{"title":"Two-Stage Coordinated Scheduling for Enhanced Economic Capability in User-Side Integrated Energy Systems","authors":"Can Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a distributionally robust coordinated scheduling framework for user-side integrated energy systems (IES), which incorporates power, thermal, and cooling energy interactions. The core innovation lies in a multi-timescale optimization model that synergistically links monthly-scale strategic planning with day-ahead operational dispatch under uncertainty. A vectorized energy balance formulation captures bidirectional multi-energy flows, while a multi-service energy storage system (ESS) is designed to support arbitrage, peak shaving, and spinning reserve provisioning. To address renewables and demand variability, a distributionally robust chance-constrained programming (DRCCP) model is introduced, accounting for forecast uncertainty via ambiguity sets, which are characterized by moment statistics. The optimization trackable convex is available through a Mahalanobis-norm-based risk bounds. Furthermore, the framework incorporates a degradation-aware ESS cost model based on SOC-dependent wear, which is approximated via a piecewise linear surrogate for integration into MILP solvers. The day-ahead layer dynamically adjusts generator and ESS decisions in response to real-time deviations, constrained by dual-reserve and DR flexibility requirements. To solve this high-dimensional, non-convex problem space efficiently, an enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed. This includes adaptive inertia weighting, chaotic learning dynamics, and elite-guided perturbation, significantly improving convergence and diversity in multimodal landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101956"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Restoring structural controllability of interdependent multi-layered heterogenous cyber-physical-social networks via optimal network reconfiguration","authors":"Zahra Azimi , Ahmad Afshar","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper addresses the critical challenge of restoring structural controllability in cyber-physical-social systems (CPSS) compromised by cyber-attacks. Unlike existing studies that focus on homogenous networks or neglect the role of interlayer couplings and intralayer topologies, this work introduces a novel approach to enhance cyber resilience in interdependent multi-layered heterogenous CPSS. We establish new necessary and sufficient conditions for achieving post-attack structural controllability and propose an optimal network reconfiguration algorithm that restores controllability with minimal intervention. This novel algorithm identifies the minimum set of edges required to reconfigure this network, ensuring structural controllability in a polynomial time. Our approach is validated through simulations on various CPSS, including IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 118-bus power networks, as well as scale-free, clustered scale-free, small-world, and random networks subjected to various attack strategies. Additionally, the approach is applied to real-world large-scale datasets, demonstrating its scalability and practical applicability. The results reveal that, among intralayer topologies, scale-free networks are highly vulnerable to structural uncontrollability. Furthermore, sparse interlayer coupling significantly reduces the resilience of the CPSS compared to mesh and peer-to-peer (P2P) coupling configurations. Notably, targeted attacks based on betweenness require about 53 % more edge additions to restore controllability compared to random attacks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101954"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145018429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bi-level economic dispatch jointly driven by bilateral carbon measurement and carbon-green certificate trading under low-carbon coordination","authors":"Jun Yang , Jie Qin , Han Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101955","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although existing studies have incentivized source-side emission reductions through carbon trading and other mechanisms, unilateral carbon metering frameworks have predominantly focused on the power generation sector, overlooking the critical role of the user side as an emission driver. Moreover, the carbon-green certificate trading (CET-GCT) mechanism has largely been studied in isolation, lacking systematic synergy. This paper proposes a bi-level economic dispatch model jointly driven by bilateral carbon measurement and carbon-green certificate trading. Firstly, a bilateral carbon measurement framework is developed, incorporating dynamic characteristics of carbon emissions at the unit level and carbon emission flow (CEF) theory to accurately measure emissions from both the supply and demand sides. Secondly, a stepped CET-GCT joint mechanism has been introduced to facilitate the integration of renewable energy. Thirdly, a bi-level economic dispatch model is constructed, where the upper level formulates unit dispatch plans to minimize system cost, tracks emissions, and calculates node carbon intensity using the CEF model. The lower level then coordinates demand response guided by load node carbon intensity to achieve synergistic optimization of economic efficiency and carbon reduction. Finally, simulation results on a power node architecture demonstrate that the proposed model significantly lowers carbon emissions and improves the system’s low-carbon economic efficiency. Specifically, the proposed model reduces the total system cost by 15.9 %, reduces the cost of renewable energy abandonment by 14.8 %, and reduces total carbon emissions by 5.5 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101955"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal integration of dynamic line rating