Plants-Basel最新文献

The Alkaloid Gelsemine Reduces Aβ Peptide Toxicity by Targeting Transglutaminase Type 2 Enzyme. 生物碱明胶通过靶向转谷氨酰胺酶2型酶降低Aβ肽毒性。

IF 4 2区生物学

Plants-Basel Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.3390/plants14101556

Jessica Panes-Fernández, Ana M Marileo, Nicole Espinoza-Rubilar, Macarena E Meza, Bernardita A Salgado-Martínez, Krishna Gaete-Riquelme, Gustavo Moraga-Cid, Patricio A Castro, Carlos F Burgos, Jorge Fuentealba, Gonzalo E Yévenes

{"title":"The Alkaloid Gelsemine Reduces Aβ Peptide Toxicity by Targeting Transglutaminase Type 2 Enzyme.","authors":"Jessica Panes-Fernández, Ana M Marileo, Nicole Espinoza-Rubilar, Macarena E Meza, Bernardita A Salgado-Martínez, Krishna Gaete-Riquelme, Gustavo Moraga-Cid, Patricio A Castro, Carlos F Burgos, Jorge Fuentealba, Gonzalo E Yévenes","doi":"10.3390/plants14101556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14101556","url":null,"abstract":"Gelsemine, a naturally occurring indole alkaloid derived from plants of the Gelsemium species of the Gelsemiaceae family, has been extensively investigated for its neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Recent studies have demonstrated that gelsemine exerts neuroprotective effects against beta-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers, a key neurotoxic peptide implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, despite these beneficial effects, the precise molecular targets underlying gelsemine's neuroprotective actions in AD remain unidentified. Here, we employed a combination of bioinformatic, biochemical, and functional assays in neuronal models to investigate the mechanism of gelsemine's action in AD cellular models. Our findings indicate that gelsemine inhibits the activity of transglutaminase 2 (TG2), an enzyme involved in protein cross-linking with emerging roles in Aβ aggregation and neurotoxicity. Molecular modeling and biochemical analyses reveal that gelsemine interacts with the TG2 catalytic site, leading to its inhibition. Furthermore, gelsemine modulates the TG2-mediated Aβ aggregation process, thereby attenuating Aβ-induced neurotoxicity and preserving neuronal function. These findings establish TG2 as a previously unrecognized molecular target of gelsemine and underscore the potential of Gelsemium-derived alkaloids as neuroprotective agents. The modulation of TG2 activity by natural alkaloids may provide a novel therapeutic approach for mitigating Aβ toxicity and preserving neuronal function in AD.","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Managing Arsenic Pollution from Soil-Plant Systems: Insights into the Role of Biochar. 管理来自土壤-植物系统的砷污染：洞察生物炭的作用。

IF 4 2区生物学

Plants-Basel Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.3390/plants14101553

Qitao Su, Zhixuan Du, Xinyi Huang, Muhammad Umair Hassan, Faizah Amer Altihani

{"title":"Managing Arsenic Pollution from Soil-Plant Systems: Insights into the Role of Biochar.","authors":"Qitao Su, Zhixuan Du, Xinyi Huang, Muhammad Umair Hassan, Faizah Amer Altihani","doi":"10.3390/plants14101553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14101553","url":null,"abstract":"Soil contamination with arsenic (As) is becoming a serious concern for living organisms. Arsenic is a nonessential metalloid for plants, humans, and other living organisms. Biochar (BC) is a very effective amendment to remediate polluted soils and it received great attention owing to its appreciable results. Arsenic toxicity negatively affects plant morph-physiological and biochemical functioning and upsurges the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which negatively affect cellular structures. Arsenic toxicity also reduces seed germination and impedes plant growth by decreasing nutrient uptake, causing oxidative damage and disrupting the photosynthetic efficiency. Plants use different strategies like antioxidant defense and increased osmolyte synthesis to counteract As toxicity; nevertheless, this is not enough to counter the toxic impacts of As. Thus, applying BC has shown tremendous potential to counteract the As toxicity. Biochar application to As-polluted soils improves water uptake, maintains membrane stability and nutrient homeostasis, and increases osmolyte synthesis, gene expression, and antioxidant activities, leading to better plant performance. Additionally, BC modulates soil pH, increases nutrient availability, causes As immobilization, decreases its uptake and accumulation in plant tissues, and ensures safer production. The present review describes the sources, toxic impacts of As, and ways to lower As in the environment to decrease its toxic impacts on humans, the ecosystem, and the food chain. It concentrates on different mechanisms mediated by BC to alleviate As toxicity and remediate As-polluted soils and different research gaps that must be fulfilled in the future. Therefore, the current review will help to develop innovative strategies to minimize As uptake and accumulation and remediate As-polluted soils to reduce their impacts on humans and the environment.","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Somatic Embryogenesis and Genetic Transformation of Caragana intermedia. 锦鸡儿中间体的体细胞胚胎发生和遗传转化。

