Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection最新文献

{"title":"Combination treatment of persistent COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients with remdesivir, nirmaltrevir/ritonavir and tixegavimab/cilgavimab","authors":"Tal Brosh-Nissimov ,&nbsp;Nir Ma'aravi ,&nbsp;Daniel Leshin-Carmel ,&nbsp;Yonatan Edel ,&nbsp;Sharon Ben Barouch ,&nbsp;Yafit Segman ,&nbsp;Amos Cahan ,&nbsp;Erez Barenboim","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.09.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We present a retrospective study on the treatment outcomes of severely immunocompromised patients with persistent COVID-19. The study analyzed data from 14 patients who received a combination of tixegavimab/cilgavimab and antiviral medications. Response was evaluated based on symptom improvement, PCR cycle-threshold values, and C-reactive protein levels. Eleven patients achieved complete clinical and virological resolution, while three showed partial responses. The study suggests a potential association between non-response and tixegavimab/cilgavimab neutralization. The findings underscore the need for tailored treatment approaches and further research on optimal strategies for managing persistent COVID-19, as well as the development of antivirals and variant-specific monoclonal antibodies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 189-194"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118223001706/pdfft?md5=49414879769acb8629ee0e171017edc8&pid=1-s2.0-S1684118223001706-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41158440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and molecular predictors of mortality in patients with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia: A retrospective cohort study","authors":"Jin Woong Suh ,&nbsp;Seung Min Park ,&nbsp;Yong Kuk Ju ,&nbsp;Kyung Sook Yang ,&nbsp;Jeong Yeon Kim ,&nbsp;Sun Bean Kim ,&nbsp;Jang Wook Sohn ,&nbsp;Young Kyung Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Purpose</h3><p>To investigate the virulence profiles and identify clinical and microbiological predictors of mortality in patients with carbapenem-resistant <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> (<em>A. baumannii</em>) bacteremia.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This retrospective cohort study enrolled adult patients with carbapenem-resistant <em>A. baumannii</em> (CRAB). Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of 30-day mortality. All isolates were subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction for virulence factors and genotyped using multilocus sequence typing.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among the 153 patients with CRAB bacteremia, 66 % received appropriate definitive antibiotic therapy. The in-hospital and 30-day mortality rates were 58.3 and 23.5 %, respectively. Ultimately, we enrolled 125 patients with CRAB bacteremia in the analysis, excluding early mortality cases. All CRAB isolates carried <em>bla</em>_OXA-23 and <em>bla</em>_OXA-51. The clinical strains belonged to 10 sequence types (STs), and the major genotypes were ST191, ST195, ST451, and ST784. The distribution of virulence factors included surface adhesion (Ata, 84.8 %; ChoP, 7.2 %), biofilm formation (OmpA, 76.8 %), killing of host cells (AbeD, 99.2 %), toxins (LipA, 99.2 %), and conjugation (BfmR, 90.4 %). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, hemodialysis due to acute kidney injury and moderate to severe thrombocytopenia were significant risk factors associated with 30-day mortality. However, microbiological factors were not significant predictors.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Clinical factors such as hemodialysis due to acute renal injury and moderate to severe thrombocytopenia have a greater influence on mortality in CRAB bacteremia compared with microbiological factors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 148-155"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118223002074/pdfft?md5=e40bc70aa88fafe62ab0ac14bb5f1bce&pid=1-s2.0-S1684118223002074-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138500352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shift in risk factors for mortality by period of the bloodstream infection timeline","authors":"Min Hyuk Choi ,&nbsp;Dokyun Kim ,&nbsp;Jihyun Kim ,&nbsp;Young Goo Song ,&nbsp;Seok Hoon Jeong","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.11.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.11.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study was designed to determine changes in risk factors on the prognosis of patients during each period of the bloodstream infection (BSI) timeline.