Plants-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Subsoiling Before Wheat Sowing Enhances Grain Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Maize in Dryland Winter Wheat and Summer Maize Double Cropping System Under One-Off Irrigation Practice During the Wheat Season.","authors":"Yanmin Peng, Kainan Zhao, Jun Zhang, Kaiming Ren, Junhao Zhang, Jinhua Guo, Rongrong Wang, Huishu Xiao, Peipei Jiang, Ninglu Xu, Ming Huang, Jinzhi Wu, Youjun Li","doi":"10.3390/plants14050738","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14050738","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The winter wheat and summer maize double cropping system is the primary cropping pattern for wheat and maize in dryland areas of China. The management of tillage in this system is typically conducted before wheat sowing. However, few studies have validated and quantified the impact of tillage methods before wheat sowing and irrigation practices during the wheat season on the yield formation and water use efficiency of summer maize. Therefore, this study hypothesized that subsoiling before wheat sowing improves maize yield and WUE by enhancing soil moisture retention and plant development. A three-year field experiment with a two-factor split-plot design was conducted at the junction of the Loess Plateau and the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain in China for validation, from 2019 to 2022. Three tillage methods before wheat sowing (RT: rotary tillage; PT: plowing, SS: subsoiling) were assigned to the main plots, and two irrigation practices during wheat growing season (W0: zero-irrigation; W1: one-off irrigation) were assigned to subplots. We measured the soil moisture, grain yield, dry matter accumulation, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) accumulation, and water use efficiency of summer maize. The results indicated that subsoiling before wheat sowing increased soil water storage at the sowing of summer maize, thereby promoting dry matter and nutrient accumulation. Compared to rotary tillage and plowing, subsoiling before wheat sowing increased grain yield and water use efficiency of maize by an average of 19.5% and 21.8%, respectively. One-off irrigation during the wheat season had negative effects on pre-sowing soil water storage and maize productivity in terms of yield and dry matter accumulation. However, subsoiling before wheat sowing can mitigate these negative effects of one-off irrigation. Correlation analysis and path model results indicated that tillage methods before wheat sowing had a greater impact on soil water storage and maize productivity than irrigation practices during wheat growing season. The most direct factor affecting maize yield was dry matter accumulation, whereas the most direct factor affecting water use efficiency was nutrient accumulation. The technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) comprehensive evaluation indicated that subsoiling before wheat sowing was superior for achieving high maize yield and water use efficiency under the practice of one-off irrigation during the wheat season. These findings offer practical guidance for optimizing soil water use and maize productivity in drylands.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Analysis of the <i>ZmPR5</i> Gene Related to Resistance Against <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i> in Maize.","authors":"Wei Yang, Hongyu Cai, Yuanqi Zhang, Junheng Hao, Yaqi Ma, Qinxuan He, Kun Zhao, Honggang Li, Ayue Fang, Dalong Hou, Xuejiao Ren","doi":"10.3390/plants14050737","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14050737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, the gene <i>ZmPR5</i>, associated with resistance to ear rot, was identified through transcriptome data analysis of the maize inbred line J1259. The gene was subsequently cloned and its function was investigated. The <i>ZmPR5</i> gene comprises an open reading frame of 525 base pairs, encoding a protein of 175 amino acids. <i>ZmPR5</i> was overexpressed in Arabidopsis and the <i>ZmPR5EMS</i> mutant in maize, and they were subjected to q-PCR and measurements of antioxidant enzyme activities (POD, SOD, CAT, MDA), electrical conductivity, and chlorophyll content. The results indicate that the expression of <i>ZmPR5</i> is up-regulated upon infection by <i>Fusarium verticillioides</i>, with significant differences observed in the activities of POD, SOD, CAT, MDA, electrical conductivity, and chlorophyll content. The study found that <i>ZmPR5</i> is localized in the nucleus and interacts with <i>Zm00001d020492 (WRKY53)</i> and <i>Zm00001d042140 (glucA)</i>. Trypan blue staining revealed that the stained area in the <i>ZmPR5EMS</i> mutant of maize was significantly larger than that in B73. The expression of <i>ZmPR5</i> is closely associated with resistance to maize ear rot.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the Potential Role of Dhurrin in Sorghum During Infection by the Head Smut Pathogen <i>Sporisorium reilianum</i> f. sp. <i>reilianum</i>.","authors":"Coumba Fall, Seunghyun Lim, Ezekiel Ahn, Sunchung Park, Louis K Prom, Clint W Magill","doi":"10.3390/plants14050740","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14050740","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cyanogenic glucoside dhurrin is found in sorghum and has been reported for its role in defense against biotic and abiotic stresses, both involving hydrogen cyanide (HCN) release. The fungus <i>Sporisorium reilianum</i> f. sp. <i>reilianum</i> (SRS) causes sorghum head smut and the infection occurs at the seedling stage, later resulting in panicle loss. Here, the focus was to determine the role of dhurrin in sorghum's reaction against SRS infection. We investigated the genomic basis of HCN potential (HCNp) variation and its relationship with seedlings' response to SRS inoculation, along with other sorghum traits, and the expression of dhurrin biosynthetic genes in SRS-inoculated young sorghum. