Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection最新文献

{"title":"The core exosome proteome of Trichomonas vaginalis","authors":"Seow-Chin Ong ,&nbsp;Hong-Wei Luo ,&nbsp;Wei-Hung Cheng ,&nbsp;Fu-Man Ku ,&nbsp;Chih-Yu Tsai ,&nbsp;Po-Jung Huang ,&nbsp;Chi-Ching Lee ,&nbsp;Yuan-Ming Yeh ,&nbsp;Rose Lin ,&nbsp;Cheng-Hsun Chiu ,&nbsp;Petrus Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p><em>Trichomonas vaginalis</em> is parasitic protozoan that causes human urogenital infections. Accumulated reports indicated that exosomes released by this parasite play a crucial role in transmitting information and substances between cells during host-parasite interactions. Current knowledge on the protein contents in <em>T. vaginalis</em> exosome is mainly generated from three previous studies that used different <em>T. vaginalis</em> isolates as an experimental model. Whether <em>T. vaginalis</em> exosomes comprise a common set of proteins (core exosome proteome) is still unclear.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>To explore the core exosome proteome in <em>T. vaginalis</em>, we used liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify the contents of sucrose ultracentrifugation-enriched exosome and supernatant fractions isolated from six isolates.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the presence of exosomes in the enriched fraction. Proteomic analysis identified a total of 1870 proteins from exosomal extracts. There were 1207 exosomal-specific proteins after excluding 436 ‘non-core exosomal proteins’. Among these, 72 common exosomal-specific proteins were expressed in all six isolates. Compared with three published <em>T. vaginalis</em> exosome proteome datasets, we identified 16 core exosomal-specific proteins. These core exosomal-specific proteins included tetraspanin (TvTSP1), the classical exosome marker, and proteins mainly involved in catalytic activity and binding such as ribosomal proteins, ras-associated binding (Rab) proteins, and heterotrimeric G proteins.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our study highlighted the importance of using supernatant fraction from exosomal extract as a control to eliminate ‘non-core exosomal proteins’. We compiled a reference core exosome proteome of <em>T. vaginalis</em>, which is essential for developing a fundamental understanding of exosome-mediated cell communication and host-parasite interaction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 2","pages":"Pages 246-256"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118224000409/pdfft?md5=21361a39dd637e30c232671d521e30d2&pid=1-s2.0-S1684118224000409-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139919362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 19-year longitudinal study to characterize carbapenem-nonsusceptible Acinetobacter isolated from patients with bloodstream infections and the contribution of conjugative plasmids to carbapenem resistance and virulence","authors":"Pek Kee Chen ,&nbsp;Yi-Tzu Lee ,&nbsp;Chia-Ying Liu ,&nbsp;Tran Thi Dieu Thuy ,&nbsp;Kieu Anh ,&nbsp;Jiunn-Jong Wu ,&nbsp;Chun-Hsing Liao ,&nbsp;Yu-Tsung Huang ,&nbsp;Yu-Chen Chen ,&nbsp;Cheng-Yen Kao","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study aimed to characterize carbapenem-nonsusceptible <em>Acinetobacter</em> (CNSA) isolated from patients with bacteremia from 1997 to 2015.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 173 CNSA (12.3%) was recovered from 1403 <em>Acinetobacter</em> isolates. The presence of selected β-lactamase genes in CNSA was determined by PCR amplification. The conjugation test was used to determine the transferability of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-carrying plasmids. Whole genome sequencing in combination with phenotypic assays was carried out to characterize MBL-plasmids.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In general, a trend of increasing numbers of CNSA was observed. Among the 173 CNSA, <em>A. baumannii</em> (54.9%) was the most common species, followed by <em>A. nosocomialis</em> (23.1%) and <em>A. soli</em> (12.1%). A total of 49 (28.3%) CNSA were extensively drug-resistant, and all were <em>A. baumannii</em>. The most common class D carbapenemase gene in 173 CNSA was <em>bla</em>_OXA-24-like (32.4%), followed by IS<em>Aba1</em>-<em>bla</em>_OXA-51-like (20.8%), IS<em>Aba1</em>-<em>bla</em>_OXA-23 (20.2%), and IS<em>1006</em>/IS<em>1008</em>-<em>bla</em>_OXA-58 (11.6%). MBL genes, <em>bla</em>_VIM-11, <em>bla</em>_IMP-1, and <em>bla</em>_IMP-19 were detected in 9 (5.2%), 20 (11.6%), and 1 (0.6%) CNSA isolates, respectively. Transfer of MBL genes to AB218 and AN254 recipient cells was successful for 7 and 6 of the 30 MBL-plasmids, respectively. The seven AB218-derived transconjugants carrying MBL-plasmids produced less biofilm but showed higher virulence to larvae than recipient AB218.