International Journal of Mechanical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"A multi-scaled experimental approach for the investigation of mechanical dynamic systems","authors":"Keith Davey ,&nbsp;Jiahe Xu ,&nbsp;Hamed Sadeghi ,&nbsp;Rooholamin Darvizeh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A new scaling theory for the design of scaled experiments has appeared in the recent literature that provides rules for the combination of information from more than one scaled experiment. The new <em>finite similitude</em> approach introduces an infinite number of unique similitude rules that facilitate the exact transfer of information across scales. The latest adaptation of the theory additionally provides a means to assess modelling approaches to gauge their suitability under scaling. This paper introduces a new hybrid strategy with the aim to minimise the number of scaled experiments needed. This is achieved with the formation of new similitude rules that integrate scaling analysis with scaled experimentation. A consequence of the new approach is a possible reduction in the number of scales involved but at the cost of additional experiments or analysis at the remaining reduced number of scales. The concepts are developed and showcased through applications to mechanical systems formed from discrete elements of springs, lumped masses, and dampers, under the influence and action of forces, friction, and gravity. There is no limitation on the complexity of systems that can be analysed and by means of selective studies the practical value of the approach is demonstrated. A framework for scaling is established in the work with a rich set of options available to the scaled experimenter opening up new avenues of exploration unseen in the open literature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 110933"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145277872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic response of functionally graded multi-layered plates to localised blasts","authors":"Yifan Huang ,&nbsp;Qiang Suo ,&nbsp;Qibo Zhang ,&nbsp;Junbo Yan ,&nbsp;Yan Liu ,&nbsp;Ye Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110929","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110929","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Functionally graded multi-layered metallic (FGMM) plates integrated with graduation of constituent, light-weight, high-strength and customised properties are highly desired as blast-resistant structures. Meanwhile, very limited investigation on their dynamic response to localised blast loading involving large deflection has been reported. Here, we develop an analytical model to investigate the large inelastic deformation response of FGMM plates under localised air blast loading. Nonlinear loading and constitutive characteristics, such as the localised variability and exponential decay shape from a close-in blast, as well as the effects of strain rate sensitivity and strain hardening, were considered. Extended Hamilton’s principle is applied to derive the governing equation of motion for FGMM plates. Blast tests were performed to validate the analytical predictions of the temporal evolution of transverse central deflection and permanent transverse deflection. The analytical model is used to discuss a number of issues relevant to the dynamic response of FGMM plate, including the effect of loading distribution, influence of different constitutive behaviours, energy partitioning, blast resistance and deformation mechanism. Results in this work show that FGMM plate has superior blast resistance (with 14.9% less permanent transverse deflection) to that of a monolithic steel plate with identical weight, which was attributed to the higher effective specific strength. Localised explosive action triggers a distinct initial bulging deformation phase, resulting in significant external work done. This study provides new insights into the dynamic response of the blast-loaded FGMM plates, while further highlighting their potential in the application of blast-resilient systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"308 ","pages":"Article 110929"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145277871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultrafine grain control by ultrasonic vibrations in directed energy deposition","authors":"Lichao Zhang ,&nbsp;Zelong Yu ,&nbsp;Jingyuan Chen ,&nbsp;Fangyong Niu ,&nbsp;Weiwei Liu ,&nbsp;Yonggang Zheng ,&nbsp;Xu Guo ,&nbsp;Zhao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110925","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110925","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microstructural coarsening and heterogeneity are unavoidable problems in additive manufacturing (AM). To realize ultrafine grain control by ultrasonic vibrations in DED, we designed ultrasonic-assisted directed energy deposition (UADED) experiment and established an ultrasonic-heat coupling model. Based on the established patterns, experiments were designed to fabricate AM samples under ultrasonic vibrations, and ultrafine grains were obtained. Grain morphology was regulated by ultrasonic vibrations. Compared with traditional DED, the average grain size is decreased by 52.9 % and the area proportion of equiaxed grain is increased by 41.2 % in case of 30 μm of vibration amplitude, 20 kHz of vibration frequency, 6 mm/s of scanning speed, and 800 W of laser power. Combined with experimental observations, the coupling model provides the process window for the microstructural control, with the computational accuracy reaching 96.8 %. The workpiece temperature is reduced by 230 K and the nucleation rate is increased by 36.3 % under ultrasonic excitation. The model illustrates that UA enhances heterogeneous nucleation by improving melt pool flow, providing a novel approach for microstructure control.