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Through an integrated study of multivariable regressions with machine learning techniques, the risk factors for mortality during each period of BSI were analyzed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 302,303 inpatients who underwent blood cultures during 2011–2021 were enrolled. More than 8 % of BSI cases progressed to subsequent BSI, and risk factors were identified as gut colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (aOR 1.82; 95 % CI 1.47–2.24), intensive care unit admission (aOR 3.37; 95 % CI 3.35–4.28), and current cancer chemotherapy (aOR 1.54; 95 % CI 1.36–1.74). The mean SOFA score of the deceased patients during the first 7 days was 10.6 (SD 4.3), which was significantly higher than those on days 8–30 (7.0 ± 4.2) and after Day 30 (4.0 ± 3.5). BSIs caused by <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> and <em>Candida albicans</em> were more likely to result in deaths of patients for all time periods (all, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). BSIs caused by <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> and <em>Enterococcus faecium</em> were associated with a poor outcome in the period after Day 30 (both, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Nonsusceptible phenotypes to β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors of <em>Escherichia coli</em> and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> influenced the prognoses of patients with BSI in terms of high mortality rates during both days 8–30 and after Day 30.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Influence of microbiological factors on mortality, including BSI-causative microorganisms and their major antimicrobial resistance, was emphasized in both periods of days 8–30 and after Day 30.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 97-106"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118223002141/pdfft?md5=a166874508aa9f03ebbc12d4798e5ebf&pid=1-s2.0-S1684118223002141-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138556971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical features and virologic lineages of COVID-19-associated encephalitis in Taiwanese children during early epidemic wave of omicron in 2022: Report from a medical center","authors":"Yi-Jung Chang ,&nbsp;Chung-Guei Huang ,&nbsp;Shian-Sen Shie ,&nbsp;Jainn-Jim Lin ,&nbsp;Chih-Jung Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>A surge of encephalitis was reported in children during the early wave of the omicron epidemic in Taiwan. Information on the COVID-19-associated encephalitis, including epidemiologic features and factors of unfavorable outcomes, remained unclear.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 128 hospitalized Taiwanese children with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled between April 01, 2022, and May 31, 2022. The information on demographics and clinical features was abstracted from the medical records. Virologic lineages were determined by sequences of the spike protein. Factors associated with encephalitis and unfavorable outcomes were identified by comparisons to children without encephalitis and with favorable outcomes, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The leading syndromes associated with COVID-19 in hospitalized children were febrile seizure (20, 15.7%), fever as the solitary symptom (18, 14.1%), and croup syndrome (14, 10.9%). Encephalitis was diagnosed in nine (7.03%) children. When compared to the three leading syndromes, children with encephalitis were at older ages, had greater rates of hypotension, PICU admissions, use of inotropic agents (<em>P</em> &lt; .001 for all above comparisons), mortality (<em>P</em> = .008), and longer hospital stays (<em>P</em> = .016), but not the underlying comorbidities (<em>P</em> = .376). Unfavorable outcomes were identified in 3 (33.3%) of 9 encephalitis cases and associated with a lower Glasgow coma scale, hypotension, and higher C-reactive protein (<em>P</em> &lt; .05 for all). BA.2.3.7 was the dominant sublineage in children with or without encephalitis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Omicron BA.2.3.7 can cause fulminant and lethal encephalitis in healthy children. Depressed consciousness and hypotension at presentation were significant risks of unfavorable outcomes for pediatric COVID-19-associated encephalitis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 48-54"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118223001962/pdfft?md5=18453113015491c25d590577312ed8c5&pid=1-s2.0-S1684118223001962-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71489436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world effectiveness of full and booster mRNA vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 against disease severity during the delta- and omicron-dominant phases: A propensity score-matched cohort study using the nationwide registry data in Japan","authors":"Tetsuya Suzuki ,&nbsp;Yusuke Asai ,&nbsp;Shinya Tsuzuki ,&nbsp;Hidetoshi Nomoto ,&nbsp;Nobuaki Matsunaga ,&nbsp;Eiichi N. Kodama ,&nbsp;Kayoko Hayakawa ,&nbsp;Norio Ohmagari","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>To date, few studies from the Asian region have reported the effectiveness of messenger ribonucleic acid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines against disease progression and death after hospitalization.