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using HCNp scores showed significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosomes harboring the dhurrin biosynthetic and catabolic genes but not in proximity. Significant hits were also detected in or near genes encoding proteins involved in plant defense/resistance against biotic stresses. Correlation analyses showed a strong positive relationship between average HCNp scores and latent period in SRS-inoculated sorghum seedlings. RT-qPCR revealed that the dhurrin biosynthetic genes were upregulated in the leaves of the head smut resistant line BTx635 up to two days after SRS inoculation. Our results suggest the involvement of dhurrin in sorghum's protection against SRS.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901864/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Function of Anthocyanin and Chlorophyll Metabolic Pathways in the Floral Sepals Color Formation in Different Hydrangea Cultivars.","authors":"Yanguo Ke, Umair Ashraf, Dongdong Wang, Waseem Hassan, Ying Zou, Ying Qi, Yiwei Zhou, Farhat Abbas","doi":"10.3390/plants14050742","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14050742","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hydrangea (<i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i>) is distinguished by having sepals instead of real petals, a trait that facilitates color diversity. Floral color is largely predetermined by structural genes linked to anthocyanin production, but the genetic factors determining floral hue in this non-model plant remain unclear. Anthocyanin metabolites, transcriptome, and the CIE<i>L*a*b*</i> hue system were employed to elucidate the biochemical and molecular mechanisms of floral color formation in three hydrangea cultivars: 'DB' (deep blue), 'LB' (light blue), and 'GB' (green blue). UPLC-MS/MS identified 47 metabolites, with delphinidin, cyanidin, malvidin, petunidin, pelargonidin, and peonidin being prominent. Delphinidins were 90% of the primary component in 'DB'. The dataset identifies 51 and 31 DEGs associated with anthocyanin, flavonoid, and chlorophyll biosynthesis, with <i>CHS</i>, <i>CHI</i>, <i>F3H</i>, <i>F3'5'H</i>, <i>DFR</i>, <i>ANS</i>, <i>BZ1</i>, and <i>3AT</i> displaying the highest expression in 'DB'. Notably, <i>DFR</i> (cluster-46471.3) exhibits high expression in 'DB' while being down-regulated in 'LB' and 'GB', correlating with higher anthocyanin levels in floral pigmentation. Comparative analyses of 'LB' vs. 'DB', 'DB' vs. 'GB', and 'LB' vs. 'GB' revealed 460, 490, and 444 differentially expressed TFs, respectively. WRKY, ERF, bHLH, NAC, and AP2/ERF showed the highest expression in 'DB', aligning with the color formation and key anthocyanin biosynthesis-related gene expression. The findings reveal the molecular mechanisms behind floral pigmentation variations and lay the groundwork for future hydrangea breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Morphological and Quality Characteristics of Naturally Growing <i>Thymus kotschyanus</i> Boiss. & Hohen. var. <i>kotschyanus</i> Populations Around of Van/Türkiye.","authors":"Lütfi Nohutçu, Murat Tunçtürk, Rüveyde Tunçtürk, Ezelhan Şelem, Hüseyin Eroğlu","doi":"10.3390/plants14050729","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14050729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, morphological and quality characteristics (nutritional value, EO ratio and content, TPC, TFC, and TAA) of 12 different naturally growing populations (T1 to T12) of <i>Thymus kotschyanus</i> var. <i>kotschyanus</i> were investigated. In the case of macro and micro nutrients, all the populations have a rich ingredient, and for heavy metal content, all population results are within limits. The percentage of essential oils in the population varied between 0.43% to 4.66% (<i>v</i>/<i>w</i>). Thymol was the most abundant compound in the whole population and the percentage of thymol ranged from 4.07% to 81.15%. In the study, eight populations had more than 50% thymol content and the maximum percentage was recorded from the T1 population (81.15%). The total phenolic compound ranged from 152.81 to 195.23 mg GAE/g of dry extract and total flavonoid content ranged from 145.24 to 382.74 mg QE/100 g. Total antioxidant activity varies between 78.43 and 228.55 µmol TE/g and the highest value was obtained from population T7. PCA analysis was carried out to determine the morphological and quality parameters of the populations. Four populations were superior to others for morphological analysis and two populations were superior to others for quality analysis. According to the result of the study, the T10 population has higher yield and quality compared to other populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901773/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Delayed Vegetation Mortality After Wildfire: Insights from a Mediterranean Ecosystem.","authors":"Giulia Calderisi, Ivo Rossetti, Donatella Cogoni, Giuseppe Fenu","doi":"10.3390/plants14050730","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14050730","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Wildfires, one