannels","authors":"Qinghou Cheng, Yangkun Zhang, Yingxue Yao, Yang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a novel decoupled two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) piezoelectric tool holder with large stroke for ultra-precision turning cylindrical-microchannels. The designed piezoelectric tool holder integrates innovative parallelogram mechanisms and decoupling mechanisms, enabling a large stroke, compact integration, and low inertia for fast response, while maintaining independent actuation characteristics for each decoupled axis. Theoretical models and particle swarm optimization are established to characterize the essential working performances and guide the optimal structural parameter design, with validation conducted through finite element (FE) simulations. Experimental results demonstrate a 131 μm × 141 μm workspace with cross-coupling below 1% and approximately 20 nm positioning resolution. The bidirectional resonant frequency exceeds 700 Hz, providing an ideal bandwidth for application as a fast tool servo (FTS). Furthermore, a 2-DOF servo-based turning process is firstly proposed and demonstrated for fabricating orientation-controllable hierarchical microchannels (OCHMs) with high efficiency and high surface quality. The tool holder prototype successfully fabricated three distinct types of cylindrical-microchannels, experimentally verifying the feasibility of the novel fabrication process and demonstrating the tool holder’s capabilities for large-stroke motion and dynamic decoupling. The innovative 2-DOF tool holder configuration expands the applicability of FTS in ultra-precision machining requiring large-stroke motion. Meanwhile, the developed 2-DOF servo-based turning process enhances both efficiency and flexibility in fabricating cylindrical-microchannels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 110715"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z.Z. He , H.Y. Zhao , Y.F. Kong , W.S. Zhang , C.L. Zhang , W.Q. Chen
{"title":"An efficient model for coupled flexoelectric plate-RLC circuit system","authors":"Z.Z. He , H.Y. Zhao , Y.F. Kong , W.S. Zhang , C.L. Zhang , W.Q. Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110716","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110716","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flexoelectricity, a unique electric polarization phenomenon induced by strain gradients, holds significant potential for novel dielectric structure-based smart devices and electromechanical coupling systems. Therefore, developing efficient and accurate theoretical modeling is fundamentally important. This paper proposes a novel plate-type mixed finite element method (M-FEM) for modeling and predicting the multi-field coupling mechanical behaviors of coupled flexoelectric plate-<em>RLC</em> circuit systems. We first present a generalized first-order shear deformation plate theory incorporating flexoelectricity, then combine the <em>RLC</em> circuit into the plate equations using the dual-variable (voltage-charge) model. Based on this, a plate-type M-FEM is developed by introducing auxiliary variables that relax continuity requirements from <em>C</em><sup>1</sup> to <em>C</em><sup>0</sup>, enabling direct implementation in commercial finite element software. The developed plate-type M-FEM has passed the patch test for constant strain gradient and is validated against analytical and experimental results, exhibiting excellent accuracy and high computational efficiency (approximately five times faster than the 3D M-FEM). The tuning effects of <em>RLC</em> circuits on the multi-field coupling mechanical behaviors in the coupled flexoelectric plate-<em>RLC</em> circuit systems are numerically demonstrated. The study bridges theoretical analysis with engineering applications of flexoelectric devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 110716"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144879021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Stress-based logical circuits with dual/single stiffness lattice metamaterials","authors":"Nan Yang , Miao Zhao , Yuming Lan , Huaxian Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110714","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110714","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional electronics-based computing systems easily fail under extreme conditions, such as strong electromagnetic radiation. Here, we design a stress-based logical circuit based on two types of lattice metamaterials. Under the uniaxial force, a “buffer” lattice with dual stiffness acts as a mechanical buffer, while a “NOT” lattice with single stiffness serves as a logic inverter. The different logical operations are realized based on the distinct deformation behaviors of the two lattices under stress input. By combining the two kinds of lattices as fundamental computing units, a programmable cellular structure is formed with complete logic functions, such as AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR gates, as well as more complex computing functions, such as half and full adder, half and full subtractor, comparer, multiplier and divider. Selected logic gates and computing systems are fabricated via additive manufacturing, and experimental results show good agreement with simulations. Notably, the experiment also shows that the proposed system remains fully functional under electromagnetic radiation, which exceeds conventional electronic calculators. This work provides a pathway for fabrication of non-silicon-based mechanical computer with lattice metamaterials for applications in extreme environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 110714"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144828511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robust optimization of multiscale rainbow metamaterials under additive manufacturing defects","authors":"Minghui Zhang , Wei Gao , Sipei Zhao , Zhen Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The broad application of elastic metamaterials (EMMs) is restricted by two major challenges: limited low-frequency wave attenuation and insufficient consideration of manufacturing imperfections and system uncertainties. To address these issues, this research incorporates multiscale rainbow metamaterials (RMs), with spatially varying structural parameters, into EMM design to improve wave attenuation performance over traditional periodic configurations. A novel robust design optimization framework is proposed to simultaneously optimize the first two statistical moments of structural responses, to ensure reliable wave attenuation under various uncertainties. To reduce computational cost in estimating statistical information, a new machine learning algorithm, twin extended support vector regression plus (TX-SVR+), is introduced to construct efficient surrogate models that map structural parameters to relevant structural responses. Furthermore, a self-adjusting mutation-based particle swarm optimization (SMPSO) algorithm is developed to enhance optimization efficiency. The combined TX-SVR+ and SMPSO framework is validated through the robust optimization of a chiral RM. Numerical results demonstrate that the optimized designs exhibit exceptional low-frequency wave attenuation, which highlights the potential of the proposed robust design methodology for wide engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 110687"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yizhe Liu , Longmiao Chen , Bao Meng , Min Wan , Taisu Liu
