Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection最新文献

{"title":"Prediction model, risk factor score and ventilator-associated pneumonia: A two-stage case-control study","authors":"Hua Meng ,&nbsp;Yuxin Shi ,&nbsp;Kaming Xue ,&nbsp;Di Liu ,&nbsp;Xiongjing Cao ,&nbsp;Yanyan Wu ,&nbsp;Yunzhou Fan ,&nbsp;Fang Gao ,&nbsp;Ming Zhu ,&nbsp;Lijuan Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most important hospital acquired infections in patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) in the intensive care unit, but the effective and robust predictable tools for VAP prevention were relatively lacked.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study aimed to establish a weighted risk scoring system to examine VAP risk among a two-stage VAP case-control study, and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of risk factor score (RFS) for VAP. We constructed a prediction model by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) models in 363 patients and 363 controls, and weighted RFS was calculated based on significant predictors. Finally, the diagnostic performance of the RFS was testified and further validated in another 177 pairs of VAP case-control study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>LASSO, RF and XGBoost consistently revealed significant associations of length of stay before MV, MV time, surgery, tracheotomy, multiple drug resistant organism infection, C-reactive protein, PaO₂, and APACHE II score with VAP. RFS was significantly linearly associated with VAP risk [odds ratio and 95 % confidence interval = 2.699 (2.347, 3.135)], and showed good discriminations for VAP both in discovery stage [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.857] and validation stage (AUC = 0.879).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results of this study revealed co-occurrence of multiple predictors for VAP risk. The risk factor scoring system proposed is a potentially useful predictive tool for clinical targets for VAP prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 94-102"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cigarette smoke compromises macrophage innate sensing in response to pneumococcal infection","authors":"Wei-Chih Liao ,&nbsp;Chia-Huei Chou ,&nbsp;Mao-Wang Ho ,&nbsp;Jo-Tsen Chen ,&nbsp;Shu-Ling Chou ,&nbsp;Yu-Tsen Huang ,&nbsp;Ngoc-Niem Bui ,&nbsp;Hui-Yu Wu ,&nbsp;Chi-Fan Lee ,&nbsp;Wei-Chien Huang ,&nbsp;Chih-Ho Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cigarette smoking remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em>, also known as pneumococcus, is one of the most common pathogens that colonizes the human respiratory tract, causing life-threatening infections. Several studies have reported that cigarette smoke (CS) exposure promotes pneumococcal infectivity; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be illustrated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, we prepared cigarette smoke extract (CSE) from tobacco containing nicotine (0.8 mg/cigarette) and tar (10 mg/cigarette) to investigate the effects of CSE on innate immune response using murine macrophage models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results from the cytokine array showed that the production of C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL4, CCL3, C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CXCL2), and CXCL-10, in pneumococcus-infected cells was reduced upon 5 % CSE treatment. Our results further demonstrated that 5 % CSE exposure, followed by pneumococcal challenge, significantly decreased CCL2 and type I interferon (IFN) production in macrophages by inhibiting nuclear factor (NF)-κB and IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) signaling pathways. Moreover, CSE disrupts macrophage polarization and impedes innate immune signaling to suppress pneumococcal phagocytosis by macrophages.</div></div><div><h3><strong>Conclusion</strong></h3><div>Our results provide evidence that CS manipulates the signaling molecules to subvert macrophage functions, thereby hindering the innate response against pneumococcal infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 120-127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling unique effector function-related bulk antibody profiles in long-term hemodialysis patients following COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccination","authors":"Chia-Yi Chou ,&nbsp;Chung-Yi Cheng ,&nbsp;Chih-Hsin Lee ,&nbsp;Makoto Kuro-O ,&nbsp;Tso-Hsiao Chen ,&nbsp;San-Yuan Wang ,&nbsp;Yung-Kun Chuang ,&nbsp;Yun-Jung Yang ,&nbsp;Yun-Hsuan Lin ,&nbsp;I-Lin Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hemodialysis patients exhibit a reduced response to vaccination and have different vaccine dose regimens. Vaccines induce antibodies and affect the inflammatory balance through antibody glycosylation and effector functions. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the antibody glycosylation profiles in hemodialysis patients who were vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, infected with the virus, or both, and compare them with those of dialysis patients in a control group.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Plasma samples from 112 hemodialysis patients were assigned to four groups: control, infected, vaccinated, and post-vaccine-infected. Paired plasma samples from 47 people with vaccination (vaccinees) were analyzed before and after the booster dose. The same analytical approach was applied to the four groups for a cross-sectional comparison.