Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection最新文献

{"title":"Longitudinal surveillance of molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in Thailand.","authors":"Kamonwan Taesoongnern, Made Rai Dwitya Wiradiputra, Krit Thirapanmethee, Mingkwan Yingkajorn, Piroon Mootsikapun, Preecha Montakantikul, Paphatchaya Sookjumrus, Piyatip Khuntayaporn, Mullika Traidej Chomnawang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2026.07.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2026.07.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) is a major cause of healthcare-associated infections, especially in intensive care units. Its rapid acquisition of antimicrobial resistance necessitates molecular epidemiology to inform infection control measures and treatment strategies. This study evaluated antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and the prevalence of resistance genes among clinical CRAB isolates in Thailand, complemented by MLST-based population structure analysis incorporating a temporal dimension of clonal distribution compared with previous reports.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study analyzed 316 clinical A. baumannii isolates from five regions across Thailand (2022-2023). Species confirmation was performed by PCR targeting bla_OXA-51-like. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing against thirteen antibiotics followed CLSI 2024 guidelines. Resistance genes were identified by PCR, and MLST with PHYLOViZ goeBURST characterized population structure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All isolates demonstrated carbapenem resistance, with the majority exhibiting extensively drug-resistant (XDR) phenotypes. Isolates showed resistance to β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, while remaining susceptible to minocycline. MLST revealed ST2 as the predominant clone (78.8%), followed by ST164 (8.9%) and ST16 (6.0%). Class A β-lactamase bla_VEB was highly detected (95.3%), followed by Class D β-lactamase bla_OXA-23-like (93.7%). Temporal distribution of clonal lineages revealed persistence of major STs without clonal shifts, with ST2, ST164, and ST25 remaining dominant across sampling periods. ST164 (IC11) notably exhibited high resistance gene carriage capacity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results reinforce the predominance and persistence of ST2 (IC2) in the CRAB population circulating in Thailand and geographic dissemination of high-risk clones across different regions. This highlights the importance of continuous molecular surveillance to guide infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148671336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic activity of mitomycin C in combination with ciprofloxacin against severe Vibrio vulnificus infection.","authors":"Cheng-Fa Yeh, Chi-Chung Chen, Chih-Cheng Lai, Ping-Yu Hsu, Jin-Wei Liu, Hung-Jen Tang, Wen-Pin Su","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2026.07.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2026.07.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vibrio vulnificus is a highly virulent pathogen associated with rapidly progressive sepsis and necrotising soft-tissue infection, particularly among patients with diabetes or chronic liver disease. Effective treatment options remain limited, especially in the setting of high bacterial burden or immunocompromis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed an integrated preclinical assessment of mitomycin C (MMC) alone and in combination with ciprofloxacin (CIP) using in vitro susceptibility testing and a neutropenic murine model challenged with increasing inocula of V. vulnificus. Myelotoxicity, organ-specific toxicity, and the development of resistance under subinhibitory MMC exposure were evaluated through haematological profiling and histopathology.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MMC demonstrated potent in vitro activity and conferred complete protection in mice challenged with low bacterial inocula (10³-10⁴ colony-forming units (CFU)/mL). Although efficacy declined with increasing bacterial burden, combination therapy with MMC and ciprofloxacin significantly improved survival across all inoculum levels, achieving complete protection at concentrations up to 1.4 ⨯ 10⁷ CFU/mL and partial protection at 4.3 ⨯ 10⁷ CFU/mL. The combination regimen was not associated with dose-dependent myelosuppression, and no hepatotoxicity or nephrotoxicity was observed. Exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of MMC did not result in increased minimum inhibitory concentrations over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MMC-CIP combination therapy demonstrated synergistic efficacy against severe V. vulnificus infection in a neutropenic mouse model and may represent a promising therapeutic option. Dose-limiting myelotoxicity and the potential for resistance necessitate cautious dosing and further clinical investigation. This study addresses a critical therapeutic gap in severe V. vulnificus infection by proposing a mechanistically rational, dose-optimized adjunctive strategy supported by robust preclinical evidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148610272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher circulating neutrophil apoptosis in non-survivors with sepsis.","authors":"Chien-Min Chu, Chih-Yu Huang, Chung-Chieh Yu, Li-Fu Li, Huang-Pin Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2026.07.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2026.07.