Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness comparison between ceftazidime-avibactam and carbapenem-based regimens in nosocomial carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections.","authors":"Ruei-Chang Huang, Li-Ying Chen, Ying-Chuan Wang, Chun-Hsiang Chiu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections (CRKP BSI) are associated with high mortality rates and limited treatment options. This study compared the outcomes between ceftazidime-avibactam and carbapenem-based regimens in patients with nosocomial CRKP BSI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a single-center, retrospective, observational study that analyzed adult patients with nosocomial CRKP BSI from January 2018 to December 2023. Patients were divided into ceftazidime-avibactam (n = 47) and carbapenem-based regimen (n = 54) groups. Primary outcomes included 7-, 14-, 21-, and 28-day mortality rates, microbiological cure rates, and length of hospital stay. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ceftazidime-avibactam group showed significantly lower 7-day mortality (8.51 % vs. 25.93 %, p = 0.043) and higher survival rates in Kaplan-Meier analysis (p = 0.021). Multivariate analysis revealed that ceftazidime-avibactam significantly reduced 7-day mortality (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.182, 95 % CI: 0.050-0.660, p = 0.010). Leukemia significantly increased both 7-day and all-cause mortality. Elevated white blood cell counts, and C-reactive protein levels were associated with increased mortality risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ceftazidime-avibactam demonstrated superior short-term survival benefits compared to carbapenem-based regimens in treating nosocomial CRKP BSI. However, long-term outcomes were more influenced by underlying conditions and inflammatory status.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics difference of hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae with different capsular serotypes.","authors":"Cong Zhou, Wencai Ke, Hui Zhang, Maosuo Xu, Baoyu Yuan, Yong Lin, Fang Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>KL1, KL2 CR-hvKP and KL64, KL47 hv-CRKP all exhibit overlapping multidrug resistance and hypervirulence phenotypes, but the differences in epidemiological, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics between them remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we collected non-repeated hv-CRKP/CR-hvKP isolates in a tertiary hospital in Shanghai, China from January 2019 to December 2022. Furthermore, we selected four typical hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, including ST23-KL1/ST86-KL2 CR-hvKP (WYKP3 and WYKP194) and ST11-KL64/ST11-KL47 hv-CRKP (WYKP589 and WYKP188), and tried to clarify and compare their differences in virulence and drug resistance characteristics and plasmid distribution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study found that ST23-KL1 and ST86-KL2 CR-hvKP exhibited less plasmid diversity than that of ST11-KL64 and ST11-KL47 hv-CRKP. Compared with ST11-KL64 and ST11-KL47 hv-CRKP, ST23-KL1/ST86-KL2 CR-hvKP harbored significantly fewer antimicrobial resistance genes but more virulence genes, which contributed to the higher virulence of these strains and exhibited resistance to fewer antibiotics. ST11-KL64 hv-CRKP has emerged as the most prevalent hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae probably due to its clonal transmission within hospitals as well as the transmission of virulence plasmids with the help of conjugative resistance plasmids.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Due to the different evolutionary mechanisms of hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae with different capsular serotypes, the epidemiological, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of KL1, KL2 CR-hvKP and KL64, KL47 hv-CRKP are different.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendation for immune prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children.","authors":"Ping-Ing Lee, Yhu-Chering Huang, Chih-Jung Chen, Cheng-Hsun Chiu, Po-Yen Chen, Chun-Yi Lu, Ching-Chuan Liu, Nan-Chang Chiu, Hsin Chi, Chien-Yu Lin, Chun Yi Lee, Shuenn-Nan Chiu, Mei-Jy Jeng, Kuang-Che Kuo, Ren-Bin Tang, Yung-Feng Huang, Hui-Hsien Pan, Ming-Fang Cheng, Li-Min Huang, Ya-Li Hu, Tzou-Yien Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common pathogen for young children hospitalized with bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Most infections occur below 1 year of age, and almost all children have been infected before 2 years of age. Monoclonal antibodies targeting RSV, such as palivizumab and nirsevimab, are accessible for preventing infection. A committee, consisting of experts in infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and neonatal diseases in children, was assembled by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society of Taiwan. Collaborating with the Child Health Research Center at the National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan Pediatric Association, and Taiwan Society of Neonatology, the committee worked to formulate recommendations for immune prophylaxis against RSV infection in children. Palivizumab is recommended for the prevention of RSV infection in high-risk infants under 1 year old with one of the following (1) premature infants with a gestational age <33 weeks, (2) premature infants with a gestational age <35 weeks with chronic lung disease or (3) infants with hemodynamically significant CHD. Nirsevimab is recommended for the prevention of RSV infection in all infants <12 months. The recommendation is not intended as a sole source of guidance in the prevention of RSV infection in children. The provisions listed in this recommendation are comprehensive suggestions made by pediatric experts in Taiwan based on existing medical evidence. This recommendation should be subject to modification in light of additional medical research findings in the future, and these provisions should not be cited as a basis for dispute resolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143544603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of bloodstream infection and its impact on mortality in septic arthritis: A 15-year