IF 4 2区生物学

Plants-Basel Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.3390/plants14101545

Ju Tian, Jialei Zhu, Xiaohan Deng, Xu Zhu, Ruigang Wang, Guojing Li

{"title":"Somatic Embryogenesis and Genetic Transformation of Caragana intermedia.","authors":"Ju Tian, Jialei Zhu, Xiaohan Deng, Xu Zhu, Ruigang Wang, Guojing Li","doi":"10.3390/plants14101545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14101545","url":null,"abstract":"Caragana intermedia is a perennial shrub species in the genus Caragana (Fabaceae), demonstrating remarkable stress resistance and adaptability. However, research on its somatic embryogenesis (SE) and genetic transformation techniques remains limited. In this study, we established an SE system by utilizing immature cotyledons isolated from young C. intermedia seeds. Our findings demonstrated that the immature cotyledons at 6-7 weeks after flowering (WAF) were the best explants for SE. The optimal embryo induction medium consisted of an MS basal medium supplemented with 5 mg/L α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 3 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (6-BA), 30 g/L sucrose, 7 g/L agar, and 500 mg/L hydrolyzed casein. Cotyledon-stage embryos germinated on a half-strength MS medium, exhibiting a 34.36% germination rate. Based on the SE system, we developed a preliminary genetic transformation system using the RUBY reporter gene, which successfully generated transgenic calli and cotyledon-stage embryos. The establishment of the SE system is expected to shorten breeding cycles, facilitate propagation of superior cultivars, and support large-scale industrial applications in C. intermedia. Furthermore, the stable transformation system provides a platform for molecular breeding and gene function verification.","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Drought-Induced Zinc Finger Transcription Factor OsDi19-3 Positively Regulates Drought Stress Acclimatization in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). 干旱诱导锌指转录因子OsDi19-3正调控水稻干旱胁迫适应

IF 4 2区生物学

Plants-Basel Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.3390/plants14101560

Yanjie Li, Tianjiao Mu, Tianying Ren, Pan Li

{"title":"Drought-Induced Zinc Finger Transcription Factor OsDi19-3 Positively Regulates Drought Stress Acclimatization in Rice (Oryza sativa L.).","authors":"Yanjie Li, Tianjiao Mu, Tianying Ren, Pan Li","doi":"10.3390/plants14101560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14101560","url":null,"abstract":"The plant Di19 (drought-induced 19) protein belongs to zinc finger transcription factors, which play crucial roles in drought stress acclimatization. OsDi19-3, a drought-induced transcription factor in rice, has not been fully characterized for its biological role in stress acclimatization. In this study, transgenic rice overexpressing OsDi19-3 was generated. Water deprivation experiments showed that transgenic plants exhibited higher drought tolerance than wild-type (WT) plants, indicating that OsDi19-3 positively regulates drought stress acclimatization. Consistent with this, stomata in overexpression lines closed more significantly than those in WT under drought stress. To explore the molecular mechanism, yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) experiments identified two interacting proteins of OsDi19-3: OsCAMK1 and OsNEK6. Notably, these two proteins also interacted with each other. A transcriptome analysis of OsDi19-3 transgenic plants revealed 224 upregulated and 167 downregulated genes (log2(OE/WT) > 1, p-value < 0.05), including multiple stress-responsive genes. Furthermore, a ChIP-PCR analysis confirmed that OsDi19-3 directly binds to three target genes. This study provides insights into the role of OsDi19-3 in drought acclimatization and its regulatory network in rice.","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Phylogenetic Analysis of Rhododendron Species in Zhejiang Province, China, Using ddRAD-Seq Technology. 基于ddRAD-Seq技术的浙江杜鹃花物种单核苷酸多态性研究与系统发育分析

