Plants-Basel最新文献

{"title":"Soil-Driven Coupling of Plant Community Functional Traits and Diversity in Desert-Oasis Transition Zone.","authors":"Zhuopeng Fan, Tingting Xie, Lishan Shan, Hongyong Wang, Jing Ma, Yuanzhi Yue, Meng Yuan, Quangang Li, Cai He, Yonghua Zhao","doi":"10.3390/plants14131997","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14131997","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Understanding the relationships between diversity and functional traits in plant communities is essential for elucidating ecosystem functions, forecasting community succession, and informing ecological restoration efforts in arid regions. Although the current research on plant functional traits and diversity has improved our ability to predict ecological functions, there are still many problems, such as how environmental changes affect the relationship between species diversity and plant functional traits, and how these interactions affect plant community functions. We examined the relationships among leaf and fine root functional traits, species diversity, and functional diversity at the community level, along with their environmental interpretations, in a plant community within the desert-oasis transition zone of the Hexi Corridor, where habitats are undergoing significant small-scale changes. During dune succession, plant community composition and diversity exhibited significant variation. Plants are adapted to environmental changes through synergistic combinations of above-ground and below-ground traits. Specifically, plants in fixed dunes adopted a \"slow investment\" strategy, while those in semi-fixed and mobile dunes employed a \"fast investment\" approach to resource acquisition. A strong coupling was observed between plant community functional traits and species diversity. Soil phosphorus content and compactness emerged as primary factors influencing differences in plant community functional traits and composition. These soil factors indirectly regulated fine root functional traits and diversity by affecting species diversity, thereby driving community succession. Our study elucidates the \"soil-diversity-community functional trait\" linkage mechanisms in the successional process of desert plants. This research provides scientific support for the restoring and reconstruction of degraded ecosystems in arid zones.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Core Germplasm Construction of <i>Castanea crenata</i> Siebold and Zucc. Using Simple Sequence Repeat Markers and Morphological Traits.","authors":"Yanhong Cui, Xinghua Nie, Juanjuan Liu, Shihui Chu, Hanqi Liu, Kaiyuan Xu, Yi Shao, Zhannan Wang, Ruijie Zheng, Yu Xing","doi":"10.3390/plants14131998","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14131998","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigates the taxonomic status, phylogenetic relationships, and genetic diversity of Japanese chestnut (<i>Castanea crenata</i> Siebold & Zucc.) in Liaodong, China, and across East Asia. Additionally, it evaluates core germplasm resources through cluster and population structure analyses using simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker data from 13 <i>Castanea henryi</i>, <i>18 Castanea seguinii</i>, and 27 <i>Castanea mollissima</i>, and 142 Japanese chestnut resources. The results show that the East Asian <i>Castanea</i> genus forms a monophyletic group with distinct interspecific boundaries. Japanese chestnut and two varieties/lines of <i>C. seguinii</i> (187 and 170) form a sister clade, indicating a close phylogenetic relationship. All Japanese chestnut resources are divided into two branches, with considerable admixture. The genetic diversity analysis revealed that the 142 Japanese chestnut varieties/lines collectively possessed 141 allelic loci, with genetic distances (GDs) ranging from 0.429 to 0.880 with an average of 0.740. Based on unique characteristics, seven resources with distinctive features were selected as mandatory. A total of 41 core germplasm resources were finally determined using the simulated annealing method. The comparative analysis revealed that, aside from a notable difference in polymorphic information loci, the core germplasm and original germplasm showed no significant differences in other genetic diversity parameters. This indicates that the 41 core germplasm resources effectively preserve the genetic diversity of the original germplasm and have been influenced by artificial selection. This study provides a scientific basis for conserving and using <i>C. crenata</i> germplasm resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12252320/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Post-Brief-Storage Fruit Quality and Sensory Characteristics of Old, Local Apple Cultivars from the Carpathian Basin.","authors":"Gitta Ficzek, Sherif Mehmeti, Géza Bujdosó, Ágnes Magyar, Gergely Simon","doi":"10.3390/plants14132005","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14132005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Local apple (<i>Malus x domestica</i> Borkh.) cultivars with tolerance to environmental stress factors must be re-evaluated. While the cultivation of apple trees has a long-standing tradition in Hungary, only a handful of cultivars are produced on a large scale, reflecting a trend in global apple production. The most commonly cultivated apple cultivars worldwide include 'Golden Delicious', 'Red Delicious', 'Gala', 'Fuji', and 'Granny Smith' (with 'Jonagold' and 'Idared' being significant in Europe). As a result, genetic diversity