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unusual cell death in immune cells contributes to immunosuppression in sepsis. Neutrophils play a crucial role in fighting pathogens. However, the roles of apoptosis, pyroptosis, and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation (NETosis) in neutrophils during sepsis remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients admitted to the intensive care unit with sepsis were enrolled between August 2021 and July 2024. Apoptosis, pyroptosis, and NETosis in circulating neutrophils were measured on days 1 and 8. Finally, data from 43 patients were used for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>On day 8, the count and percentage of neutrophils dying primarily through apoptosis were significantly higher in non-survivors compared to survivors (9.7 vs. 2.0/μL; 7.2 vs. 3.4%, respectively). General Linear Model revealed significant differences in both the percentage (p = 0.035) and count (p = 0.008) of apoptosis-predominant neutrophil death on days 1 and 8 between survivors and non-survivors. The percentage and count of apoptosis-predominant neutrophils on day 8 were positively correlated with the APACHE II score on day 8 with correlation coefficients of 0.560 (p < 0.001) and 0.513 (p = 0.002), respectively. SOFA score was weakly positively correlated with the count of apoptosis-predominant neutrophils on days 1 and 8 with correlation coefficients of 0.347 (p = 0.023) and 0.375 (p = 0.029), respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that increased neutrophil death via apoptosis is associated with higher mortality rates in sepsis patients. Neutrophil apoptosis levels correlated with disease severity scores. Larger-scale studies are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148474416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subdural empyema caused by Laribacter Hongkongensis - First case report and brief literature review.","authors":"Ting-Yun Lin, Yu-Ming Chiu, Wei-Yao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2026.07.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2026.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148457871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recurrent coccidioidal tenosynovitis of both wrists presenting solitary soft-tissue tumors in Taiwan.","authors":"Te-Wei Yang, Yu-Wei Hsu, Shyh-Jou Shieh, Pei-Fang Tsai, Wen-Chien Ko, Nan-Yao Lee, Po-Lin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2026.07.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2026.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148400070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning-assisted risk assessment for fluoroquinolone treatment in Chryseobacterium indologenes bacteremia: A comparative study of model performance and clinical calibration.","authors":"Ruei-Chang Huang, Peng-Ciao Chen, Ying-Chuan Wang, Li-Ying Chen, Hung-Sheng Shang, Chun-Hsiang Chiu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2026.07.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2026.07.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chryseobacterium indologenes bacteremia poses significant therapeutic challenges due to intrinsic multidrug resistance and the absence of established Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute breakpoints for fluoroquinolones. We aimed to develop machine learning models to predict mortality and guide fluoroquinolone treatment decisions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective study of 61 patients, we compared Logistic Regression, Conservative Random Forest, and two Calibrated Random Forest variants (Sigmoid/Isotonic) using Borderline Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique and conservative parameter settings to address small-sample limitations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Mortality was 21.3%, with shock identified as the strongest predictor (p < 0.001). Conservative Random Forest achieved the highest area under the curve (0.908) and good calibration stability. Notably, complex calibration methods yielded unstable probability curves, revealing a \"calibration paradox\" in small-sample settings. A risk stratification system based on optimal models successfully identified low-risk patients suitable for fluoroquinolone therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>For rare infections with limited data, robust, conservative RF demonstrated a trend of stable calibration characteristics. This study provides an objective clinical decision support tool for Chryseobacterium indologenes treatment when standard susceptibility interpretation is unavailable.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148400108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"mNGS-assisted diagnosis in diagnosing endophthalmitis caused by Helicobacter cinaedi in a patient with concomitant HIV infection.","authors":"Yun Wu, Menglan Zhou, Li Zhang, Taiyi Jiang, Yingchun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2026.07.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2026.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148983813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foreign body infection following Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection: Host risk factors and bacterial genetic characteristics.","authors":"Lea Devoos, Houssein Gbaguidi-Haore, Adeline Gagnon, Benoit Valot, Catherine Chirouze, Kevin Bouiller, Xavier Bertrand","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2026.06.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2026.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The occurrence of foreign body (FB) infections in patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB) can lead to serious complications. We therefore sought to evaluate the host risk factors and bacterial determinants associated with FB infection following SAB.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively included patients hospitalized with a SAB and carrying FB, over a four-year period. Factors associated with FB infection were assessed with multivariable logistic regression analysis. Bacterial determinants (lineage and virulence factors) were determined using whole genome sequencing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 104 patients of whom 40 patients (38.5%) with FB infection. Factors associated with FB infection were community-acquired SAB (OR = 3.8; 95% confidence interval, CI [1.36-10.59]; p = 0.011), Charlson's score >3 (OR = 0.39; 95% CI [0.16.