IF 4 2区生物学

Plants-Basel Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.3390/plants14101548

Hong Zhu, Dongbin Li, Chunlei Yue, Hepeng Li

{"title":"Development of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism and Phylogenetic Analysis of Rhododendron Species in Zhejiang Province, China, Using ddRAD-Seq Technology.","authors":"Hong Zhu, Dongbin Li, Chunlei Yue, Hepeng Li","doi":"10.3390/plants14101548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14101548","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Rhododendron presents significant challenges for systematic classification due to extensive hybridization and adaptive radiation. Here, we employed double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-seq) to resolve phylogenetic relationships among nine ecologically significant Rhododendron species (34 accessions) endemic to Zhejiang Province, China, a biodiversity hotspot for this genus. Using R. simsii as the reference genome, we generated 39.40 Gb of high-quality sequencing data with a Q30 score of 96.65% and a GC content of 39.63%, achieving an average alignment rate of 92.79%. Through stringent filtering (QD ≥ 2, MQ ≥ 40), we identified 14,048,702 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), predominantly characterized by the mutation types T:A>C:G and C:G>T:A. The widespread R. simsii and R. simsii var. putuoense exhibited significant genetic diversity, whereas the low-altitude widespread R. molle and the endemic R. simiarum exhibited lower genetic diversity. Moderate genetic differentiation (Fst = 0.097) was observed between R. simsii and R. simsii var. putuoense, while substantial genetic differentiation was detected among the other Rhododendron species. Principal component analysis (PCA), combined with phylogenomic reconstruction, demonstrated that the Rhododendron genus can be stratified into six well-supported genetic clades. Furthermore, this study provides the first genomic validation of the sibling relationship between R. simsii and its variety, R. simsii var. putuoense, and clarifies the systematic position of R. huadingense, suggesting that it should be classified as a new subgenus. This study establishes ddRAD-seq as a cost-effective tool, providing both a theoretical framework for SNP-based phylogenetics and critical insights for conserving China's azalea biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Participation of Wild Species Genus Avena L. (Poaceae) of Different Ploidy in the Origin of Cultivated Species According to Data on Intragenomic Polymorphism of the ITS1-5.8S rRNA Region. 基于ITS1-5.8S rRNA区域基因组内多态性数据的不同倍性野生种Avena L. （Poaceae）在栽培种起源中的参与

IF 4 2区生物学

Plants-Basel Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.3390/plants14101550

Alexander A Gnutikov, Nikolai N Nosov, Igor G Loskutov, Alexander V Rodionov, Victoria S Shneyer

{"title":"Participation of Wild Species Genus Avena L. (Poaceae) of Different Ploidy in the Origin of Cultivated Species According to Data on Intragenomic Polymorphism of the ITS1-5.8S rRNA Region.","authors":"Alexander A Gnutikov, Nikolai N Nosov, Igor G Loskutov, Alexander V Rodionov, Victoria S Shneyer","doi":"10.3390/plants14101550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14101550","url":null,"abstract":"The possible origin of four cultivated species of the genus Avena of different ploidy and different subgenome composition (A. strigosa, A. abyssinica, A. byzantina, and A. sativa) from possible wild species was investigated. The region of the internal transcribed spacer ITS1 and the 5.8S rRNA gene in the cultivated species was studied with next-generation sequencing (NGS), and the patterns of occurrence and distribution of the ribotypes were compared among them and with those of the wild species. According to these data diploid, A. strigosa is more closely related to the diploid A. hirtula than to polyploid oats, and it could have evolved independently of polyploid cultivated species. The tetraploid Avena abyssinica could be a cultivated derivative of A. vaviloviana. Two hexaploid cultivated species, A. byzantina and A. sativa, could have a different origin; A. sativa could be the cultivated form of A. fatua, whereas A. byzantina could originate independently. It was found that the oat species with the A and C subgenomes, even with strong morphological and karyological differences, could intercross and pass the further stages of introgression producing a new stable combination of genomes. Our data show that almost all species of Avena could form an introgressive interspecies complex.","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Vegetation Degradation on Soil Nitrogen Components and N-Cycling Enzyme Activities in a Wet Meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. 青藏高原湿草甸植被退化对土壤氮组分及氮循环酶活性的影响