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We evaluated the data from the COVID-19 registry in Japan during the delta- and omicron-dominant phases. A propensity score-matched cohort study was conducted between the incompletely (0–1 dose) and fully (2 doses) vaccinated groups during the delta-dominant phase and among the incompletely, fully, and booster (3 doses) vaccinated groups during the omicron-dominant phase.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the delta-dominant phase, 411 pairs were matched. The fully vaccinated group showed a significantly lower oxygen supplementation rate (24.1 % vs. 41.1 %, p &lt; 0.001) but little difference in the mortality rate (2.2 % vs. 2.9 %, p = 0.66). In the omicron-dominant phase, 1494 pairs from the incompletely and fully vaccinated groups, and 425 pairs from the fully and booster vaccinated groups were matched. Full vaccination reduced both the oxygen supplementation rate (18.6 % vs 25.7 %, p &lt; 0.001) and mortality rate (0.7 % vs 2.3 %, p &lt; 0.001). Booster vaccination showed little difference in either the rate of oxygen supplementation (21.2 % vs. 24.7 %, p = 0.25) or mortality (1.2 % vs. 2.6 %, p = 0.21) compared with full vaccination.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Full vaccination reduced disease severity during the delta- and omicron-dominant phases; booster vaccination did not further enhance the protective effects against disease progression during the omicron-dominant phase compared to full vaccination. Future vaccine strategies and policy decisions should consider preventing infection or disease progression in the target population, as well as the characteristics of the dominant variant in that phase.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 20-29"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118223002165/pdfft?md5=fc71b376b26e3d4718cf2f879f556244&pid=1-s2.0-S1684118223002165-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138574086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pneumonia and brain abscess likely due to Cladophialophora bantiana in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus in Taiwan","authors":"Yu-Ching Wang,&nbsp;Shin-Wei Wang,&nbsp;Cong-Tat Cia,&nbsp;Po-Lin Chen,&nbsp;Hsin-I Shih,&nbsp;Pui-Ching Choi,&nbsp;Chi-Jung Wu,&nbsp;Shih-Hung Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 204-206"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118223002402/pdfft?md5=4056b61e9f2073c02a0cf6528d9f93d3&pid=1-s2.0-S1684118223002402-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139072101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genomic epidemiology of hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae at Jinshan local hospital, Shanghai, during 2014–2018","authors":"Ming-Quan Guo ,&nbsp;Yi-Ting Wang ,&nbsp;Shan-Shan Wang ,&nbsp;Li-Kuang Chen ,&nbsp;Ying-Hua Xu ,&nbsp;Gang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.10.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.10.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (Hv-CRKP) triggered a significant public health challenge. This study explored the prevalence trends and key genetic characteristics of Hv-CRKP in one Shanghai suburbs hospital during 2014–2018.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>During five years, Hv-CRKP strains identified from 2579 CRKP by specific PCR, were subjected to performed short- and long-read sequencing technology; epidemiological characteristics, antimicrobial-resistance genes (ARGs), virulence determinants, detailed plasmid profiles and conjugation efficiency were comprehensively investigated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>155 Hv-CRKP and 31 non-Hv-CRKP strains were sequenced. Hv-CRKP strains exhibited significant resistance to six common antibiotic classes (&gt;92%). ST11 steadily increased and became the most prevalent ST (85.2%), followed by ST15 (8.5%), ST65 (2.6%), ST23 (1.9%), and ST86 (0.6%). ST11-KL64 (65.2%) rapidly increased from 0 in 2014 to 93.9% in 2018. <em>bla</em>_KPC-2 was the primary carbapenemase gene (97.4%). Other ARGs switched from <em>aac(3)-IId</em> to <em>aadA2</em> in aminoglycoside and from <em>sul1</em> to <em>sul2</em> in sulfanilamide. The time-dated phylogenetic tree was divided into four independent evolutionary clades. Clade 1 and 3 strains were mostly limited in the ICU, whereas Clade 2 strains were distributed among multiple departments. Compared to <em>ybt14</em> in ICEKp12 in Clade 1, Clade 3 strains harbored <em>ybt9</em> in ICEKp3 and <em>bla</em>_CTX-M-65. Hv-CRKP infected more wards than non-Hv-CRKP and showed greater transmission capacity. Three plasmids containing crucial carbapenemase genes demonstrated their early transmission across China.