International Journal of Mechanical Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Data-Driven Deep Learning for Predicting Ligament Fatigue Failure Risk Mechanisms","authors":"Datago Xu, Huiyu Zhou, Tianle Jie, Zhifeng Zhou, Yi Yuan, Monèm Jemni, Wenjing Quan, Zixiang Gao, Liangliang Xiang, Fekete Gusztav, Meizi Wang, Justin Fernandez, Julien S. Baker, Yaodong Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110519","url":null,"abstract":"The pathogenesis of musculoskeletal disorders is closely associated with the cumulative damage and fatigue failure behavior of fibrous connective tissues under long-term repetitive loading. However, significant technological challenges remain in real-time dynamic monitoring of ligament fatigue life, particularly the lack of efficient computational mechanics modeling frameworks and precise assessment tools adaptable to real-world movement scenarios. The multimodal integrated framework for ligament fatigue life assessment was proposed in this study. First, the high-accuracy subject-specific musculoskeletal models were developed based on individualized medical imaging data. A coupled hyperelastic-viscoelastic constitutive model was incorporated to accurately characterize the nonlinear mechanical behavior of ligamentous tissues and their fatigue damage evolution under cyclic loading. Furthermore, by integrating continuum damage mechanics theory, a time-dependent cumulative damage evolution equation was established to systematically quantify the coupling relationship between fatigue failure probability and dynamic mechanical loading. In the data-driven prediction module, an innovative deep-learning model that integrates kinematic-dynamic coupling was developed. By integrating wearable inertial measurement units, the model enables real-time inversion of ligament loading force-fatigue failure states and prediction of fatigue life. This approach effectively overcomes the limitations of traditional mechanical modeling in long-term, multi-scenario dynamic monitoring, achieving high-precision and minimally invasive fatigue life evaluation of ligaments. The proposed computational framework breaks the static-loading constraints of conventional fatigue testing, achieving the dynamic biomechanical analysis and fatigue life prediction under real movement conditions. This work not only provides novel theoretical insights into the mechanisms and modeling of ligament fatigue damage, but also provides a generalizable tool for biomechanical injury prevention, rehabilitation planning, and soft tissue fatigue analysis in the musculoskeletal system.","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How does electromigration induce fracture of IMC in solder joints?","authors":"Xin-Wei Wu ,&nbsp;Mingyang Chen ,&nbsp;Liao-Liang Ke","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110477","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110477","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fracture is commonly observed in intermetallic compounds (IMCs) in the solder joints of flip-chip packages after serving for a certain period of time, with electrical and mechanical loadings applied. How the electromigration effect undermines the performance of IMCs in solder joints and eventually leads to structural fracture remains unclear. In this paper, a phase-field model coupling both mechanisms of electromigration and facture is proposed, which could resolve the full evolving process of defects from the early-stage mass diffusion by electromigration to the final failure by fracture. The model is carefully validated by comparing it with other celebrated electromigration and fracture models. Using this model, the evolution process of two typical defects, the void-like defect and crack-like defect, are analyzed in detail under different electrical and mechanical loadings. We find that electromigration induces fracture of solder joints by the mechanism that mass diffusion caused by electromigration helps to enlarge the defects and develop sharp corners at the defect surfaces, leading to the local stress concentration and crack initiation. Comparison among different models shows that the lifetime of solder joints is co-governed by the electromigration and fracture processes and simply dropping either mechanism leads to overestimation of the lifetime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 110477"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoupled Design of Hybrid Mechanical Metamaterials via Ensembled Deep Learning","authors":"Yujie Xiang, Jixin Hou, Xianyan Chen, Keke Tang, Xianqiao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110514","url":null,"abstract":"Regarding the design of mechanical metamaterials, both periodic unit cells and irregular structures with specific continuity have demonstrated promising application potential. More importantly, material distribution-based design methods also provide a representative perspective. However, existing studies rarely associate mature unit cells with irregular structures while simultaneously considering the influence of material distribution. This hybrid design problem warrants further investigation and holds significant potential for expanding the design space of mechanical metamaterials. This study proposes an inverse design strategy capable of accounting for diverse unit cells and multiple materials in a sole metamaterial design with targeted macroscopic mechanical stiffness. An ensembled deep learning model with variational autoencoders and artificial neural networks is constructed to decouple structural and material contributions to overall mechanical properties, which facilitates the independent design of unit cell and material distribution for targeted properties. Integrating the virtual growth algorithm, the proposed method addresses critical challenges in geometric continuity among various types of unit cells. Accurate reconstruction and prediction of hybrid distributions are realized, with SHAP analysis confirming effective decoupling of structural and material influences on the targeted metamaterial design. Final design targets show excellent accuracy of homogenized properties, indicating the efficacy of our approach. The proposed workflow pioneers a novel decoupled approach for designing mechanical metamaterial with hybrid unit cells and multiple materials, setting a foundation for applications in complex mechanical systems and complicated inverse design problems.","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-modal Multi-response Seismic Mitigation with Amplified Inerter Negative Stiffness Dampers","authors":"Ning Su, Long