IF 4 2区生物学

Plants-Basel Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.3390/plants14101549

Wanpeng He, Weiwei Ma, Jianan Du, Wenhua Chang, Guang Li

{"title":"Effect of Vegetation Degradation on Soil Nitrogen Components and N-Cycling Enzyme Activities in a Wet Meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.","authors":"Wanpeng He, Weiwei Ma, Jianan Du, Wenhua Chang, Guang Li","doi":"10.3390/plants14101549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14101549","url":null,"abstract":"The responses of soil nitrogen component dynamics and enzyme activities to vegetation degradation in wet meadows ecosystems remain unclear. This study employed a combination of field surveys and laboratory experiments to investigate soil nitrogen components and nitrogen cycling enzyme activities under different intensities of vegetation degradation and during the vegetation growth season in a wet meadow on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The aim was to explore the responses of soil nitrogen components and nitrogen cycling enzyme activities to vegetation degradation and their interrelationships. The results showed that vegetation degradation significantly reduced TN, NH4+-N, MBN, PRO, and NiR, and increased NO3--N, URE, and NR. Soil nitrogen components and enzyme activities exhibited seasonal fluctuations across different degradation levels during the growing season. The Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between temperature, moisture, nitrogen fractions, and nitrogen cycle-related enzyme activities, as well as between the nitrogen fractions and the enzyme activities themselves. Partial Least Squares Path Modeling (PLS-PM) elucidated the relationships between soil properties and nitrogen components under different degradation levels, explaining 78% of the variance in nitrogen components. Degradation level, growth season, and soil physical properties had indirect associations with nitrogen components, whereas soil enzyme activities exerted a direct positive influence on nitrogen components. Our research revealed the universal impact mechanism of environmental factors, soil characteristics, and vegetation degradation on nitrogen cycling in a wet meadow, thereby making a significant contribution to the restoration and maintenance of functional integrity in alpine wetland ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficient Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) Method for Discovery of Resistance Genes in Soybean. 高效病毒诱导基因沉默（VIGS）方法发现大豆抗性基因。

IF 4 2区生物学

Plants-Basel Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.3390/plants14101547

Kelin Deng, Zihua Lu, Hongli Yang, Shuilian Chen, Chao Li, Dong Cao, Hongwei Wang, Qingnan Hao, Haifeng Chen, Zhihui Shan

{"title":"Efficient Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) Method for Discovery of Resistance Genes in Soybean.","authors":"Kelin Deng, Zihua Lu, Hongli Yang, Shuilian Chen, Chao Li, Dong Cao, Hongwei Wang, Qingnan Hao, Haifeng Chen, Zhihui Shan","doi":"10.3390/plants14101547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14101547","url":null,"abstract":"Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a vital grain and oil crop, serving as a primary source of edible oil, plant-based protein, and livestock feed. Its production is crucial for ensuring global food security. However, soybean yields are severely impacted by various diseases, and the development of disease-resistant cultivars remains the most sustainable strategy for mitigating these losses. While stable genetic transformation is a common approach for studying gene function, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) offers a rapid and powerful alternative for functional genomics, enabling efficient screening of candidate genes. Nevertheless, the application of VIGS in soybean has been relatively limited. In this study, we established a tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based VIGS system for soybean, utilizing Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated infection. The TRV vector was delivered through cotyledon nodes, facilitating systemic spread and effective silencing of endogenous genes. Our results demonstrate that this TRV-VIGS system efficiently silences target genes in soybean, inducing significant phenotypic changes with a silencing efficiency ranging from 65% to 95%. Key genes, including phytoene desaturase (GmPDS), the rust resistance gene GmRpp6907, and the defense-related gene GmRPT4, were successfully silenced, confirming the system's robustness. This work establishes a highly efficient TRV-VIGS platform for rapid gene function validation in soybean, providing a valuable tool for future genetic and disease resistance research.","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144162795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrated Analyses Reveal the Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Brassinolide in Modulating Salt Tolerance in Rice. 综合分析揭示油菜素内酯调节水稻耐盐性的生理和分子机制。