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 110925"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A tensile properties identification model for steels in large strain","authors":"Zhenghao Jiao ,&nbsp;Qingcheng Zeng ,&nbsp;Yu Tang ,&nbsp;Shengwen Tu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Localized deformation in smooth round bar specimens during tensile testing often results in inaccuracies in the equivalent stress–strain curve beyond the onset of diffuse necking in metallic materials. Therefore, appropriate corrections are essential when addressing large strain problems. In this study, a novel three-function correction model is proposed to accurately determine the equivalent stress–strain response at large strains using axisymmetric notched tensile specimens through numerical analyses. The model incorporates the effects of material strain-hardening behavior, deformation evolution, and notch geometry, and its formulation consists of three functions with parameters that can be conveniently determined. Validation against numerical simulations and experimental data demonstrates that the proposed model provides excellent agreement, thereby confirming its feasibility and accuracy. Furthermore, because deformation in axisymmetric notched specimens is effectively localized within the notch region, the model shows strong potential for characterizing local tensile properties of heterogeneous structures (such as weldments) by strategically positioning the target material zone within the notched area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 110921"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic characteristics and vibration suppression for extreme-condition lightweight gear systems","authors":"Zhou Sun ,&nbsp;Jinyuan Tang ,&nbsp;Tiancheng Li ,&nbsp;Kexin Zeng ,&nbsp;Donghe Zhou ,&nbsp;Huilan Zhao ,&nbsp;Zehua Hu ,&nbsp;Wenming Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gear transmissions increasingly demand high power density and reliability, and service conditions tend to be extreme: high speed, heavy load, and high temperature. However, existing dynamics models for conventional conditions exhibit incomplete modeling of extreme-condition nonlinear factors, large prediction errors, and susceptibility to over-limit vibration. This work aims to develop modeling methods for extreme conditions, including extended tooth contact in comprehensively modified gears under heavy load, thermal-mechanical characteristics of bearings, temperature field prediction considering high-speed windage loss, contact parameter calculation at rough interfaces under loss-of-lubrication conditions, gyroscopic effects in high-speed rotors, and lightweight gear meshing parameters. Spur gear dynamics under such conditions are analyzed using the finite node method combined with thermal-fluid-solid multi-physics coupling. The effectiveness of the proposed model is verified through finite element analysis (FEA) and experiments. Analysis reveals increased contact ratio in heavy-load gears, nonlinear growth of high-speed windage power loss with speed, and transmission efficiency peaking then declining. Conversely, bearing stiffness rises at high temperatures. Under a loss-of-lubrication operation, interface friction and vibration intensify, while appropriate gear lightweight structural design significantly reduces dynamic response. This work provides support for the design and analysis of extreme-condition lightweight gears.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 110920"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel skywalk-integrated dual tuned mass dampers for building seismic protection","authors":"Angelo Di Egidio ,&nbsp;Bruno Briseghella ,&nbsp;Alessandro Contento","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110912","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110912","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seismic protection for both new and existing buildings is a fundamental challenge in civil engineering. Among various strategies, structural resilience can be enhanced by incorporating devices such as tuned mass dampers (TMDs), hysteretic devices, and vibro-impacting masses. In recent years, an innovative approach has emerged involving the use of specialized devices to interconnect adjacent buildings, thereby leveraging their coupled dynamic behavior to mitigate seismic effects. This study focuses on this specific strategy. The principal novelty of this study lies in the development of a skywalk-integrated dual tuned mass damper (DTMD) system, wherein two independently tuned TMDs are interconnected through a viscoelastic coupling device. This configuration exploits the coupled dynamic interaction between adjacent buildings, thereby achieving superior seismic performance compared to conventional isolated TMD applications. The coupled mechanical system, representing the two interconnected buildings and the skywalk with TMDs, is modeled as a low-dimensional mechanical system capable of capturing the primary dynamic characteristics of the structure. Each building, irrespective of its geometric and mechanical properties, is represented as a dynamically equivalent two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) shear-type system. The DTMD system is modeled as two independently moving masses, each directly attached to one of the buildings. The coupling between the buildings is established by equipping the skywalk with viscous damping elements, which act on the relative velocities of the connected levels. Furthermore, the two TMDs are directly interconnected via a viscoelastic device, facilitating energy dissipation and improving system stability. An extensive parametric analysis is conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the DTMD system in improving the seismic response of the buildings. Additionally, the study explores the influence of the direct connection between the TMDs on the overall structural performance. The results consistently demonstrate the effectiveness of the DTMD system across a wide range of parametric configurations, highlighting its potential as a viable seismic mitigation strategy for adjacent structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 110912"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electro-chemo-thermo-mechanical phase-field model for lithium penetration in solid electrolytes","authors":"Xiongfei Gao ,&nbsp;Yang Zhang ,&nbsp;K.M. Liew","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The penetration of lithium (Li) dendrites through solid electrolytes (SEs) induces mechanical degradation and catastrophic short circuits in solid-state batteries (SSBs), posing a critical barrier to their commercialization. To address this, we develop a novel multi-physics phase-field model (PFM) that simultaneously simulates Li dendrite propagation and SE fracture. Unlike prior approaches, our model introduces two independent phase-field variables to decouple material damage and electrodeposition, enabling explicit resolution of