review.","authors":"Yongseop Lee, Yong Chan Kim, Jaeeun Seong, Sangmin Ahn, Min Han, Jung Ah Lee, Jung Ho Kim, Jin Young Ahn, Nam Su Ku, Jun Yong Choi, Joon-Sup Yeom, Su Jin Jeong","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Septic arthritis is frequently complicated by bloodstream infection (BSI), which can lead to metastatic infections and sepsis. In the current study, we aimed to identify risk factors for septic arthritis-related BSI and assess its impact on clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective review spanning 15 years (January 2009 to May 2023) was conducted on patients diagnosed with septic arthritis. Data from patients with positive synovial fluid cultures were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 456 patients with septic arthritis, 16.8 % (n = 77) developed BSI. The 90-day mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with BSI than in those without BSI (14.3 % vs. 5.3 %, p = 0.004). Staphylococcus aureus was the most commonly identified organism in synovial fluid cultures, and the presence of S. aureus infection was associated with an increased risk of BSI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.20; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 1.15-4.34; p = 0.019). Independent risk factors for BSI included a higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (aOR, 1.23; 95 % CI, 1.06-1.44; p = 0.009), lymphopenia (aOR, 2.84; 95 % CI, 1.38-6.15; p = 0.006), and elevated C-reactive protein (mg/dL) levels (aOR, 1.07; 95 % CI, 1.05-1.10; p < 0.001). Age ≥70 years (aOR, 3.96; 95 % CI, 1.49-11.85; p = 0.009) and a higher SOFA score (aOR, 1.36; 95 % CI, 1.12-1.67; p = 0.002) were significant predictors of 90-day mortality, although BSI itself was not.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mortality in patients with septic arthritis was primarily associated with systemic sepsis due to BSI rather than BSI itself. Understanding the relationship between septic arthritis-related BSI and clinical outcomes could aid physicians in managing systemic infections and improving patient care.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symptom-based Kikuchi disease subtypes: Clinical scenarios across specialties in Taiwan with temporal trends analysis.","authors":"Shan-Chi Yu, Tseng-Cheng Chen, Chun-Nan Chen, Tsung-Lin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We propose a subtyping system for Kikuchi disease based on chief complaints and fever status.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A chart review of 388 patients diagnosed with Kikuchi disease.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The subtypes afebrile lymphadenopathy (aLAP), febrile lymphadenopathy (FebLAP), and febrile accounted for 68 %, 18 %, and 14 % of cases, respectively. aLAP patients were older (median 26 years), predominantly female, had fewer laboratory abnormalities, and a lower recurrence rate (5 %). In contrast, the febrile type included younger patients (median 17 years), predominantly male, with more laboratory abnormalities and a higher recurrence rate (20 %). FebLAP exhibited intermediate characteristics. Otolaryngology had the highest number of patients (272, 70 %), mainly with aLAP, typically diagnosed via outpatient needle biopsy, with a short follow-up duration. Infectious disease specialists (adult and pediatric) managed 67 patients (17 %), often encountering the febrile type, with patients frequently seen in the emergency room or hospitalized, diagnosed via surgical biopsy, and followed up more intensively and over longer periods. Approximately 9 % of patients were referred to rheumatology; these patients more frequently used disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and steroids and were followed for an extended duration. From 2005 to 2022, the incidence of Kikuchi disease has doubled, driven by otolaryngologists' aggressive use of ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy to diagnose more aLAP cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients of different subtypes exhibit distinct characteristics, including demographic and laboratory data, recurrence rates, medical-seeking behaviors, diagnostic methods, treatments, and follow-up approaches, underscoring the clinical significance of this subtyping system. Changes in biopsy methods have led to the diagnosis of more aLAP cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143587746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytomegalovirus-related thrombocytopenia in two immunocompetent siblings following vertical transmission through Breast milk.","authors":"Yuan-Ning Yang, Yung-Chieh Lin, Chao-Neng Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143558917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes causing invasive infections among adults in Portugal, 2016-2019: Pre-COVID-19 expansion of the M1_UK sublineage.","authors":"Ana Friães, Rafael Mamede, Beatriz Santos, José Melo-Cristino, Mario Ramirez","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Genome-based epidemiological surveillance of Streptococcus pyogenes (Lancefield Group A Streptococcus, GAS) infections facilitated the detection of emergent successful lineages, such as the M1_UK sublineage. This sublineage dominated the post-COVID-19 upsurge of invasive GAS infections (iGAS) in multiple countries, including Portugal. Here, we characterized the genetic lineages causing iGAS in Portugal during 2016-2019 to evaluate possible temporal trends and compare them with internationally circulating lineages.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed for 273 iGAS isolates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The dominant emm types were emm1 (n = 87), emm3 (n = 37), and emm89 (n = 26), collectively comprising 55 % of all isolates (n = 273). Throughout the study, the M1_UK sublineage increased in prevalence, accounting for 48 % of all emm1 isolates. Core-genome multilocus sequence typing supports multiple introductions of M1_UK in Portugal pre-COVID-19, and a limited relatedness to the M1_UK isolates recovered during the post-COVID-19 surge in pediatric iGAS. Several internationally disseminated lineages expressing various emm types were identified. Mutations inactivating key regulators of virulence (CovRS and RopB) and in the capsule locus were found in a significant fraction of isolates. Macrolide resistance was primarily associated with the erm(A) and erm(B) genes and remained low (4 %), highlighting differences between Europe and North America.