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The Hv-CRKP ST11-KL64 has rapidly replaced ST11-KL47 and emerged as the predominant epidemic subtype in various hospital wards, highlighting the importance of conducting comprehensive early surveillance for Hv-CRKP, especially in respiratory infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 128-137"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118223002037/pdfft?md5=6b180ecc9b001bbae6239b7c311cbc09&pid=1-s2.0-S1684118223002037-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89720892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of a COVID-19 cluster involving vertical transmission in a residential building, Taiwan, 2021","authors":"Hsin-Yi Wei ,&nbsp;Cheng-Ping Chang ,&nbsp;Ming-Tsan Liu ,&nbsp;Jung-Jung Mu ,&nbsp;Chia-ping Su","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.08.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.08.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We investigated a COVID-19 cluster involved seven case-patients lived in a high-rise building in September 2021. We used a simplified tracer-gas experiment and virus sequencing to establish the link between case-patients. Vertical transmission among vertically aligned apartments on different floors in a building was the most likely route of transmission.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 195-199"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118223001597/pdfft?md5=f41ed660ecc450e23628b69103a0785c&pid=1-s2.0-S1684118223001597-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10224681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to <‘Efficacy and safety of anti-interleukin-5 therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials’>[J Microbiol Immunol Infect 55 (1) (2022) 26–35]","authors":"Shao-Huan Lan ,&nbsp;Chih-Cheng Lai ,&nbsp;Shen-Peng Chang ,&nbsp;Chun-Chun Hsu ,&nbsp;Cheng-Hsin Chen ,&nbsp;Ya-Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Yueh Lan Huang ,&nbsp;Cheng-Yi Wang ,&nbsp;You-Shuei Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 207-208"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118223001949/pdfft?md5=11e56550729f040407daf50964cd5bc6&pid=1-s2.0-S1684118223001949-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49685492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monkeypox: An outbreak of a rare viral disease","authors":"Ying-Hua Luo ,&nbsp;Tong Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing-Long Cao ,&nbsp;Wen-Shuang Hou ,&nbsp;An-Qi Wang ,&nbsp;Cheng-Hao Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.12.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.12.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Monkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease rarely found outside Africa. Monkeypox can be spread from person to person through close contact with an infected person, and the rate of transmission is not very high. In addition, monkeypox and variola virus are both pox viruses, and the spread of monkeypox virus was also controlled to some extent by the smallpox campaign, so monkeypox was not widely paid attention to. However, as smallpox vaccination is phased out in various countries or regions, people's resistance to orthopoxviruses is decreasing, especially among people who have not been vaccinated against smallpox. This has led to a significant increase in the frequency and geographical distribution of human monkeypox cases in recent years, and the monkeypox virus has become the orthopoxvirus that poses the greatest threat to public health. Since the last large-scale monkeypox infection was detected in 2022, the number of countries or territories affected has exceeded 100. Many confirmed and suspected cases of monkeypox have been found in individuals who have not travelled to affected areas, and the route of infection is not obvious, making this outbreak of monkeypox a cause for concern globally. The purpose of this systematic review is to further understand the pathophysiological and epidemiological characteristics of monkeypox, as well as existing prevention and treatment methods, with a view to providing evidence for the control of monkeypox.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118223002384/pdfft?md5=bdde462b5572e37f8aaf51c0bb9a1b15&pid=1-s2.0-S1684118223002384-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139067328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}