Qin, Cong Zeng, Zhaoqing Chen, Zhuo Xu, Yi Xia, Jing Bian","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110516","url":null,"abstract":"This study develops an innovative seismic control system that integrates Scissor-jack Toggle-brace amplification mechanisms with Tuned Inerter Negative Stiffness Dampers (TINSDs) to address unresolved challenges in multi-modal multi-response targeted vibration mitigation. First, a novel equivalent amplification factor was proposed to provide a unified metric considering both device amplification and inter-story installation effects, enabling efficient reduced-order modeling and optimal design. Second, closed-form <ce:italic>H</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">∞</ce:inf>/<ce:italic>H</ce:italic><ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> solutions were rigorously derived, which reveals inherent Pareto-optimal performance trade-offs across displacement, acceleration, and force transmissibility response targets. Third, a novel method integrating Master Oscillator Principle (MOP) and Pareto optimization was proposed. By decomposing the complex problem into optimally allocated damper groups, simultaneous control of fundamental-mode displacements and higher-mode accelerations/reaction forces was achieved. Benchmark validation studies demonstrate remarkable performance improvements compared to conventional single-modal approaches. The proposed system achieves significant reductions in total required inertance and damping coefficients while maintaining comparable displacement control effectiveness and significantly enhancing acceleration and reaction force mitigation. Furthermore, a practical rule-of-thumb allocation strategy featuring progressive base-to-top targeting of lower-to-higher modes with decreasing device density was developed, which shows statistically equivalent performance Pareto-optimized solutions (<ce:italic>p</ce:italic>&gt;0.05). The proposed framework offers both sophisticated control algorithms for researchers and implementable guidelines for engineers.","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"636 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear dynamics of rotor-support-casing system with support looseness fault","authors":"Wenpeng Jiang ,&nbsp;Kaikai Liu ,&nbsp;Xin Yuan ,&nbsp;Hongrui Cao ,&nbsp;Jianghai Shi ,&nbsp;Qinghua Qin","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes a time-domain numerical method combining explicit and implicit schemes for efficiently solving high-dimensional systems with localized nonlinearities. This method is applied to investigate the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of a rotor-support-casing system with support looseness fault. A dynamic model incorporating multi-interface nonlinear supports is developed, which includes nonlinear bearings, a squeeze film damper (SFD), and the contact interaction between the bearing and its housing. The model is validated through modal testing and vibration response experiments. To obtain the vibration response of the system, a hybrid numerical integration method is proposed, with its core focused on optimizing the iterative solution process. This method separates the linear and nonlinear parts of the system, predicts the coupling node response using an explicit scheme, and solves the linear and nonlinear parts using an implicit numerical method and a quasi-Newton iterative algorithm, respectively. Compared with conventional approaches, this method significantly improves computational efficiency. Subsequently, the effects of rotor speed, fit clearance, and oil film clearance in SFD on the dynamic response of the rotor-support-casing system under support looseness faults are investigated. The results show that support looseness alters system stability, leading to periodic, multi-periodic, and quasi-periodic responses. Both fit clearance and oil film clearance significantly influence the system’s nonlinear behavior. Under serious fault conditions, fractional-order rotational speed harmonics appear in the casing vibration response. The proposed modeling approach and hybrid numerical method demonstrate strong potential for engineering applications in aero-engine vibration prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 110482"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical model for predicting induced-stress distributions in polycrystalline materials","authors":"T. Mede, S. El Shawish","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110470","url":null,"abstract":"A simple micromechanical model of polycrystalline materials is proposed, which enables us to swiftly produce grain-boundary-stress distributions induced by the uniform external loading (in the elastic strain regime). Such statistical knowledge of local stresses is a necessary prerequisite to assess the probability for intergranular cracking initiation . Model predictions are verified through finite element calculations for various loading configurations, material properties, and grain-boundary types specified by the properties of a bicrystal pair of grains enclosing the grain boundary.","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refined SANISAND-F Model for Non-Proportional Loading: Development and Application","authors":"Yifei Sun, Xingbo Huang, Wojciech Sumelka","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110499","url":null,"abstract":"On-site sand usually suffers non-proportional loading that alters its fabric, strength and deformation characteristics. This study introduces a bounding surface plasticity model specifically designed for non-proportional loading conditions, by refining the SANISAND-F model that accounts for fabric effects. Key innovations include the development of a fabric-dependent elastic relation, a refined plastic loading tensor direction incorporating Lode's angle, and modified plastic flow and kinematic hardening rules tailored for non-proportional shearing. These advancements significantly enhance the accuracy and applicability of the model in capturing complex stress-strain behaviors under non-proportional loading condition. As a result, the stress-induced evolution of contact normals and the principal stress rotation-induced softening of sand can be considered. The return mapping with cutting plane algorithm is adopted to implement the developed model through UMAT subroutines in Abaqus. Then, the model is validated against a series of drained and undrained shear test results of sand under various loading paths, including the triaxial and torsional shear with fixed principal stress axes, as well as the simple shear paths