Plants-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Brassinosteroid-Mediated Resistance to Cobalt-Induced Toxicity by Regulating Hormonal Balance, Cellular Metabolism, and Antioxidant Defense in Maize.","authors":"Abdul Salam, Jinzhe Chang, Liupeng Yang, Muhammad Zeeshan, Anas Iqbal, Ali Raza Khan, Muhammad Siddique Afridi, Zaid Ulhassan, Wardah Azhar, Zhixiang Zhang, Peiwen Zhang","doi":"10.3390/plants14132076","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14132076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brassinosteroids (BRs) play an essential role in regulating plant metabolic pathways that influence growth, development, and stress responses. However, their role in alleviating cobalt (Co) stress has not been extensively studied. This research aimed to assess the impact of exogenous BRs (0.1 µM) on maize subjected to Co stress (300 µM) in a hydroponic experiment. The results indicated that BR supplementation significantly decreased the accumulation of H₂O₂ by 17.79 and 16.66%, O₂^•- by 28.5 and 21.48%, and MDA by 37.5 and 37.9% in shoot and root, respectively, as compared to Co stress alone. Additionally, BRs enhanced endogenous levels of BRs (31.16%) and growth hormones (IAA 50.8%, JA 57.8%, GA 52.5%), and reduced Co contents by 26.3% in roots and 36.1% in shoots. BRs enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity both in the shoot and root, leading to reduced ROS levels as confirmed by laser scanning confocal microscopy. Furthermore, BRs increased phenols, flavonoids, and soluble sugars, and elevated total protein content. Observations from transmission electron microscopy indicated reduced ultrastructural damage in plants treated with BRs under Co stress. Taken together, this study highlights the role of BRs in alleviating Co stress in maize, demonstrating their efficiency in enhancing stress tolerance by modulating hormone levels and key metabolic processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phylogenomic Analyses Reveal Species Relationships and Phylogenetic Incongruence with New Member Detected in <i>Allium</i> Subgenus <i>Cyathophora</i>.","authors":"Kun Chen, Zi-Jun Tang, Yuan Wang, Jin-Bo Tan, Song-Dong Zhou, Xing-Jin He, Deng-Feng Xie","doi":"10.3390/plants14132083","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14132083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Species characterized by undetermined clade affiliations, limited research coverage, and deficient systematic investigation serve as enigmatic entities in plant and animal taxonomy, yet hold critical significance for exploring phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary trajectories. Subgenus <i>Cyathophora</i> (<i>Allium</i>, Amayllidaceae), a small taxon comprising approximately five species distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) and adjacent regions might contain an enigmatic species that has long remained unexplored. In this study, we collected data on species from subgenus <i>Cyathophora</i> and its close relatives in subgenus <i>Rhizirideum</i>, as well as the enigmatic species <i>Allium siphonanthum</i>. Combining phylogenomic datasets and morphological evidence, we investigated species relationships and the underlying mechanism of phylogenetic discordance. A total of 1662 single-copy genes (SCGs) and 150 plastid loci were filtered and used for phylogenetic analyses based on concatenated and coalescent-based methods. Furthermore, to systematically evaluate phylogenetic discordance and decipher its underlying drivers, we implemented integrative analyses using multiple approaches, such as coalescent simulation, Quartet Sampling (QS), and MSCquartets. Our phylogenetic analyses robustly resolve <i>A. siphonanthum</i> as a member of subg. <i>Cyathophora</i>, forming a sister clade with <i>A. spicatum.</i> This relationship was further corroborated by their shared morphological characteristics. Despite the robust phylogenies inferred, extensive phylogenetic conflicts were detected not only among gene trees but also between SCGs and plastid-derived species trees. These significant phylogenetic incongruences in subg. <i>Cyathophora</i> predominantly stem from incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and reticulate evolutionary processes, with historical hybridization events likely correlated with the past orogenic dynamics and paleoclimatic oscillations in the QTP and adjacent regions. Our findings not only provide new insights into the phylogeny of subg. <i>Cyathophora</i> but also significantly enhance our understanding of the evolution of species in this subgenus.