{"title":"Void evolution mechanisms in electrically assisted tension of Inconel 718","authors":"Yizhe Liu , Longmiao Chen , Bao Meng , Min Wan , Taisu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrically assisted (EA) forming can either improve or reduce ductility in different metals. This study aims to resolve the anomalous elongation reduction observed in solution-treated Inconel 718 alloys—a significant ductility loss during 600 °C EA tension when compared to its conventional isothermal counterpart—by systematically revealing void healing, growth, and nucleation mechanisms under electric current. Three-dimensional void morphology characterization and statistical analysis were integrated with a multi-physics representative volume element model, which accounts for heterogeneous electroplastic effects inducing current detours around defects, to comprehensively analyze void evolution mechanisms. The EA specimen at 400 °C exhibited a void morphology strikingly similar to the isothermal600 °C specimen, rather than its direct isothermal counterpart at 400 °C. However, 600 °C EA tension triggered explosive nucleation of small voids, leading to ductility deterioration. RVE simulations further revealed that the localized material softening in high-current-density defect regions enhanced void healing efficiency under constrained thermal expansion conditions. However, the current convergence near voids or carbides enhanced void growth and nucleation probabilities. Under 600 °C EA tension, current detour effects amplified discontinuous strain concentrations near high-resistance grain boundaries (GBs) and likely promoted non-equilibrium GB segregation of detrimental elements, which triggered massive small void nucleation at GBs. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for understanding the ductility degradation mechanisms during EA forming and offers critical insights for optimizing current density control and temperature windows in superalloy EA processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 110711"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144842514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Wang, Liang Wang, Shun Zhang, Haoren Feng, Sai Li, Tongtong Wang
{"title":"Electromechanical coupling dynamics modeling of a bolted piezoelectric vibrating feeder","authors":"Xin Wang, Liang Wang, Shun Zhang, Haoren Feng, Sai Li, Tongtong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The piezoelectric vibrating feeders (PVFs) play a crucial role as automated transport systems. Developing an accurate and efficient dynamic model for the PVFs is essential for optimizing its vibration characteristics and transportation performance. Conventional analytical models provide natural frequency information but fail to capture flexible dynamic response of individual components. Numerical models based the finite element method (FEM) or discrete element method are computationally intensive and inefficient for PVFs. To address these limitations, an electromechanical coupling dynamics model for PVF was developed using the semi-analytical transfer matrix method (TMM). First, the structure of the PVF is simplified and discretized into fundamental elements. Subsequently, transfer matrix equations of the elements are given. By integrating these equations through transfer conditions, a comprehensive electromechanical coupling dynamics model is developed. The effect of bolts on the structure is considered, and frictional contact instead of rigid connection is added. An iterative frictional contact correction coefficient is proposed and analyzed, and then introduced into the model to develop a corrected electromechanical coupling dynamic model. Finally, the validity of the developed model is confirmed through experiments and FEM simulations. Compared to FEM models, the developed model achieves over 40 times the computational efficiency while maintaining comparable accuracy. The results demonstrate that the developed model efficiently and accurately predicts the modal shapes of both the top plate and spring plate of the PVF. These findings verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the model, highlighting its potential for improving the design and performance analysis of the PVFs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 110705"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144851798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bin Zhu , Omar Mohamed , Aqsa Qambrani , Huijun Sun , Nathanael Leung , Hongbo Wan , Nicholas Randall , David Cox , Bo Su , Tan Sui
{"title":"Residual stress influences on fracture behaviour of bioinspired dental materials","authors":"Bin Zhu , Omar Mohamed , Aqsa Qambrani , Huijun Sun , Nathanael Leung , Hongbo Wan , Nicholas Randall , David Cox , Bo Su , Tan Sui","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The residual stresses, induced from complex fabricating processes of nacre-like bioinspired zirconia and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), play a dual role, enhancing or undermining fracture resistance. Leveraging the residual stress can optimise the material design and unleash the potential of material properties of the bioinspired composites. However, the interplay between localised ceramic phase distribution, residual stress, and cracking behaviour remains poorly understood due to limitations in conventional characterisation techniques. In this study, we present a novel correlative experimental approach that simultaneously resolves the local ceramic volume fraction, multiscale residual stress, and crack evolution mechanisms within layered zirconia/PMMA composites. By combining Plasma Focused Ion Beam and Digital Image Correlation (PFIB-DIC), <em>in situ</em> SEM nanoindentation and high-resolution microstructural quantification, we reveal how phase heterogeneity, ranging from 69 to 84 vol% zirconia, governs residual stress distribution across multiple phase layers and within individual phases. This integrated method enables us to establish a framework for estimating local residual stress states at crack tips and correlating them with fracture behaviours observed during <em>in situ</em> single-edge notch bending (SENB) tests. The results show that compressive residual stresses enhance fracture resistance by suppressing crack initiation and promoting deflection, while tensile stresses encourage energy dissipation through multi-crack formation but also accelerate failure. By linking microstructure, residual stress, and crack propagation, this work provides new mechanistic insights into toughening in bioinspired composites and lays the foundation for residual stress informed design of next-generation dental restorative materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"304 ","pages":"Article 110709"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144814027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}