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Our 19-year longitudinal study revealed a stable increase in CNSA during 2005–2015. <em>bla</em>_OXA-24-like, IS<em>Aba1</em>-<em>bla</em>_OXA-51-like, and IS<em>Aba1</em>-<em>bla</em>_OXA-23 were the major determinants of <em>Acinetobacter</em> carbapenem resistance. MBL-carrying plasmids contribute not only to the carbapenem resistance but also to <em>A. baumannii</em> virulence.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 2","pages":"Pages 288-299"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118224000355/pdfft?md5=2293ab1d6065e034dc8887b86a613198&pid=1-s2.0-S1684118224000355-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139731051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical features and virologic lineages of COVID-19-associated encephalitis in Taiwanese children during early epidemic wave of omicron in 2022: Report from a medical center","authors":"Yi-Jung Chang ,&nbsp;Chung-Guei Huang ,&nbsp;Shian-Sen Shie ,&nbsp;Jainn-Jim Lin ,&nbsp;Chih-Jung Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>A surge of encephalitis was reported in children during the early wave of the omicron epidemic in Taiwan. Information on the COVID-19-associated encephalitis, including epidemiologic features and factors of unfavorable outcomes, remained unclear.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 128 hospitalized Taiwanese children with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled between April 01, 2022, and May 31, 2022. The information on demographics and clinical features was abstracted from the medical records. Virologic lineages were determined by sequences of the spike protein. Factors associated with encephalitis and unfavorable outcomes were identified by comparisons to children without encephalitis and with favorable outcomes, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The leading syndromes associated with COVID-19 in hospitalized children were febrile seizure (20, 15.7%), fever as the solitary symptom (18, 14.1%), and croup syndrome (14, 10.9%). Encephalitis was diagnosed in nine (7.03%) children. When compared to the three leading syndromes, children with encephalitis were at older ages, had greater rates of hypotension, PICU admissions, use of inotropic agents (<em>P</em> &lt; .001 for all above comparisons), mortality (<em>P</em> = .008), and longer hospital stays (<em>P</em> = .016), but not the underlying comorbidities (<em>P</em> = .376). Unfavorable outcomes were identified in 3 (33.3%) of 9 encephalitis cases and associated with a lower Glasgow coma scale, hypotension, and higher C-reactive protein (<em>P</em> &lt; .05 for all). BA.2.3.7 was the dominant sublineage in children with or without encephalitis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Omicron BA.2.3.7 can cause fulminant and lethal encephalitis in healthy children. Depressed consciousness and hypotension at presentation were significant risks of unfavorable outcomes for pediatric COVID-19-associated encephalitis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 48-54"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118223001962/pdfft?md5=18453113015491c25d590577312ed8c5&pid=1-s2.0-S1684118223001962-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71489436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world effectiveness of full and booster mRNA vaccination for coronavirus disease 2019 against disease severity during the delta- and omicron-dominant phases: A propensity score-matched cohort study using the nationwide registry data in Japan","authors":"Tetsuya Suzuki ,&nbsp;Yusuke Asai ,&nbsp;Shinya Tsuzuki ,&nbsp;Hidetoshi Nomoto ,&nbsp;Nobuaki Matsunaga ,&nbsp;Eiichi N. Kodama ,&nbsp;Kayoko Hayakawa ,&nbsp;Norio Ohmagari","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>To date, few studies from the Asian region have reported the effectiveness of messenger ribonucleic acid coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines against disease progression and death after hospitalization.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We evaluated the data from the COVID-19 registry in Japan during the delta- and omicron-dominant phases. A propensity score-matched cohort study was conducted between the incompletely (0–1 dose) and fully (2 doses) vaccinated groups during the delta-dominant phase and among the incompletely, fully, and booster (3 doses) vaccinated groups during the omicron-dominant phase.