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12252102/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mamba-YOLO-ML: A State-Space Model-Based Approach for Mulberry Leaf Disease Detection.","authors":"Chang Yuan, Shicheng Li, Ke Wang, Qinghua Liu, Wentao Li, Weiguo Zhao, Guangyou Guo, Lai Wei","doi":"10.3390/plants14132084","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14132084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mulberry (<i>Morus</i> spp.), as an economically significant crop in sericulture and medicinal applications, faces severe threats to leaf yield and quality from pest and disease infestations. Traditional detection methods relying on chemical pesticides and manual observation prove inefficient and unsustainable. Although computer vision and deep learning technologies offer new solutions, existing models exhibit limitations in natural environments, including low recognition rates for small targets, insufficient computational efficiency, poor adaptability to occlusions, and inability to accurately identify structural features such as leaf veins. We propose Mamba-YOLO-ML, an optimized model addressing three key challenges in vision-based detection: Phase-Modular Design (PMSS) with dual blocks enhancing multi-scale feature representation and SSM selective mechanisms and Mamba Block, Haar wavelet downsampling preserving critical texture details, and Normalized Wasserstein Distance loss improving small-target robustness. Visualization analysis of the detection performance on the test set using GradCAM revealed that the enhanced Mamba-YOLO-ML model demonstrates earlier and more effective focus on characteristic regions of different diseases compared with its predecessor. The improved model achieved superior detection accuracy with 78.2% mAP50 and 59.9% mAP50:95, outperforming YOLO variants and comparable Transformer-based models, establishing new state-of-the-art performance. Its lightweight architecture (5.6 million parameters, 13.4 GFLOPS) maintains compatibility with embedded devices, enabling real-time field deployment. This study provides an extensible technical solution for precision agriculture, facilitating sustainable mulberry cultivation through efficient pest and disease management.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12252342/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial Effects of <i>Abies alba</i> Essential Oil and Its Application in Food Preservation.","authors":"Milena D Vukić, Nenad L Vuković, Marina Radović Jakovljević, Marija S Ristić, Miroslava Kačániová","doi":"10.3390/plants14132071","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14132071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The emergence of antimicrobial resistance and the increasing demand for a healthier lifestyle have set new goals for science and industry. In the search for new, more effective, and environmentally friendly antimicrobial agents, special attention is being paid to natural resources. In this regard, essential oils derived from plants, which are widely used in the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries, are one of the solutions. In view of the above, this study aims to investigate the biological effects of <i>Abies alba</i> essential oil (AAEO). The chemical profile of AAEO was evaluated by GC/MS analysis, which revealed a high abundance of limonene (52.2%) and α-pinene (36.2%). Antioxidant activity evaluation showed a higher potential of AAEO in scavenging ABTS radical species with an IC₅₀ value of 1.18 ± 0.05 mg/mL. In vitro antimicrobial activity was determined by disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration assays and showed that AAEO was more efficient in inhibiting the growth of G⁺ bacterial species. On contrary, in situ evaluations of antimicrobial effects of AAEO on different food models (strawberry, kiwi, white radish, and beetroot) resulted in more efficient suppression of G^- bacterial species. Although AAEO showed low effects on yeasts determined by in vitro methods, in situ investigations showed its higher potential in eradication of Candida yeast. The antibiofilm properties of the AAEO matrix were determined by means of crystal violet assay and MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper analysis against biofilm-forming <i>Salmonella enterica</i>. The analysis performed led to the conclusion that AAEO, when applied prior to biofilm formation, may contribute to the removal of planktonic cells and alter the abiotic surface, thereby reducing the suitability of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> for microbial attachment.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucosinolate and Sugar Profiles in Space-Grown Radish.","authors":"Karl H Hasenstein, Syed G A Moinuddin, Anna Berim, Laurence B Davin, Norman G Lewis","doi":"10.3390/plants14132063","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14132063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The quest to establish permanent outposts in space, the Moon, and Mars requires growing plants for nutrition, water purification, and carbon/nutrient recycling, as well as the psychological well-being of crews and personnel on extra-terrestrial platforms/outposts. To achieve these essential goals, the safety, quality, and sustainability of plant material grown in space should be comparable to Earth-grown crops. In this study, radish plants were grown at 2500 ppm CO₂ in two successive grow-outs on the International Space Station and at similar CO₂ partial pressure at the Kennedy Space Center. An