with rotated principal stress axes, etc. It is found that the model simulates well the key stress-strain behaviors of sand, e.g., the strain softening with volumetric dilatancy, liquefaction, non-flow as well as the evolution of the intermediate stress ratio. Further application of the model to solve boundary value problems are provided. It is found that the model can provide a reasonable prediction of the bearing capacity of a strip footing on sand. Typical failure modes with general shear failure and local shear failure can be well reproduced.","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wall confinement and wake interference in vortex-induced vibration of two near-wall staggered cylinders","authors":"Pandeng Yin ,&nbsp;Jianjian Xin ,&nbsp;Fulong Shi ,&nbsp;Yifan Liu ,&nbsp;Wan Ling ,&nbsp;Minghe Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110512","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vortex-induced vibration (VIV) of cylindrical structures near seabed critically impacts fatigue life and safety of subsea pipeline. This study investigates the VIV of two staggered cylinders near a wall to explore the coupled effects of wall confinement and wake interference, which has rarely been reported in previous research. By employing 2D (two-dimensional) direct numerical simulations, the effects of incidence angles (<em>α</em> = 0°–90°), gap-to-diameter ratios (<em>G</em>/<em>D</em> = 0.4, 0.9), and reduced velocities (<em>Ur</em>= 3–8) are systematically analyzed at a Reynolds number of <em>Re</em> = 200. Notably, we introduced a novel classification of seven distinct vibration modes (including suppression, sinusoidal, and various beat modes) and twelve wake patterns (e.g., E-state, S-I, and 2S-I) in the phase plane of <em>Ur-α</em>. Key findings reveal that for <em>G/D</em> = 0.4, increasing the incidence angle reduces vibration amplitudes and narrows the lock-in regime, with the upstream cylinder exhibiting soft lock-in behavior while the downstream cylinder is amplified by wake-induced excitation. In contrast, a larger gap (<em>G/D</em> = 0.9) diminishes wall effects, resulting in a broader range of full frequency synchronization for both cylinders and sharper responses in lift fluctuations. Special phenomena, such as secondary vibration amplification, modal transitions, and frequency switching, are observed at some conditions, highlighting their sensitivity to geometric configuration and flow parameters. Additionally, the strong interconnection between vibration and wake modes are clarified, which are governed by the flow confinement, intensity of wake interference, and vortex synchronization. These findings provide critical insights for designing and optimizing subsea pipelines near walls, enabling improved structural reliability and reduced damage in marine engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 110512"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental analysis of rate-dependent toughness of 3D-printed soft interface composites","authors":"Suhib Abu-Qbeitah ,&nbsp;Olga Petrenko ,&nbsp;Konstantin Y. Volokh ,&nbsp;Stephan Rudykh","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hierarchical structure of biological nacre has long inspired the design of tough, damage-tolerant synthetic composites for advanced engineering applications. In this study, nacre-inspired composites were fabricated via additive manufacturing, embedding rigid inclusions within a soft polymer matrix, and systematically tested to complete fracture. We proposed innovative geometric designs and benchmarked them against the nacre-like architecture, validating experimental outcomes using the material-sink (MS) fracture modeling framework. This work is the first to reveal the rate-dependent fracture pathways in nacre-like composites across a wide spectrum of loading rates – from quasi-static to dynamic – and to document the novel emergence of inclusion fracture as a dominant failure mode at high strain rates. Moreover, the nacre-like design demonstrated exceptional mechanical performance – outperforming alternative architectures by nearly an order of magnitude in work of fracture – due to its unique, multi-stage fracture mechanism that delays and distributes damage progressively. These findings offer critical new insights into the interplay between architectural design and strain-rate effects, providing unprecedented guidance for optimizing nacre-inspired composites for dynamic, load-bearing applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"301 ","pages":"Article 110445"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144331485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconfigurable underwater robots with dual-jet piezoelectric synthetic jet thrusters","authors":"Kai Li ,&nbsp;Hongze Zhang ,&nbsp;Zemin Chen ,&nbsp;Luyang Li ,&nbsp;Shuo Chen ,&nbsp;Lu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110510","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2025.110510","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As underwater exploration advances toward deep-sea operations in complex, unstructured environments, there is a growing need for compact, pressure-resistant robotic systems with enhanced agility and multifunctionality. Conventional electric motor-driven underwater robots struggle to meet these demands due to limitations in dynamic sealing and pressure-resistance. While robots based on functional materials offer miniaturization, they often lack adaptability to complex tasks. This paper presents a compact piezoelectric jet module (3 × 3 × 1.5 cm) with a pressure resistance of 20 MPa, delivering a maximum thrust of 16.4 mN and an average speed of 9.38 cm/s. By employing a dense piezoelectric actuator and an internal-external interconnected structure, the module overcomes the traditional trade-off between depth tolerance and miniaturization. A new explanation for thrust generation in piezoelectric synthetic jet thrusters is proposed based on flow field observations. Two modular reconfigurable underwater robots—<em>Driller</em> and <em>Catcher</em>—are developed using this module and successfully perform tasks in simulated environments. This work contributes to the understanding of piezoelectric jet propulsion and offers a foundation for designing next-generation small, reconfigurable underwater robots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56287,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Mechanical Sciences","volume":"300 ","pages":"Article 110510"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144329861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}