IF 4 2区生物学

Plants-Basel Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.3390/plants14101555

Jia-Shuang Wu, De-Wei Mu, Nai-Jie Feng, Dian-Feng Zheng, Zhi-Yuan Sun, Aaqil Khan, Hang Zhou, Yi-Wen Song, Jia-Xin Liu, Jia-Qi Luo

{"title":"Integrated Analyses Reveal the Physiological and Molecular Mechanisms of Brassinolide in Modulating Salt Tolerance in Rice.","authors":"Jia-Shuang Wu, De-Wei Mu, Nai-Jie Feng, Dian-Feng Zheng, Zhi-Yuan Sun, Aaqil Khan, Hang Zhou, Yi-Wen Song, Jia-Xin Liu, Jia-Qi Luo","doi":"10.3390/plants14101555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14101555","url":null,"abstract":"Salt stress poses a significant threat to crop growth. While brassinolide (BR) has been shown to alleviate its adverse effects and modulate plant development, the precise mechanism underlying BR-induced salt tolerance in rice remains unclear. In this study, the Chaoyouqianhao and Huanghuazhan rice varieties were employed to investigate the effects of BR seed soaking on the seedling phenotype, physiology, transcriptome, and metabolome under salt stress. The results demonstrated that BR treatment significantly enhanced rice plant height, root length, biomass, and antioxidant enzyme activities, while reducing leaf membrane damage, promoting ion homeostasis, and improving the photosynthetic capacity and salt tolerance. The transcriptome analysis revealed that BR regulated the expression of 1042 and 826 genes linked to antioxidant activity, ion homeostasis, photosynthesis, and lipid metabolism under salt stress. These included genes involved in Na+ efflux (OsNCED2, OsHKT2;1, and OsHKT1;1), photosynthetic electron transport (OsFd5 and OsFdC1), photosystem II (OsPsbR1, OsPsbR2, and OsPsbP), and CO2 fixation. The metabolomic analysis identified 91 and 57 metabolite alterations induced by BR, primarily linked to amino acid, flavonoid, and lipid metabolism, with notable increases in antioxidant metabolites such as lignanoside, isorhamnetin, and L-glutamic acid. The integrated analysis highlighted the pivotal roles of 12-OPDA in α-linolenic acid metabolism and genes related to lipid metabolism, JA metabolism, and JA signal transduction in BR-mediated salt tolerance.","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144163798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrating Genetic Diversity and Agronomic Innovations for Climate-Resilient Maize Systems. 整合遗传多样性和农艺创新促进气候适应型玉米系统。

IF 4 2区生物学

Plants-Basel Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.3390/plants14101552

Xin Li, Yunlong Li, Yan Sun, Sinan Li, Quan Cai, Shujun Li, Minghao Sun, Tao Yu, Xianglong Meng, Jianguo Zhang

{"title":"Integrating Genetic Diversity and Agronomic Innovations for Climate-Resilient Maize Systems.","authors":"Xin Li, Yunlong Li, Yan Sun, Sinan Li, Quan Cai, Shujun Li, Minghao Sun, Tao Yu, Xianglong Meng, Jianguo Zhang","doi":"10.3390/plants14101552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14101552","url":null,"abstract":"Maize is a vital staple crop significantly affected by climate change, necessitating urgent efforts to enhance its resilience. This review analyzes advanced methodologies for maize improvement, focusing on the identification of genetic determinants through QTL mapping, candidate gene mining, and GWAS. We highlight the transformative potential of CRISPR gene editing for identifying key regulators in maize development and the utility of virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) for functional genomics. Additionally, we discuss breeding strategies leveraging the genetic diversity of maize wild relatives and innovations such as speed breeding and genomic selection (GS), which accelerate breeding cycles. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) plays a critical role in developing superior maize varieties. The review also encompasses agronomic practices and technological innovations, including GS, aimed at climate mitigation. High-throughput phenotyping and omics-based approaches, including transcriptomics and metabolomics, are essential tools for developing climate-resilient maize. Climate changes have a significant impact on maize production and pose unprecedented challenges to its cultivation.","PeriodicalId":56267,"journal":{"name":"Plants-Basel","volume":"14 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144163849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0