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our study found that both vaccination and infection groups showed decreased fucosylation of IgG1, which is associated with a proinflammatory biosignature. However, vaccination also leads to increased galactosylation and bisection of IgG antibodies, which are associated with anti-inflammatory effects and the additional regulation of immune responses. In contrast, infection led to an additional decrease in the fucosylation of IgG2 and IgA, demonstrating a more intense proinflammatory biosignature than vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings emphasize the proinflammatory biosignature of afucosylation in both vaccination and infection groups. Additionally, we uncovered further regulated profiles related to galactosylation in vaccinees. These findings suggest that antibody investigation for vaccination or infection should not solely focus on neutralization but should also consider effector function-related glycosylation profiling. This comprehensive information can be valuable for fine-tuning vaccine development in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative monocyte and T cell responses in DENV-exposed subjects from South-East Asia and DENV-naïve residents in Taiwan","authors":"Sheng-Hsuan Wang ,&nbsp;Yun-Erh Chuang ,&nbsp;Sia-Seng Tan ,&nbsp;Tzu-Chuan Ho ,&nbsp;Oscar Guey Chuen Perng ,&nbsp;Po-Lin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/purpose(s)</h3><div>Dengue virus (DENV) is one of the most troublesome mosquito-borne infectious viruses in tropical and subtropical zones. People with secondary/multiple DENV infections are at an increased risk of developing severe dengue. Both monocytes and T cells are known to play important roles in the immune response against DENV. However, the function of monocytes and T cells in individuals with potentially multiple exposures to DENV is rarely reported.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>In the present study, we performed a functional analysis of monocytes and T cells from people with previous DENV infection and DENV-naïve people that stimulated with DENV2 <em>ex vivo</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our preliminary analysis indicated that the response of monocytes and T cells to DENV2 restimulation was comparable between DENV-exposed and DENV-naïve individuals. Furthermore, the cytokine expression profiles in monocytes from both naïve individuals and previously DENV-exposed subjects were similar after DENV2 stimulation. In addition, it was observed that the function of T cells was also equivalent when monocytes were present as antigen-presenting cells for dengue antigen, NS3, in terms of cell proliferation, interferon-gamma (IFNγ) secretion, and memory response.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Based on the results, it was observed that previously DENV-exposed monocytes and T cells seemed to be anergic during DENV reinfection. However, whether the impaired response of monocytes and T cells against DENV in people with a history of previous DENV infection leads to severe dengue upon secondary infection in endemic areas requires further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 17-26"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased risk of Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization in rheumatoid arthritis patients on biologics and Janus kinase inhibitor","authors":"Ya-Chun Huang ,&nbsp;Nan-Yao Lee ,&nbsp;Meng-Yu Weng","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The prevalence of <em>Pneumocystis jirovecii</em> (PJ) pneumonia among rheumatic patients is rising. PJ colonization serves as a reservoir for transmission and precedes the development of PJ pneumonia. We aim to clarify the association of PJ colonization in patients of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with biologics or Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective cohort study was performed from March 2021 to July 2022 in the rheumatology outpatient department of National Cheng Kung University Hospital. We obtained oral-wash samples from asymptomatic RA patients treated with biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and JAKi. A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay focusing on the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene of PJ was applied to detect colonization.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>One hundred and ten RA patients were enrolled. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of PJ colonization were 6.40 (95% CI 1.34-30.57, p-value =0.02) in patients receiving bDMARDs or JAKi. Specifically, in patients treated with bDMARDs the adjusted OR was 8.08 (95% CI 1.57-41.51, p-value=0.012), and a trend toward developing PJ colonization was further identified in patients receiving JAKi (adjusted OR: 4.79, 95% CI 0.89-25.91, p=0.069). Among patients treated with bDMARDs or JAKi, medication duration &gt;3 years and age &gt;60 y/o are risk factors for PJ colonization.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>RA patients on bDMARDs or JAK inhibitors have an approximately 6-fold higher risk of developing P. jirovecii colonization. Patients treated with bDMARDs had an 8-fold higher risk of <em>P. jirovecii</em> colonization. Risk factors of PJ colonization are medication duration &gt;3 years and age &gt; 60 y/o.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 112-119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142251592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First detection of OXA-48-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae in flies","authors":"Yanyan Zhang,&nbsp;Hanyu Wang,&nbsp;Zelin Yan,&nbsp;Rong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 152-153"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142873607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased SARS-CoV-2-related hospitalization and mortality in rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving rituximab therapy-a monocentric retrospective study","authors":"Chrong-Reen Wang ,&nbsp;Chih-Hui Hsu ,&nbsp;Wei-Chieh Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>From 2022 April to 2024 August, retrospective analyses by multivariable logistic regression were conducted in 341 rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving rituximab (RTX), tofacitinib (TOF) or disease-modifying-anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) alone therapy. Compared to DMARD alone or TOF treatment, RTX therapy had increased adjusted odds ratios of SARS-CoV-2-related hospitalization, pneumonia and mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 2","pages":"Pages 272-275"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143191487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RNA interference in protozoan parasites and its application","authors":"Lon-Fye Lye ,&nbsp;Deborah E. Dobson ,&nbsp;Stephen M. Beverley ,&nbsp;Min-Che