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In the delta-dominant phase, 411 pairs were matched. The fully vaccinated group showed a significantly lower oxygen supplementation rate (24.1 % vs. 41.1 %, p &lt; 0.001) but little difference in the mortality rate (2.2 % vs. 2.9 %, p = 0.66). In the omicron-dominant phase, 1494 pairs from the incompletely and fully vaccinated groups, and 425 pairs from the fully and booster vaccinated groups were matched. Full vaccination reduced both the oxygen supplementation rate (18.6 % vs 25.7 %, p &lt; 0.001) and mortality rate (0.7 % vs 2.3 %, p &lt; 0.001). Booster vaccination showed little difference in either the rate of oxygen supplementation (21.2 % vs. 24.7 %, p = 0.25) or mortality (1.2 % vs. 2.6 %, p = 0.21) compared with full vaccination.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Full vaccination reduced disease severity during the delta- and omicron-dominant phases; booster vaccination did not further enhance the protective effects against disease progression during the omicron-dominant phase compared to full vaccination. Future vaccine strategies and policy decisions should consider preventing infection or disease progression in the target population, as well as the characteristics of the dominant variant in that phase.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 20-29"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118223002165/pdfft?md5=fc71b376b26e3d4718cf2f879f556244&pid=1-s2.0-S1684118223002165-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138574086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pneumonia and brain abscess likely due to Cladophialophora bantiana in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus in Taiwan","authors":"Yu-Ching Wang,&nbsp;Shin-Wei Wang,&nbsp;Cong-Tat Cia,&nbsp;Po-Lin Chen,&nbsp;Hsin-I Shih,&nbsp;Pui-Ching Choi,&nbsp;Chi-Jung Wu,&nbsp;Shih-Hung Chan","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 204-206"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118223002402/pdfft?md5=4056b61e9f2073c02a0cf6528d9f93d3&pid=1-s2.0-S1684118223002402-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139072101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CRISPR/Cas13-assisted carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae detection","authors":"Yaling Cao ,&nbsp;Yuan Tian ,&nbsp;Jing Huang ,&nbsp;Ling Xu ,&nbsp;Zihao Fan ,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Pan ,&nbsp;Sisi Chen ,&nbsp;Yao Gao ,&nbsp;Linlin Wei ,&nbsp;Sujun Zheng ,&nbsp;Xiangying Zhang ,&nbsp;Yanhua Yu ,&nbsp;Feng Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/Purpose</h3><p>Carbapenem-resistant <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (CRKP) is capable of causing serious community and hospital-acquired infections. However, currently, the identification of CRKP is complex and inefficient. Hence, this study aimed to develop methods for the early and effective identification of CRKP to allow reasonable antimicrobial therapy in a timely manner.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><em>K. pneumoniae</em> (KP)-, <em>K. pneumoniae</em> carbapenemase (KPC)- and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)- specific CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers and recombinase-aided amplification (RAA) primers were designed and screened in conserved sequence regions. We established fluorescence and lateral flow strip assays based on CRISPR/Cas13a combined with PCR and RAA, respectively, to assist in the detection of CRKP. Sixty-one clinical strains (including 51 CRKP strains and 10 carbapenem-sensitive strains) were collected for clinical validation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Using the PCR-CRISPR assay, the limit of detection (LOD) for KP and the blaKPC and blaNDM genes reached 1 copy/μL with the fluorescence signal readout. Using the RAA-CRISPR assay, the LOD could reach 10¹ copies/μL with both the fluorescence signal readout and the lateral flow strip readout. Additionally, the positivity rates of CRKP-positive samples detected by the PCR/RAA-CRISPR fluorescence and RAA-CRISPR lateral flow strip methods was 92.16% (47/51). The sensitivity and specificity reached 100% for KP and blaKPC and blaNDM gene detection. For detection in a simulated environmental sample, 1 CFU/cm² KP could be detected.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We established PCR/RAA-CRISPR assays for the detection of blaKPC and blaNDM carbapenemase genes, as well as KP, to facilitate the detection of CRKP.