and transmission expansion for sustainable grids: A mixed-integer linear programming approach with voltage stability constraints","authors":"Amir Bagheri , Saleh Mobayen","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth of electric demand and renewable integration has intensified transmission congestion, necessitating cost-effective grid expansion while ensuring operational security. This paper proposes a novel mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model to co-optimize dynamic line rating (DLR) system placement and transmission network expansion planning (TNEP) under voltage stability constraints. The convex MILP formulation, solved to global optimality using GUROBI in GAMS, simultaneously minimizes costs while enforcing stability via loading margin constraints in wind-rich systems. Case studies on the IEEE 24-bus network demonstrate a 7 % cost reduction versus conventional TNEP, achieved by leveraging DLR’s dynamic capacity to reduce line upgrades. The model’s computational efficiency and scalability make it practical for real-world high-renewable and sustainable grid planning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101932"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paulo Brito-Pereira , Kenneth Bruninx , Laurens de Vries , Paolo Mastropietro , Pablo Rodilla
{"title":"Future-proofed resource adequacy metrics: A model-based assessment of multi-metric vs. composite-metric reliability standards","authors":"Paulo Brito-Pereira , Kenneth Bruninx , Laurens de Vries , Paolo Mastropietro , Pablo Rodilla","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid decarbonisation of the power sector is challenging the traditional resource adequacy framework. Variable and energy-limited resources are driving the emergence of new correlations that, together with extreme weather events, are rapidly changing the expected scarcity conditions in the electricity system. Traditional resource adequacy metrics are showing their limitations under these new conditions, and many regulators have already started to reform them. This article presents the first model-based comparative analysis of two different approaches that have been proposed to overcome these limitations, i.e., multi-metric standards (imposing a set of different resource adequacy constraints) and composite-metric standards (combining different resource adequacy metrics through weighting factors to build a single reliability standard). These two approaches are quantitatively evaluated in this article through case studies obtained from a simulation model, focusing not only on the impact of the reliability standard on the resource mix, but also on the design of the reliability product to be traded in a capacity mechanism to guide the system towards that mix.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101957"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An efficient computational method for network analysis using clustering of electric vehicle charging pattern in parking","authors":"Khalil Gorgani Firouzjah, Jamal Ghasemi","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101945","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101945","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the increasing penetration of electric vehicles (EVs) in the transportation fleet, long-term network stability analyses have faced serious challenges due to the large amount of data and computational complexity. This issue is due to the need to examine many daily scenarios to understand the long-term impacts of vehicle charging on the network. This process is considered very time-consuming and impractical. In response to this need, this paper introduces a method for clustering long-term scenarios in EV charging planning, which aims to reduce the computational burden in network stability studies. The proposed approach includes the (main) steps of collecting EV data from parking lots (PLs), extracting probability density functions for key parameters such as entry/exit times and charging rates, and then generating synthetic data for many scenarios. In the next step, the EV data tables are converted into feature vectors and clustered using the K-means and Fuzzy C-means clustering algorithms. One of the key innovations of this research is the provision of a robust validation framework obtained by comparing the results of two clustering paths: the first path based on EV data tables (EVDT) and the second path based on daily load curves (DLC) generated by the charging scheduling algorithm. Simulation results performed on real data show that the proposed method can correctly identify four distinct behavioral patterns. This means that the best number of clusters is determined to be four. Furthermore, the results obtained from the two clustering paths, with more than 90 % similarity, confirm the reliability and efficiency of the method in extracting representative scenarios. The findings of the paper indicate that this method could significantly reduce the computational volume associated with long-term network studies while maintaining the accuracy and comprehensiveness of the analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101945"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lu Xuexuan , Yang Dejian , Qian Minhui , Jin Fenghe