-0.99]; p = 0.048 and unknown source of infection (OR = 3.54; 95% CI [1.34-9.33]; p = 0.011). No clonal complex or virulence gene was associated with a risk of FB infection in patients with SAB.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FB infection is frequent in patients with SAB, particularly when the bacteremia is community-acquired. Our results suggest that bacterial characteristics (clonal complex or virulence factors) are not involved in the occurrence of FB infection in patients with SAB.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148364030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcomes associated with carbapenem-sparing versus carbapenem-containing therapy for third-generation cephalosporin non-susceptible Serratia marcescens bacteremia: a retrospective cohort analysis.","authors":"Shin-Huei Kuo, Shang-Yi Lin, Tsung-Ying Yang, Tun-Chieh Chen, Po-Liang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2026.06.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2026.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent IDSA guidance supports carbapenem-sparing options for AmpC-producing Enterobacterales, but clinical evidence for third-generation cephalosporin non-susceptible (3 GC-NS) Serratia marcescens bloodstream infection (BSI) remains limited. We aimed to identify risk factors for 3 GC-NS acquisition and evaluate the safety of carbapenem-sparing regimens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study of 265 adults with S. marcescens BSI at a medical center in southern Taiwan (2010-2022). Factors associated with 3 GC-NS status and 14-day mortality were analyzed. Carbapenem-containing versus carbapenem-sparing therapy was compared for both empirical and definitive treatment, including in intensive care unit (ICU) subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 3 GC-NS S. marcescens group had significantly higher 14-day mortality compared with the 3 GC-susceptible group (20% vs. 5%, p < 0.001). ICU-onset bacteremia, higher SOFA scores, lower respiratory tract origin, and recent 3 GC exposure were independent predictors of 3 GC-NS infection. Crucially, appropriate definitive therapy was a key independent predictor of improved survival (adjusted OR 0.051, p = 0.013). Carbapenem-sparing regimens were not associated with higher 14-day mortality compared with carbapenems, including among ICU patients. However, 3 GC-NS isolates showed high rates of concurrent non-susceptibility to commonly used carbapenem-sparing agents, including cefepime (56.5%), levofloxacin (58.8%), tigecycline (52.9%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (40.0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>3 GC-NS S. marcescens bacteremia is associated with high short-term mortality in patients with ICU-onset bacteremia and high SOFA scores. Carefully selected definitive carbapenem-sparing regimens can be used without excess mortality, supporting antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Nonetheless, high local co-resistance rates to these agents necessitate cautious empirical selection until susceptibility is confirmed.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148334466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroRNAs in sepsis diagnosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis toward evidence-based biomarker development.","authors":"Shu-Hui Chen, Sameer Noor, Wei-Hsuan Liu, Tzu-Ti Tien, Chin-Chieh Wu, Kuan-Fu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2026.06.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2026.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sepsis diagnosis remains challenging, and conventional biomarkers such as CRP and PCT show limited specificity. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have been investigated as diagnostic biomarkers, but substantial methodological variability across studies has limited the interpretation of current evidence. Previous meta-analyses largely evaluated miRNAs as a single biomarker category, leaving variation across biologically distinct subgroups insufficiently explored.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following PRISMA 2020 and PRISMA-DTA 2018 guidelines, we systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus through April 2026. Study quality was assessed using QUADAS-2, and pooled diagnostic performance was analyzed using a hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) model. Subgroup analyses explored clinical, methodological, and functional sources of heterogeneity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-nine studies involving 59 distinct miRNAs were included. Pooled sensitivity was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.76-0.82) and specificity was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.78-0.85), with an AUROC of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.84-0.90). Substantial heterogeneity was observed (sensitivity I² = 92.4%; specificity I² = 89.0%). In exploratory functional subgroup analyses, IL-1β-associated miRNAs demonstrated higher overall diagnostic accuracy (AUROC 0.90, 95% CI: 0.87-0.92), while endothelial dysfunction-related miRNAs showed comparatively higher specificity.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Circulating miRNAs demonstrate moderate diagnostic accuracy for sepsis, with functional subgroup analyses showing differences across biologically distinct miRNA categories. Diagnostic performance appears to vary according to both biological function and methodological context. Substantial heterogeneity limits the generalizability of current evidence. Future multicenter studies using standardized protocols and infected non-septic control groups are needed to determine the clinical utility of pathway-specific miRNA panels.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148347604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}