among apple cultivars has decreased significantly, which has increased the risk of epidemics if a new pathogen appears. Nonetheless, old and local apple cultivars of the Carpathian Basin have adapted well to Hungarian environmental stress factors and pathogens and seem tolerant to them. In this study, fruit analyses and consumer evaluations of eighteen old, local apple cultivars were conducted. Various physicochemical parameters, such as fruit mass, firmness, total soluble solid content, and total acid content, as well as the content of some biological active compounds, including polyphenol content, antioxidant capacity (FRAP), and pectin content, were determined. Additionally, a consumer evaluation was carried out. Based on the results, most of the old, local apple cultivars exhibit high fruit quality and offer considerable health benefits. The proportion of biologically active compounds in these cultivars is equal to or higher than that in the reference cultivar 'Watson Jonathan'. Based on the excellent fruit quality and consumer preferences, the 'Harang alma' (an attractive fruit exhibiting high FRAP values) and 'Marosszéki piros' (with firm flesh and a high pectin content and being particularly tasty) cultivars are recommended for backyard gardens.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12252094/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Drought and Biostimulant in Greenhouse Tomato: Agronomic and Metabolomic Insights.","authors":"Marzia Leporino, Mariateresa Cardarelli, Paolo Bonini, Simona Proietti, Stefano Moscatello, Giuseppe Colla","doi":"10.3390/plants14132000","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14132000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Widespread drought conditions have increasingly affected agricultural productivity, requiring the exploration of alternative approaches for improving crop tolerance, yield and quality, since plants adopt many physiological strategies to cope with challenging environments. This study evaluated the effects of a vegetal-derived protein hydrolysate (PH), applied via foliar spray or root drench at a concentration of 3 mL L^-1, on tomato plants (n = 96) under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions over a 136-day greenhouse experiment. Overall, sub-optimal irrigation significantly decreased plant dry biomass (-55.3%) and fruit production (-68.8% marketable yield), and enhanced fruit quality in terms of sugar concentration and antioxidant levels. PH treatments, regardless of the application method, did not notably influence above-ground dry biomass, yield, or fruit quality, suggesting that the intensity of drought might have limited PH effectiveness. Metabolomic analysis showed higher concentrations of stress- and quality-related metabolites in tomato fruits from plants under stress, with PH not exerting significant metabolic changes in the fruits. These findings revealed the diminished effectiveness of PHs under severe drought conditions, suggesting that drought stress level needs to be taken into consideration for optimizing biostimulant efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Polyploidy Induction of Longshan <i>Lilium lancifolium</i> from Regenerated Shoots and Morphological and Molecular Characterization.","authors":"Yu-Qin Tang, Hong Zhang, Qin Qian, Shi-Yuan Cheng, Xiu-Xian Lu, Xiao-Yu Liu, Guo-Qiang Han, Yong-Yao Fu","doi":"10.3390/plants14131987","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14131987","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Longshan <i>Lilium lancifolium</i> is a well-known medicinal and edible lily and has been registered as a geographical indicator in China. Polyploidization confers many advantages in lily production; however, characteristics of Longshan <i>L. lancifolium</i> improved by polyploidization have not been reported. Here, polyploidization was induced in regenerated Longshan <i>L. lancifolium</i> shoots using colchicine, and the mutant plantlets were characterized by morphological observation, flow cytometry, and inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) marker technology. The optimal medium for inducing shoot regeneration was Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 0.2 mg/L of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 0.4 mg/L of thidiazuron (TDZ). The greatest mutation induction effect was obtained after soaking the regenerated shoots in 0.10% colchicine for 48 h, for an 80.00% frequency of morphological variants. Forty-one mutant plantlets were subjected to flow cytometry, identifying one homozygous polyploid, 'JD-12', and one chimeric polyploid, 'JD-37'. Additionally, 68 chromosomes were found in the 'JD-12' root tip cells. Compared with the control, both the tissue-cultured and field-generated 'JD-12' plantlets presented a slight decrease in plant height, a darker green leaf color, a rougher leaf surface, and a larger bulblet diameter; furthermore, the upper epidermal and guard cells of 'JD-12' were much larger with a significantly lower stomatal density. The ISSR marker detection indicated a genetic variation rate of 6.10% in 'JD-12'. These results provide a basis for lily polyploidization breeding and the cultivation of superior Longshan <i>L. lancifolium</i> via shoot regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251911/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of Efficient Somatic Embryo Maturation System of <i>Pinus elliottii</i>.","authors":"Lin Xu, Zhaolei Deng, Shan Hu, Qian Liu, Qifu Luan, Chunxia