{"title":"Hierarchical optimize scheduling strategy for orderly charging of electric vehicles based on PTM and CNN-Transformer-LightGBM model","authors":"Lu Xuexuan , Yang Dejian , Qian Minhui , Jin Fenghe","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101944","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101944","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the significant increase in the penetration rate of electric vehicles, uncoordinated charging of EV clusters can exacerbate peak-to-valley differences, resulting in a \"peak on peak\" phenomenon. This paper proposes a hierarchical optimize scheduling strategy for orderly charging based on the Probability Transition Matrix algorithm (PTM) using CNN-Transformer-LightGBM. Firstly, we establish electric vehicle load prediction models for CNN-Transformer-LightGBM separately, and use the inverse variance method to weight and combine the two models into a CNN-Transformer-LightGBM composite model; To optimize the continuous parameters within the model, TPM is used for hyperparameter optimization to achieve optimal charging control. Simulation results indicate that the proposed strategy effectively reduces the grid load's peak-to-valley difference by 43 % and decreases comprehensive grid load variance by 32 %.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101944"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144926182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fei Li , Yulai Duan , Jianhua Zhang , Hengdao Guo , Zhan Liu , Lu Wang
{"title":"Coordinated optimization strategy of low-carbon complementary energy system considering electric vehicles response","authors":"Fei Li , Yulai Duan , Jianhua Zhang , Hengdao Guo , Zhan Liu , Lu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrated Energy System (IES) serves as one of the core carriers for low-carbon transformation. However, it confronts three challenges: poor load management causing large demand fluctuations, inefficient multi-energy coordination limiting flexible resource utilization and uniform carbon pricing lacking mechanisms to differentially incentivize emission reductions across diverse stakeholders. To address these issues, this paper proposes a coordinated optimization strategy for multi-energy complementary IES that integrates electric vehicles (EVs) cluster response with a stepped reward-punishment carbon trading mechanism, aiming to achieve multi-objective collaborative optimization of \"economy, low-carbon and stability\". First, predictive average voting (PMV) metrics are used to obtain load demands that take into account user comfort feedback. This approach improves the flexibility of the integrated system. Then, an intelligent agent-based EVs cluster scheduling strategy is proposed. The purpose is to solve the problem of poor adjustability of power load and improve the stability of the system. Finally, a step-by-step reward and punishment carbon trading mechanism is established that takes into account the quota of EVs. This mechanism optimizes the carbon emission structure of each unit, reduces carbon emissions, and increases carbon trading income. The case study showed that the proposed strategy can effectively achieve peak clipping and valley filling, reduce IES carbon emissions and total operating costs, and prove its effectiveness in improving IES performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101953"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects of line dynamics on the stability margin to Hopf bifurcation in grid-forming inverters","authors":"Sushobhan Chatterjee, Sijia Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101947","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101947","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies oscillatory instability in grid-forming inverters through Hopf bifurcation analysis. An analytical expression for the parameter sensitivity of the stability margin is derived based on the normal vector to the bifurcation hypersurface. Through comprehensive analysis, we identify the most effective control parameters in counteracting the destabilizing effect due to parameter variations. In particular, the impacts of dynamic line modeling on the stability margin are investigated. It is observed that including line dynamics introduces a generally significant reduction in the stability margin across parameters. Additionally, dynamic line models introduce new bifurcations not present in the static model case. This suggests that adopting static line models may lead to overly optimistic stability assessment results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101947"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pricing mechanism for EV fast charging stations considering distributed energy resources","authors":"Shakti Vashisth , Praveen Kumar Agrawal , Nikhil Gupta , Vipin Chandra Pandey , K.R. Niazi , Anil Swarnkar","doi":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.segan.2025.101943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) requires large-scale deployment of fast charging stations (FCS). These FCS owners are usually private investors and focus on the growth of their businesses. This enforces FCS to design a suitable pricing mechanism to achieve their financial goals, build customer relationships, and maintain competitiveness in the market while considering distributed energy resources (DERs). Therefore, there is a need to develop a holistic approach to keep the interests of all stakeholders in mind while deciding the pricing for EV charging at FCS. Hence, this paper proposes pricing mechanisms, flat and dynamic pricing for EVs charging at FCS considering DERs against dynamic market prices. The proposed pricing mechanisms are designed to keep profit margin of FCS remains same relative to no DERs considering EVs users’ convenience, satisfaction and waiting time. Price-cum-convenience responsive models are proposed for price elasticity of demand and EV users’ satisfaction. The study reveals that both pricing mechanisms under DERs are equally promising as they produce more competitive price signals which are around 11 % lower, up to 61.81 % reduction in grid energy demand during overload periods, and up to 6 % increment in mean satisfaction of EV users while keeping the profit margin intact for FCS owners.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56142,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy Grids & Networks","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 101943"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}