Tung","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><strong>RNA interference</strong> (<strong>RNAi</strong>) is a biological process in which RNA molecules are involved in sequence-specific suppression of gene expression, via small RNA triggers derived from double-stranded RNA that can target specific genes; it is a natural process that plays a role in both the regulation of protein synthesis and in immunity. Discovery of RNAi by Fire and Mello in 1998 had a profound impact on unraveling novel aspects of eukaryotic biology. RNA interference (RNAi) has proven to be an immensely useful tool for studying gene function and validation of potential drug targets in almost all organisms. A great advance in parasitic protozoa was achieved by the experimental demonstration of RNAi in <em>Trypanosoma brucei</em>, and in other protists such as <em>Leishmania braziliensis, Entamoeba histolytica</em> and <em>Giardia lamblia/intestinalis</em>. These organisms exhibit numerous differences beyond the core ‘dicer’ and ‘slicer’ activities, thereby expanding knowledge of the evolutionary diversification of this pathway in eukaryotes. When present, RNAi has led to new technologies for engineering powerful and facile knockdowns in gene expression, revolutionizing biomedical research and opening clinical potentialities. In this review, we discuss the distribution of RNAi pathways, their biological roles, and experimental applications in protozoan parasites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 3","pages":"Pages 281-287"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PCR-based diagnosis and clinical insights into parasitic keratitis","authors":"Suan Hwang ,&nbsp;I-Huang Lin ,&nbsp;Chun-Chieh Lai ,&nbsp;Fu-Chin Huang ,&nbsp;Sung-Huei Tseng ,&nbsp;Yi-Chen Chen ,&nbsp;Chung-Han Ho ,&nbsp;Wei-Chen Lin ,&nbsp;Yi-Hsun Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This retrospective study aimed to investigate demographic characteristics, predisposing factors, and clinical outcomes in patients with parasitic keratitis.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Medical records of patients with molecularly confirmed <em>Acanthamoeba</em> or microsporidia, identified through corneal scraping specimens (collected between September 21, 2017, and June 27, 2023), were reviewed. Demographic data, clinical profiles, such as symptom duration before confirmed diagnosis, antiviral treatment pre-diagnosis, contact lens use, tap water and soil contamination, ocular trauma, and treatment regimens, were analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifty PCR-confirmed cases included 35 <em>Acanthamoeba</em> keratitis (AK) and 15 microsporidia keratitis (MK). Of these, 23 males and 27 females, aged 8 to 81, showed a significant difference (p = 0.02) in the distribution of farmers between the AK and MK groups. Mean symptom durations pre-diagnosis were 27.6 days (range: 1–180) in AK and 11.47 days (range: 1–60) in MK. AK cases exhibited a higher prevalence of stromal involvement (p &lt; 0.05) and contact lens use (p &lt; 0.001), while more MK patients had a history of soil contamination (p = 0.016). Univariable analysis linked stromal keratitis, symptom duration, and pre-diagnosis antiviral treatment to prolonged time to stability. In the multivariable model, only symptom duration predicted extended time to stability, with an expected increase of 0.65 days for each additional pre-diagnosis day.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study underscores the significance of parasitic keratitis in Southern Taiwan, emphasizing the necessity of incorporating PCR as an effective diagnostic tool to enhance the routine identification of these rare conditions, moving beyond reliance on standard conventional methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 3","pages":"Pages 363-367"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143054355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effect between taurine-induced silver ion and itraconazole against azole-resistant Candida species and Candida auris","authors":"Yu-Cin Deng ,&nbsp;Chi-Jen Shih ,&nbsp;Shang-Yi Lin ,&nbsp;Liang-Chun Wang ,&nbsp;Tsung-Ying Yang ,&nbsp;Sung-Pin Tseng","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Azole antifungals are the first-line choice for treating candidiasis within a limited antifungal option. However, azole-resistant <em>Candida</em> species have increased rapidly, causing severe clinical threats, especially multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates. The emergence of <em>Candida auris</em> has also caused global concerns recently.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Herein, we evaluated the antifungal activity of taurine-induced silver ions (Tau-Ag), prepared by the induction from silver-incorporated mesoporous bioactive glass to address this issue.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our data demonstrated that minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Tau-Ag ranged from 0.020 to 0.078 mg/mL in 24h and from 0.039 to 0.156 mg/mL in 48h. No hemolysis and cytotoxicity were observed at the MICs. Furthermore, no <em>in vivo</em> toxicity related to Tau-Ag was observed in a <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> model.</div><div>In the investigation of antifungal mechanisms, we observed that the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level significantly increased when <em>Candida</em> spp. treated with Tau-Ag. Biofilm formation inhibition assays found that Tau-Ag may penetrate the biofilm and eliminate biofilm-forming cells. In the time-kill method, Tau-Ag showed a long-lasting fungistatic effect and superior antifungal effect compared to itraconazole alone. Furthermore, Tau-Ag showed synergistic antifungal effects in combination with itraconazole, effectively restoring its activity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our results confirmed the potential of Tau-Ag and its combination use with itraconazole to serve as a novel antifungal agent to combat the plight of administration on azole-resistant and MDR <em>Candida</em> spp. and <em>C. auris</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 3","pages":"Pages 347-355"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}