Bionic Spiderweb lattice metamaterials for energy absorption and vibration isolation

Abstract

With the growing demand for lightweight, multifunctional materials in complex engineering applications, achieving efficient, broadband vibration isolation and high energy absorption remains a major challenge in conventional lattice structures. To overcome this, we propose a novel bionic spiderweb lattice metamaterial (BSLM) with adjustable curved lattice struts, inspired by the natural energy dissipation and vibration control mechanisms of spiderwebs. We systematically investigated its frequency response, vibration isolation performance, and energy absorption through vibration experiments, quasi-static compression tests, and simulations. The results show that BSLM achieves full-band vibration isolation from 25.32 Hz to 2000 Hz, with an exceptional 51.22 dB attenuation in the low-frequency range-a performance unmatched by conventional metamaterials. A detailed comparison with existing metamaterials, including bistable structures, metamaterial plates with resonators, and sandwich plates, confirms its superior performance in initial isolation frequency and vibration isolation bandwidth. Furthermore, comparative analysis with BCC, FCC, and Gyroid lattices highlights BSLM’s advantages in specific stiffness, energy absorption efficiency, and lightweight vibration isolation capability. Notably, BSLM achieves a vibration isolation bandwidth 17 times wider than previously reported designs, demonstrating its groundbreaking multifunctionality. This superior performance originates from its intricate internal geometry, which enables a multifunctional design integrating vibration isolation and energy absorption. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of advanced metamaterials in future engineering applications.