of the most important ecological disturbances, influence the composition and dynamics of ecosystems all around the world. Changes in fire regimes brought on by climate change are making their effects worse by increasing the frequency and size of fires. This study examined the issue of delayed mortality at the species and community levels, concentrating on Mediterranean forests dominated by <i>Quercus ilex</i> and <i>Quercus suber</i>. This research examined areas lacking spectral recovery following a megafire, which, although relatively small compared to the total burned area, represented significant ecological disturbances. The results highlighted distinct post-fire dynamics at both the woodland and species levels. <i>Q. ilex</i> experienced higher delayed mortality, particularly in areas of lower fire severity (NR), likely due to increased intra-specific competition. Because of its thick bark, which offers stronger fire resistance and encourages regeneration even in high-severity fire zones (HR), <i>Q. suber</i> showed greater resilience. Responses from the shrub layer varied, and some species, such as <i>Pteridium aquilinum</i> and <i>Cytisus villosus</i>, showed post-fire proliferation. To improve our knowledge of ecosystem resilience and guide forest management in fire-prone areas, these findings highlight the intricacy of post-fire ecological processes and the need to integrate species-specific features with more general community-level patterns.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Variation of Growth Traits and Seed Production in a Patagonian Native Pasture in Semiarid Rangelands Under Different Environmental Settings.","authors":"Aldana Soledad López, Nicolás Nagahama, Alejandro Aparicio, María Marta Azpilicueta, Verónica Guidalevich, Juan Pablo Angeli, Paula Marchelli","doi":"10.3390/plants14050736","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14050736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rangelands play a crucial socioeconomic and environmental role worldwide. In South America, desertification and overgrazing has led to their deterioration and declining productivity. Breeding programs that use native forage species of economic and ecological importance, such as <i>Festuca pallescens</i> (St. Yves) Parodi, may provide locally adapted germplasm that enhances productivity without threatening local biodiversity. These programs may even promote the conservation of native species. To this end, we characterized the phenotypic variation of nondestructive variables (growth and reproductive traits) related to forage and seed production during spring and early summer (growth and reproductive periods). Plants from ten populations were grown under common garden conditions in two environmental settings (sites) over two years. By early summer of the second year, most populations maintained a consistent relative performance with higher values for basal diameter, height and synflorescence production at site 2. This suggests more favorable environmental conditions for the species and highlights their potential for enhancing both seed and forage production. The growth and reproductive traits were probably largely influenced by micro-environmental cues (i.e., soil type and moisture), showing predominantly plastic patterns. The populations displaying phenotypic plasticity and above-average values for both traits were selected for further evaluation in breeding programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Two <i>Bacillus</i> Strains Isolated from the Coastal Zone in Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L.) Under Salt Stress.","authors":"Müge Teker Yıldız, Okan Acar","doi":"10.3390/plants14050723","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14050723","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Salt stress is one of the most important abiotic stress factors that negatively affects sustainable crop production, agricultural productivity, and microbial life. Increasing salt stress negatively affects the growth and development of barley, posing a threat to global food security. It is now known that inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has significant potential in increasing stress tolerance and yield in agricultural products. This study focused on the effects of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> CUN6 and <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> SIRB2, isolated from the coastal zone and tested for their PGPR capacities, on physiological (root length, shoot length, biomass, dry weight) and biochemical (total chlorophyll, total protein, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, peroxidase activity (POX), catalase activity (CAT)) analyses in <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L. seedlings under salt stress. The results showed that the two bacterial inoculations alleviated the negative effects of salt stress by increasing the root-shoot length, biomass, dry weight, chlorophyll content, and total protein content in barley plants. However, <i>B.</i><i>thuringiensis</i> increased growth and development especially in root length, biomass, and dry weight compared to <i>B.</i><i>cereus.</i> On the other hand, <i>B.</i><i>cereus</i> significantly increased root length, biomass, and chlorophyll content under salt stress; these increases were 17%, 5%, and 7%, respectively. <i>B.</i><i>thuringiensis</i> chlorophyll content increased by 4% in 300 mM NaCl compared to the control. When compared in terms of the antioxidant defense system, <i>B.