the asynchronous crack growth and dendrite evolution observed in experiments. The model incorporates species diffusion, electric potential, reaction kinetics, heat transfer, mechanical deformation and fracture process within a thermodynamically consistent formulation. A staggered finite element scheme ensures numerical robustness for solving this highly nonlinear system. Representative numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the capability of the model in capturing complex deposition-induced fracture behaviors of SEs. The results highlight the role of Li nucleation location and microstructural heterogeneity in dictating the propagation pathways of dendrites. This work provides fundamental insights into the electro-chemo-thermo-mechanical degradation of SEs and offers design principles for advanced SEs in next-generation SSBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 110913"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crankshaft misalignment effect on bearing tribo-dynamics under multi-clearance lubrication","authors":"Huailei Wang ,&nbsp;Yang Peng ,&nbsp;Zijia Wang ,&nbsp;Jinjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Dan Guo ,&nbsp;Koucheng Zuo ,&nbsp;Lei Song","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110917","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110917","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Existing dynamic models of the crank-connecting rod mechanism (CRM) primarily focus on single clearance lubrication in piston engines, making it difficult to analyze the coupled effects of crankshaft misalignment and mixed lubrication of bearings under multi-clearance collaboration. This study proposes a novel dynamic model that integrates multi-clearance lubrication. Based on the generalized coordinates of the crank and connecting rod, including misalignment angles in two directions, the dynamic boundary conditions of the three-dimensional lubrication fields of the big-end and main bearings are calculated synchronously, and incorporated into a mixed elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (MEHD) model to evaluate the friction performance. The motion equations are derived using the Lagrange method with a variable-step fourth-order Runge-Kutta (VRK4) method to address numerical instability under multi-clearance misalignment. Furthermore, the coupled effects of operating parameters and misalignment on the friction and wear characteristics of the bearings are examined. The results show that crankshaft misalignment significantly increases the volumetric wear rate and friction power loss, with more pronounced effects under low-speed, high-load conditions. Appropriate bearing clearance and lubrication viscosity can help mitigate the adverse effects of misalignment. This study provides a high-precision simulation framework for analyzing and designing piston engine bearings and elucidates the misalignment fault mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 110917"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomimetic dual-phase Bouligand meso-structure with synergistic strength and toughness","authors":"Haoming Yang, Xiaofei Cao, Yiting Guan, Xiangrui Zheng, Fangping Qin, Le Yang, Yao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110916","url":null,"abstract":"Attaining both strength and toughness is a crucial requirement for most structural materials. Unfortunately, these two properties are generally mutually exclusive. Therefore, structural materials with balance between strength and toughness hold promises for various engineering applications. This work proposes a novel design strategy that incorporates the dual-phase design method into the biomimetic Bouligand meso-structure, aiming to provide valuable insights into the strategy of resolving the conflict between strength and toughness. Experiments and numerical simulations of quasi-static/dynamic compression, three-point bending tests and cyclic loading tests show that the innovative design harnesses multiple mechanisms to achieve a balance between strength and toughness, including remarkable interlayer coupling, effective stress transfer, twisted crack propagation, interface energy dissipation, and crack path guidance between different phases. Testing results indicate that the biomimetic dual-phase Bouligand meso-structure demonstrate a 636.16% increase in Young’s modulus and a 258.54% enhancement in specific energy absorption compared to the TPU-based single-phase Bouligand structure, while its maximum flexural strain is 73.68% higher than that of the PLA-based sample. In addition, its promising applications in the field of personnel impact protection are illustrated by two examples. Our work promotes the innovative development of design strategies for next-generation biomimetic structural materials and offers an effective solution for the combination of rigid and flexible protection.","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A nonlinear model for soft helical bistable structures","authors":"Chengru Jiang ,&nbsp;Qinghua Yu ,&nbsp;Xin Tong ,&nbsp;Xiazhi Hu ,&nbsp;Feifei Chen ,&nbsp;Yingtian Li ,&nbsp;Dong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110899","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110899","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nature exhibits remarkable adaptability to complex environments through the coevolution of structural strategies, such as bistable mechanisms and helical geometries. The integration of these two principles has inspired the development of biomimetic helical bistable structures. However, design of bistable helical structures is hindered by the lack of theoretical models, due to the challenges introduced by misalignment between geometric and curvature coordinates, and intrinsic nonlinearity of soft materials. In this work, we develop a nonlinear framework for soft helical bistable structures based on minimum potential energy method. This model enables the prediction of critical transition points between bistable and monostable states, as well as the resulting deformed shapes. The theoretical predictions are validated through experiments. The effects of various geometric parameters are explored using the validated model. This work provides insights into the helical bistability of soft structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"307 ","pages":"Article 110899"},"PeriodicalIF":9.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}