additional control experiment was performed at the University of Louisiana Lafayette laboratory, at ambient CO₂. Subsequent analyses of glucosinolate and sugar species and content showed that regardless of growth condition, glucoraphasatin, glucoraphenin, glucoerucin, glucobrassicin, 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and three aliphatic GSLs tentatively assigned to 3-methylpentyl GSL, 4-methylpentyl GSL, and <i>n</i>-hexyl GSL were present in all examined plants. The most common sugars were fructose, glucose, and sucrose, but some plants also contained galactose, maltose, rhamnose, and trehalose. The variability of individual secondary metabolite abundances was not related to gravity conditions but appeared more sensitive to CO₂ concentration. No indication was found that radish cultivation in space resulted in stress(es) that increased glucosinolate secondary metabolism. Flavor and nutrient components in space-grown plants were comparable to cultivation on Earth.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12252257/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Effects of Partial Substitution of Sludge with Cattle Manure and Straw on Soil Improvement and <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> var. <i>mongolica</i> Growth in Horqin Sandy Land, China.","authors":"Dan Su, Meiqi Zhang, Yao Chang, Jie Bai, Guiyan Ai, Yanhui Peng, Zhongyi Pang, Xuekai Sun","doi":"10.3390/plants14132067","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14132067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Afforestation with <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> var. <i>mongolica</i> in northern China is hindered by soil degradation. This study evaluated a ternary amendment combining sewage sludge (SS), cattle manure (CM), and maize straw (MS) to rehabilitate degraded sandy soils in the Horqin Sandy Land. Five treatments were tested: control (CK), SS (T1), SS + CM (T2), SS+MS (T3), and SS + CM + MS (T4). The ternary amendment (T4) achieved optimal outcomes: soil pH decreased from 8.02 to 7.79, organic carbon increased 2.5-fold, and total nitrogen (127%) and phosphorus (87.5%) were enhanced compared to CK. <i>Pinus sylvestris</i> exhibited a 65.6% greater basal diameter and 29.5% height increase under T4, while heavy metal concentrations (Cd: -54.6%, Cu: -35.1%, Pb: -12.2% and Zn: -27.6%) were reduced. These findings highlight a synergistic waste valorization strategy for dryland afforestation, balancing soil fertility improvement with ecological safety. Future studies should prioritize long-term microbial community dynamics and field-scale validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicon Protects Rice Plants Against Striped Stem Borer by Disturbing Herbivory-Induced Putrescine Accumulation.","authors":"Hao Zhang, Xiaodong Liu, Cunyan Li, Linzhi Fang, Chaoyue Gai, Rensen Zeng, Qiongli Wang, Yuanyuan Song, Daoqian Chen","doi":"10.3390/plants14132066","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14132066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Silicon (Si) protects plants against insect herbivores; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Polyamines (PAs) play a crucial role in plant-insect interactions. Here, the involvement of Si in putrescine (Put) metabolism and its role in rice resistance against striped stem borer (SSB, <i>Chilo suppressalis</i> Walker) were investigated. The results showed that SSB larval infestation led to a substantial accumulation of free Put in rice seedlings. Si application increased rice resistance against SSB and repressed the SSB attack-induced accumulation of Put, in parallel with a decreased expression of Put biosynthesis genes encoding arginine decarboxylase (<i>ADC1</i> and <i>ADC2</i>). Moreover, Si application had no significant effect on the wounding-induced expression of <i>ADC1</i> and <i>ADC2</i>, but attenuated the further elevation in the transcription of <i>ADC1</i> and <i>ADC2</i> induced by SSB larvae oral secretion. Simultaneously, Si addition reduced the Put and spermidine contents in SSB-attacked plants. Furthermore, the exogenous application of Put attenuated Si-enhanced resistance against SSB larvae, whereas exogenous D-arginine, an inhibitor of ADC, showed similar effects to Si on rice resistance against SSB. Our findings indicate that Si improves rice resistance to SSB, at least partly by reducing herbivory-stimulated putrescine accumulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12252242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant Defense Proteins: Recent Discoveries and Applications.","authors":"Samuel O Shobade, Marit Nilsen-Hamilton, Olga A Zabotina","doi":"10.3390/plants14132069","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14132069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Proteins play pivotal roles in safeguarding plants against numerous biotic and abiotic stresses. Understanding their biological functions and mechanisms of action is essential for advancing plant biology, agriculture, and biotechnology. This review considers