</i><i>thuringiensis</i> inoculation was more effective on CAT activity, while <i>B.</i><i>cereus</i> inoculation was more effective on POX activity. Under salt stress, <i>B.</i><i>cereus</i> and <i>B.</i><i>thuringiensis</i> inoculation significantly decreased H₂O₂ content in barley; these decreases were 16% and 10%, respectively. Additionally, TBARs content was significantly decreased by <i>B.</i><i>cereus</i> and <i>B.</i><i>thuringiensis</i> inoculation under salt stress; these decreases were determined as 8% and 9%, respectively, compared to the control. These results indicated that both bacterial inoculations can alleviate the salt tolerance of barley seedlings by regulating antioxidant metabolism. This research focused on the potential of <i>B.</i><i>cereus</i> and <i>B.</i><i>thuringiensis</i> as biofertilizers against salt stress in barley based on physiological and biochemical analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11902031/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143651728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Monitoring of <i>Chilo suppressalis</i> Resistance to Insecticides and the Potential Influencing Factors.","authors":"Wujia Mo, Qiang Li, Zhongxian Lu, Farman Ullah, Jiawen Guo, Hongxing Xu, Yanhui Lu","doi":"10.3390/plants14050724","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14050724","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Chilo suppressalis</i> is one of the most important rice pests worldwide, and chlorantraniliprole, abamectin, and methoxyfenozide have been widely used to control this pest in China. However, the control efficiency in the field has dramatically decreased in recent years. Therefore, assessing the impacts of different factors on <i>C. suppressalis</i> resistance is essential for maintaining control effectiveness and managing resistant populations. Herein, we investigated insecticide resistance and its potential influencing factors (biotic and abiotic factors) in <i>C. suppressalis</i> field populations, using bioassays and biochemical and molecular diagnostic approaches. The results showed that the resistance levels of most field populations of <i>C. suppressalis</i> have evolved to moderate-to-high levels to the tested insecticides. The toxicity correlation analysis indicated that there was a significant positive correlation between the resistance levels of abamectin and methoxyfenozide, whereas GST activity was positively correlated with abamectin and methoxyfenozide resistance in <i>C. suppressalis</i>. EST and P450 activities showed significantly positive correlation with the resistance of chlorantraniliprole and methoxyfenozide, while the increase in temperature enhanced EST enzyme activity and was positively correlated with the evolution of resistance to methoxyfenozide. Overall, our study provides a systematic understanding of the dynamic resistance status and its influencing factors of <i>C. suppressalis</i> to insecticides. These findings will help clarify the resistance levels and the influencing factors in the resistance development of <i>C. suppressalis</i>, providing a theoretical basis for the resistance management of this insect species.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyperspectral Imaging and Machine Learning for Diagnosing Rice Bacterial Blight Symptoms Caused by <i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> pv. <i>oryzae</i>, <i>Pantoea ananatis</i> and <i>Enterobacter asburiae</i>.","authors":"Meng Zhang, Shuqi Tang, Chenjie Lin, Zichao Lin, Liping Zhang, Wei Dong, Nan Zhong","doi":"10.3390/plants14050733","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14050733","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In rice, infections caused by <i>Pantoea ananatis</i> or <i>Enterobacter asburiae</i> closely resemble the bacterial blight induced by <i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> pv. <i>oryzae</i>, yet they differ in drug resistance and management strategies. This study explores the potential of combining hyperspectral imaging (HSI) with machine learning for the rapid and accurate detection of rice bacterial blight symptoms caused by various pathogens. One-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1DCNNs) were employed to construct a classification model, integrating various spectral preprocessing techniques and feature selection algorithms for comparison. To enhance model robustness and mitigate overfitting due to limited spectral samples, generative adversarial networks (GANs) were utilized to augment the dataset. The results indicated that the 1DCNN model, after feature selection using uninformative variable elimination (UVE), achieved an accuracy of 86.11% and an F1 score of 0.8625 on the five-class dataset. However, the dominance of <i>Pantoea ananatis</i> in mixed bacterial samples negatively impacted classification performance. After removing mixed-infection samples, the model attained an accuracy of 97.06% and an F1 score of 0.9703 on the four-class dataset, demonstrating high classification accuracy across different pathogen-induced infections. Key spectral bands were identified at 420-490 nm, 610-670 nm, 780-850 nm, and 910-940 nm, facilitating pathogen differentiation. This study presents a precise, non-destructive approach to plant disease detection, offering valuable insights into disease prevention and management in precision agriculture.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11901819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}