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite adult iGAS in Portugal being caused by geographically widespread, successful GAS lineages that may be repeatedly introduced in the country, including M1_UK, there was no apparent increase in disease. This is consistent with upsurges of iGAS post-COVID-19 not being driven primarily by the emergence or introduction of novel GAS clones.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An insight of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 genomic profile in Indonesia.","authors":"Ratna Fathma Sari, Fadilah Fadilah, Yustinus Maladan, Rosantia Sarassari, Miftahuddin Majid Khoeri, Kuntjoro Harimurti, Lindawati Alimsardjono, Dodi Safari","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 3 (SPN3) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) implementation. We explored genomic profile of SPN3 from children and adult groups to understand population structure and evolution dynamics of SPN3 in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We undertook whole genome sequencing (WGS) from 19 isolates of SPN3 in Indonesia between 2017 and 2021 prior to PCV introduction. This study assessed sequence types (STs), global pneumococcal sequence cluster (GPSC), genome prediction of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile, pangenome analysis, phylogenetic tree, and genome comparative of capsular polysaccharide (cps) locus.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified ST451-GPSC234 (n = 5) and ST180-GPSC12 (n = 4), ST458-GPSC51 (n = 2), ST3805-GPSC12 (n = 2), ST4909-GPSC363 (n = 2), ST700-GPSC10 (n = 1), ST5292-GPSC309 (n = 1), ST505-GPSC12 (n = 1), and ST4233 (n = 1). Genome prediction of AMR discover isolates were resistant to tetracycline (n = 5); co-resistant of chloramphenicol and tetracycline (n = 2); co-trimoxazole and tetracycline (n = 1). We observed SPN3 possess closed pangenome characteristic, indicates more stable genetic repertoire. We found 5 absent genes in cps locus including cpsABCD and tnp in ST700-GPSC10 lineage.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>SPN3 has potential genomic profile to enhance the ability of this strain to endure selective pressure such as PCV introduction.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of CCL2/CCR2 axis in pulmonary fibrosis induced by respiratory viruses.","authors":"Shuangyan Li, Mingming Pan, Hui Zhao, Yanming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory virus infection is an important cause of both community acquired pneumonia and hospital-acquired pneumonia. Various respiratory viruses, including influenza virus, avian influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, result in severe fibrosis sequelae after the acute phase. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, respiratory virus infection, as an important cause of pulmonary fibrosis, has attracted increasing attention around the world. Respiratory virus infection usually triggers robust inflammation responses, leading to large amounts of proinflammatory mediator production, such as chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), a critical chemokine involved in the recruitment of various inflammatory cells. Moreover, CCL2 plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of fibrosis progression, through regulating recruitment of bone marrow-derived monocytes and increasing the expression of extracellular matrix proteins. This review provided a concise overview of the common fibrosis sequelae after virus infection. Then we discussed the elevated levels of CCL2 in various respiratory virus infection, underscoring its potent profibrotic role. Targeting the CCL2/CCR2 axis holds promise for alleviating fibrosis sequelae post-acute virus infection and warrants further investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of 30 protocol combinations for the detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in stool samples.","authors":"Eloïse Bailly, Chloé Baranton, Stéphane Valot, Anne Vincent, Hervé Begue, Corentin Beclere, Alain Bonnin, Damien Costa, Philippe Poirier, Louise Basmaciyan, Frédéric Dalle","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intestinal parasitic diseases affect millions of people worldwide. Numerous commercial molecular methods detecting digestive parasites have been developed recently, including multiplex PCR assays able to identify multiple parasites at once. Several studies have demonstrated that the efficacy of these molecular methods is dependent on the specific protocols employed at each stage of the process including pretreatment, extraction and amplification. However, previous studies have exclusively focused on one of these steps, without considering the others. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the performances of molecular tools for Cryptosporidium parvum detection in stool samples, considering all steps of the process simultaneously.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>30 distinct combinations of protocols were evaluated corresponding to three pre-treatment methods, four DNA extraction techniques and six DNA amplification assays. The performances of these combinations were evaluated in terms of detection limit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We showed that different combinations yielded varying results. The FTD® Stool Parasite technique proved to be the most effective, achieving 100 % detection. Manual extraction methods demonstrated excellent outcomes, although they are time-consuming. The optimal approach for detecting C. parvum DNA is a combination of mechanical pretreatment, the Nuclisens® Easymag® extraction method, and the FTD® Stool Parasite DNA amplification method.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This work shows that the molecular diagnosis should consider all stages. A PCR method may not be effective with an unsuitable extraction technique, but can yield optimal results with an appropriate one.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}