the diversity and potential applications of plant defense proteins including pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, chitinases, glucanases, protease inhibitors, lectins, and antimicrobial peptides. Recent advances, such as the omics technologies, have enabled the discovery of new plant defense proteins and regulatory networks that govern plant defense responses and unveiled numerous roles of plant defense proteins in stress perception, signal transduction, and immune priming. The molecular affinities and enzymatic activities of plant defense proteins are essential for their defense functions. Applications of plant defense proteins span agriculture, biotechnology, and medicine, including the development of resistant crop varieties, bio-based products, biopharmaceuticals, and functional foods. Future research directions include elucidating the structural bases of defense protein functions, exploring protein interactions with ligands and other proteins, and engineering defense proteins for enhanced efficacy. Overall, this review illuminates the significance of plant defense proteins against biotic stresses in plant biology and biotechnology, emphasizing their potential for sustainable agriculture and environmental management.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12252001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Effects of Salt-Tolerant PGPR and Foliar Silicon on Pak Choi Antioxidant Defense Under Salt Stress.","authors":"Jieru Zhao, Qibiao Han, Bingjian Cui, Juan Wang, Chao Hu, Rui Li, Yanyu Lin, Ying Xu, Chuncheng Liu","doi":"10.3390/plants14132065","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14132065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salinization severely impairs crop growth by inducing oxidative stress and disrupting cellular homeostasis. This study systematically investigates the synergistic effects of salt-tolerant plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (ST-PGPR) and foliar silicon fertilizer spraying (FSFS) on antioxidant responses in Pak choi under salt stress. Two-season pot experiments were carried out to evaluate key indicators, including antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase: SOD; peroxidase: POD; catalase: CAT), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde: MDA), osmolyte accumulation (proline, soluble protein), and hormones (Jasmonic Acid: JA; Salicylic Acid: SA; Abscisic acid: ABA). The results demonstrate that combining ST-PGPR with FSFS significantly enhances SOD (6.18-2353.85%), POD (3.44-153.29%), and CAT (25.71-319.29%) activities while reducing MDA content (8.12-35.87%). Proline and soluble protein levels increased by 1.56-15.71% and 5.03-188.87%, respectively. Hormonal regulation increased JA, SA, and ABA levels by 1.05-31.81%, 2.09-34.29%, and 3.18-30.09%, respectively. Notably, ST-PGPR treatments at 10⁴ and 10⁶ cfu·mL^-1, combined with foliar silicon application, consistently ranked highest in overall antioxidant performance across both seasons based on a principal component analysis. These findings provide novel insights into microbial-mineral interactions for sustainable saline agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12252088/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Plant Topping on Seasonal Development, Physiological Changes, and Grain Yield of Soybean.","authors":"Sora Lee, Chaelin Jo, Miri Choi, Jihyeon Lee, Nayoung Choi, Chaein Na","doi":"10.3390/plants14132068","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14132068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i> L.) is vulnerable to environmental stresses, such as heavy rainfall and high winds, which promote lodging and reduce plant performance during the monsoon season. To mitigate these issues, we evaluated the effects of plant topping, a practice involving the removal of apical buds, on plant architecture, physiological traits, and grain yield in four soybean cultivars over two growing seasons (2021-2022). Plant topping was performed at the V6-7 stage by cutting 30-35 cm above the ground. Plant topping reduced plant height by up to 23.5% and decreased leaf area index (by 8.0-16.4%), potentially improving light penetration into the lower canopy. Although chlorophyll concentration declined temporarily (297.8 vs. 272.8 mg m^-2 for non-topping vs. topping, respectively), NDVI remained stable, indicating delayed senescence. Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters revealed cultivar-specific stress responses, particularly in Taegwang, which showed elevated ABS/RC, TR₀/RC, and DI₀/CS values under plant topping. Grain yield was generally unaffected, except in Jinpung, which increased by 34% under plant topping in 2021 (2701 kg ha^-1 vs. 3621 kg ha^-1 for non-topping vs. topping). In conclusion, plant topping may help improve canopy structure and light distribution without compromising yield, potentially reducing lodging risk and offering a cultivar-specific management strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251880/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}