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 118-127"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118223002001/pdfft?md5=fd891db6fca99d27517bdb4a7d05e2e9&pid=1-s2.0-S1684118223002001-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"107592940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of pneumococcal serotypes with individual recognition of vaccine types by a highly multiplexed real-time PCR-based MeltArray approach","authors":"Shujuan Zhou ,&nbsp;Jie Che ,&nbsp;Xuran Wang ,&nbsp;Yong Lin ,&nbsp;Jianjun Niu ,&nbsp;Weitong Liang ,&nbsp;Li Xu ,&nbsp;Maojun Zhang ,&nbsp;Yiqun Liao ,&nbsp;Zhujun Shao ,&nbsp;Qingge Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Pneumococcus serotyping is important for monitoring serotype epidemiology, vaccine-induced serotypes replacement and emerging pathogenic serotypes. However, the lack of high-resolution serotyping tools has hindered its widespread implementation.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We devised a single-step, multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based MeltArray approach termed PneumoSero that can identify 92 serotypes with individual recognition of 54 serotypes, including all 24 currently available vaccine types. The limit of detection (LOD) and the ability to coexisting serotypes were studied, followed by analytical evaluation using 92 reference pneumococcal strains and 125 non-pneumococcal strains, and clinical evaluation using 471 pneumococcus isolates and 46 pneumococcus-positive clinical samples.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The LODs varied with serotypes from 50 to 100 copies per reaction and 10 % of the minor serotypes were detectable in samples containing two mixed serotypes. Analytical evaluation presented 100 % accuracy in both 92 reference pneumococcal strains and 125 non-pneumococcal strains. Clinical evaluation of 471 pneumococcus isolates displayed full concordance with Sanger sequencing results. The 46 clinical specimens yielded 45 typeable results and one untypeable result. Of the 45 typeable samples, 41 were of a single serotype and four were of mixed serotypes, all of which were confirmed by Sanger sequencing or separate PCR assays.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We conclude that the PneumoSero assay can be implemented as a routine tool for pneumococcal serotyping in standard microbiology laboratories and even in clinical settings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 107-117"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118223001998/pdfft?md5=eab6c8cd9db3ae5b1898eeb99cbb8c4f&pid=1-s2.0-S1684118223001998-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71429529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbiome of limb-threatening diabetic foot ulcers indicates the association of fastidious Stenotrophomonas and major amputation","authors":"Shih-Yuan Hung ,&nbsp;Yuan-Ming Yeh ,&nbsp;Cheng-Hsun Chiu ,&nbsp;David G. Armstrong ,&nbsp;Cheng-Wei Lin ,&nbsp;Hui-Mei Yang ,&nbsp;Shu-Yu Huang ,&nbsp;Yu-Yao Huang ,&nbsp;Chung-Huei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Proper identification of the polymicrobial microorganisms in patients with limb-threatening diabetic foot ulcers (LTDFUs) using conventional culture is insufficient. This prospective study evaluates the potential value of adjuvant molecular testing assisting in identify fastidious micro-organisms in LTDFUs compared to standard treatment alone.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Ninety patients with LTDFUs received interdisciplinary and standard antibiotic treatment in a referral diabetic foot center. A simultaneous 16S amplicon sequencing (16S AS) specimen along with conventional culture collected at admission was used to retrospectively evaluate the microbiological findings and its association with amputation outcomes.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The microorganism count revealed by 16S AS overwhelmed that of conventional culturing (17 vs. 3 bacteria/ulcer respectively). The <em>Stenotrophomonas</em> spp. revealed in 29 patients were highly correlated with major (above ankle) amputation (OR: 4.76, 95% CI 1.01–22.56), while only one had been concomitantly identified by conventional culturing. Thus, there were 27 cases without proper antibiotics coverage during treatment.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Adjuvant molecular testing assisted identification of fastidious pathogens such as <em>Stenotrophomonas</em> infection and might be associated with major amputation in patients with LTDFUs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 156-163"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118223001986/pdfft?md5=9cf257e2f10ec78acbc682e50a892df0&pid=1-s2.0-S1684118223001986-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71429530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early HIV diagnosis enhances quality-adjusted life expectancy of men who have sex with men living with HIV: A population-based cohort study in Taiwan","authors":"Tung Lo ,&nbsp;Chi-Tai Fang ,&nbsp;Yu-Yao Lee ,&nbsp;Chung-Ching Shih ,&nbsp;Fang-Ying Chu ,&nbsp;Jung-Der Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Whether early HIV diagnosis is beneficial for HIV patients themselves remains uncertain, given the stigma and social discrimination associated with an HIV diagnosis. This study aimed to measure the impact of early HIV diagnosis on quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) in comparison with late HIV diagnosis, from real-world data in Taiwan under universal access to antiretroviral therapy (ART).