Yang","doi":"10.3390/plants14131985","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14131985","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Pinus elliottii</i>, a key economic conifer in southern China, requires efficient propagation methods to meet demand for elite germplasm in resin and timber production. While somatic embryogenesis-based plant regeneration has been successfully achieved in <i>Pinus elliottii</i>, large-scale production remains challenging. Our results demonstrate that the genotype of <i>Pinus elliottii</i> significantly influences the induction rate of embryogenic callus. During somatic embryo maturation, the liquid-solid induction method increased the number of mature embryos by 25.85 times. Maturation efficiency was further enhanced by a 3-week pretreatment followed by the application of 9 mg/L ABA, 0.5 mg/L PSK, and 6 mg/L COS. Additionally, the incorporation of activated carbon significantly promoted both the maturation and germination of somatic embryos. In the somatic embryo maturation stage, 1 g/L activated carbon induced 288.67 mature embryos per gram of embryogenic callus, resulting in a total of 1452 embryos. During germination, the application of 4 g/L activated carbon achieved a germination rate of 63%, and the survival rate of somatic embryo-derived seedlings reached 85%. This study not only identifies the optimal conditions for somatic embryogenesis in <i>Pinus elliottii</i> but also establishes an efficient protocol for somatic embryo maturation induction, providing a crucial scientific foundation for the rapid propagation and seedling production of <i>Pinus elliottii</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UAV-Based Yield Prediction Based on LAI Estimation in Winter Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Under Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Types and Rates.","authors":"Jinjin Guo, Xiangtong Zeng, Qichang Ma, Yong Yuan, Nv Zhang, Zhizhao Lin, Pengzhou Yin, Hanran Yang, Xiaogang Liu, Fucang Zhang","doi":"10.3390/plants14131986","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14131986","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The rapid and accurate prediction of crop yield and the construction of optimal yield prediction models are important for guiding field-scale agronomic management practices in precision agriculture. This study selected the leaf area index (LAI) of winter wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) at four different stages, and collected canopy spectral information and extracted vegetation indexes through unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) multi-spectral sensors to establish the yield prediction model under the condition of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and proposed optimal fertilization strategies for sustainable yield increase in wheat. The prediction results were evaluated using random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM) and back propagation neural network (BPNN) methods to select the optimal spectral index and establish yield prediction models. The results showed that LAI has a significantly positive correlation with yield across four growth stages of winter wheat, and the correlation coefficient at the anthesis stage reached 0.96 in 2018-2019 and 0.83 in 2019-2020. Therefore, yield prediction for winter wheat could be achieved through a remote sensing estimation of LAI at the anthesis stage. Six vegetation indexes calculated from UAV-derived reflectance data were modeled against LAI, demonstrating that the red-edge vegetation index (CI_{red edge}) achieved superior accuracy in estimating LAI for winter wheat yield prediction. RF, SVM and BPNN models were used to evaluate the accuracy and precision of CI_{red edge} in predicting yield, respectively. It was found that RF outperformed both SVM and BPNN in predicting yield accuracy. The CI_{red edge} of the anthesis stage was the best vegetation index and stage for estimating yield of winter wheat based on UAV remote sensing. Under different N application rates, both predicted and measured yields exhibited a consistent trend that followed the order of SRF (slow-release N fertilizer) > SRFU1 (mixed TU and SRF at a ratio of 2:8) > SRFU2 (mixed TU and SRF at a ratio of 3:7) > TU (traditional urea). The optimum N fertilizer rate and N fertilizer type for winter wheat in this study were 220 kg ha^-1 and SRF, respectively. The results of this study will provide significant technical support for regional crop growth monitoring and yield prediction.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12252415/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fine Mapping of QTLs/QTNs and Mining of Genes Associated with Race 7 of the Soybean <i>Cercospora sojina</i> by Combining Linkages and GWAS.","authors":"Yanzuo Liu, Bo Hu, Aitong Yu, Yuxi Liu, Pengfei Xu, Yang Wang, Junjie Ding, Shuzhen Zhang, Wen-Xia Li, Hailong Ning","doi":"10.3390/plants14131988","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14131988","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Soybean frogeye leaf spot (FLS) disease has been reported globally and is caused by the fungus <i>Cercospora sojina</i>, which affects the growth, seed yield, and quality of soybean. Among the 15 physiological microspecies of <i>C. sojina</i> soybean in China, Race 7 is one of the main pathogenic microspecies. A few genes are involved in resistance to FLS, and they cannot meet the need to design molecular breeding methods for disease resistance. In this study, a soybean recombinant inbred line (RIL3613) population and a germplasm resource (GP) population were planted at two sites, Acheng (AC) and Xiangyang (XY). Phenotypic data on the percentage of leaf area diseased (PLAD) in soybean leaves were obtained via image recognition technology after the inoculation of seven physiological species and full onset at the R3 stage. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) were mapped via linkage analysis and genome-wide association studies (GWASs), respectively. The resistance genes of FLS were subsequently predicted in the linkage disequilibrium region of the collocated QTN. We identified 114 QTLs and 18 QTNs in the RIL3613 and GP populations, respectively. A total of 14 QTN loci were colocalized in the two populations, six of which presented high phenotypic contributions. Through haplotype-phenotype association analysis and expression quantification, three genes (Glyma.06G300100, Glyma.06G300600, and Glyma.13G172300) located near molecular markers AX-90524088 and AX-90437152 (QTNs) are associated with FLS Chinese Race 7, identifying them as potential candidate resistance genes. These results provide a theoretical basis for the genetic mining of soybean antigray spot No. 7 physiological species. These findings also provide a theoretical basis for understanding the genetic mechanism underlying FLS resistance in soybeans.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251640/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorizing Brazilian Propolis Residue: Comprehensive Characterization for Sustainable Reutilization Strategies.","authors":"Agnese Santanatoglia, Laura Acquaticci, Maria Cristina Marcucci, Filippo Maggi, Carlos Rocha Oliveira, Giovanni Caprioli","doi":"10.3390/plants14131989","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14131989","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study presents the first comprehensive characterization of Brazilian propolis residue, revealing its rich content of bioactive compounds, essential nutrients, and volatile substances, showcasing its potential for sustainable utilization. The term \"residue\" refers to the solid by-product remaining after ethanolic extraction of raw propolis, which is typically discarded, despite retaining significant nutritional value. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis identified significant concentrations of <i>p</i>-coumaric acid (637.80 mg/kg), chlorogenic acid (497.93 mg/kg), kaempferol (295.82 mg/kg), and caffeic acid (115.11 mg/kg); while HPLC-DAD revealed also artepillin-C (56.56 mg/kg), illustrating strong antioxidant properties. Nutritional analyses showed high moisture content (37.08%), protein (12.56%) and dietary fiber (24.2%). Additionally, the mineral profile highlighted potassium (9800 mg/kg), phosphorus (2520 mg/kg), and calcium (2100 mg/kg). Volatile compounds analysis via HS-SPME-GC-MS identified a diverse class of components, predominantly terpenoids such as α-pinene (20.09%) and caryophyllene (9.76%), suggesting potential applications in fragrance and flavor industries. The multifunctional nature of propolis residue aligns with circular economy principles and highlights its value as a resource for diverse applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12252441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"YOLOv10-LGDA: An Improved Algorithm for Defect Detection in Citrus Fruits Across Diverse Backgrounds.","authors":"Lun Wang, Rong Ye, Youqing Chen, Tong Li","doi":"10.3390/plants14131990","DOIUrl":"10.3390/plants14131990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Citrus diseases can lead to surface defects on citrus fruits, adversely affecting their quality. This study aims to accurately identify citrus defects against varying backgrounds by focusing on four types of diseases: citrus black spot, citrus canker, citrus greening, and citrus melanose. We propose an improved YOLOv10-based disease detection method that replaces the traditional convolutional layers in the Backbone network with LDConv to enhance feature extraction capabilities. Additionally, we introduce the GFPN module to strengthen multi-scale information interaction through cross-scale feature fusion, thereby improving detection accuracy for small-target diseases. The incorporation of the DAT mechanism is designed to achieve higher efficiency and accuracy in handling complex visual tasks. Furthermore, we integrate the AFPN module to enhance the model's detection capability for targets of varying scales. Lastly, we employ the Slide Loss function to adaptively adjust sample weights, focusing on hard-to-detect samples such as blurred features and subtle lesions in citrus disease images, effectively alleviating issues related to sample imbalance. The experimental results indicate that the enhanced model YOLOv10-LGDA achieves impressive performance metrics in citrus disease detection, with accuracy, recall, mAP@50, and mAP@50:95 rates of 98.7%, 95.9%, 97.7%, and 94%, respectively. These results represent improvements of 4.2%, 3.8%, 4.5%, and 2.4% compared to the original YOLOv10 model. Furthermore, when compared to various other object detection algorithms, YOLOv10-LGDA demonstrates superior recognition accuracy, facilitating precise identification of citrus diseases. This advancement provides substantial technical support for enhancing the quality of citrus fruit and ensuring the sustainable development of the industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12251909/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144621481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}