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This population-based cohort study included 14,570 men who have sex with men (MSM) in the national HIV registry and a quasi-random sample (n = 127) of MSM patients to measure quality of life using the EQ-5D health utility instrument. We integrated quality of life data into the extrapolated cohort survival curve to estimate the QALE in patients with early versus late HIV diagnosis (≤30 days before AIDS diagnosis). Loss-of-QALE were estimated by comparing the cohort with age-, sex-, and calendar-year-matched referents simulated from vital statistics. Difference-in-differences was estimated to quantify the effect of early HIV diagnosis.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Early HIV diagnosis is associated with a loss-of-life expectancy of 3.11 years, with an average health utility of 0.95, in contrast to those diagnosed late (loss-of-life expectancy 8.47 years, with an average health utility of 0.86). After integration of survival and life quality, early HIV diagnosis results in a reduction of loss-of-QALE by 8.28 quality-adjusted life years among MSM living with HIV.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Under universal access to ART, early HIV diagnosis is highly beneficial for people living with HIV themselves, with a net gain of 8.28 healthy life years compared with those diagnosed late.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 85-96"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118223002104/pdfft?md5=e7f0dd4acb660e06ff6765152371b73a&pid=1-s2.0-S1684118223002104-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138543558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and effectiveness of remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19 patients with end-stage renal disease: A retrospective cohort study","authors":"Yan-Bo Huang ,&nbsp;Chip-Jin Ng ,&nbsp;Cheng-Hsun Chiu ,&nbsp;Chung-Hsien Chaou ,&nbsp;Shi-Ying Gao ,&nbsp;Shou-Yen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2023.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Remdesivir has been used to treat severe coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19); however, its safety and effectiveness in patients remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the safety and effectiveness of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19 with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This retrospective study used the Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD) and extracted data from 21,621 adult patients with COVID-19 diagnosed between April 2021 and September 2022. The patients were divided into groups based on their remdesivir use and the presence of ESRD. The adverse effects of remdesivir and their outcomes were analyzed after propensity score matching.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>To compare the adverse effects of remdesivir, propensity scores were used for one-to-one matching between patients with and without ESRD treated with remdesivir (N = 110). There were no statistically significant differences in heart rates, blood glucose levels, variations in hemoglobin levels before and after remdesivir use, or liver function between the two groups after remdesivir use. A comparison was made between patients with ESRD using remdesivir and those not using remdesivir after propensity score matching (N = 44). Although a shorter length of stay (LOS), lower intensive care unit (ICU) admission rate, and lower intubation rate were noted in the ESRD group treated with remdesivir, the difference was not statistically significant.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Remdesivir is safe for use in patients with COVID-19 and ESRD; no increased adverse effects were noted compared with patients without ESRD. However, the effectiveness of remdesivir use in patients with COVID-19 and ESRD remains uncertain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"57 1","pages":"Pages 76-84"},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1684118223002335/pdfft?md5=5461774ab4d874351c87739f2283ed12&pid=1-s2.0-S1684118223002335-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138689766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}