Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection最新文献

{"title":"A 71-year-old man with fever and small pulmonary nodules following repeated choking.","authors":"Bo-Ming Huang, Wen-Chia Tsai, Po-Lin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiometabolic multimorbidity in aging adults with HIV: Real-world evidence from a care cohort in Taiwan.","authors":"Sheng-Jie Yeh, Chia-Wen Li, Ching-Lung Lo, Po-Lin Chen, Bo-Ming Huang, Po-Hsuan Tseng, Wen-Chien Ko, Ming-Chi Li, Nan-Yao Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As the population of people living with HIV (PLWH) ages, the burden of non-cardiometabolic diseases-including diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and hyperlipidemia-has increased. However, data on age-specific cardiometabolic multimorbidity and real-world treatment gaps remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study of 227 PLWH aged ≥50 years at a tertiary HIV center in Taiwan, stratified into premature-old (50-64 years) and old (≥65 years) groups. We assessed prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of cardiometabolic conditions, and applied Taiwan National Health Insurance(TNHI) criteria to evaluate statin eligibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 227 PLWH, 182 were aged 50-64 (premature-old) and 45 were ≥65 (old). At follow-up, the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia reached 32.2 %, 48.5 %, and 76.2 %, respectively. Multimorbidity increased from 28.0 % to 46.7 % in premature-old group and 48.9 %-73.3 % in old group. Risk factors for DM included body mass index (BMI) ≥24.0 kg/m² and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) <40 mg/dL. Risk factors for hypertension included HIV diagnosis >5 years, BMI ≥24.0 kg/m², HDL-C <40 mg/dL, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and specific antiretroviral regimens. BMI ≥24.0 kg/m², HDL-C <40 and CKD increased the risks for hyperlipidemia. Among statin non-users, 33.3 % of premature-old and 40.0 % of old patients met TNHI eligibility criteria.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cardiometabolic multimorbidity is common among aging PLWH in Taiwan. The premature-old group showed considerable disease burden and treatment gaps, indicating missed prevention opportunities. These findings emphasize the need for age-appropriate, integrated care approaches to address the evolving health challenges in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144735584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of ten-day bismuth quadruple therapy for first-line anti-Helicobacter pylori infection in the elderly- A multicenter real-world report.","authors":"Kuo-Hsuan Huang, Wei-Chen Tai, Feng-Woey Tsay, Pin-I Hsu, Deng-Chyang Wu, Song-Seng Loke, Chih-Chien Yao, Seng-Kee Chuah, Chih-Ming Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Aging may influence the effectiveness of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 10-day bismuth quadruple therapy as a first-line treatment for H. pylori infection in elderly individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from September 2018 to December 2021 in southern Taiwan. All patients received 10-day quadruple therapy consisting of rabeprazole 20 mg twice daily, bismuth subcitrate 120 mg four times daily, metronidazole 500 mg three times daily, and tetracycline 500 mg four times daily. Patients were categorized into two groups: an elderly group (aged ≥65) and a control group (aged <65).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 231 naive patients receiving 10-day quadruple therapy. The eradication rates in the elderly and control groups were 80.3 % (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 68.1 %-89.4 %) and 85.3 % (95 % CI: 79.1 %-90.3 %) (P = 0.364), respectively, in the intention-to-treat analysis. In the per-protocol analysis, eradication rates were 89.1 % (95 % CI: 77.8 %-95.9 %) for the elderly group and 94.8 % (95 % CI: 90.0 %-97.7 %) for the control group (P = 0.149). Adverse event rates were 34.5 % in the elderly group and 27.5 % in the control group (P = 0.322). Compliance was slightly lower in the elderly group than the control group (89.1 % vs. 95.4 %, P = 0.096).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The efficacy of 10-day bismuth quadruple therapy as a first-line treatment for H. pylori was comparable between elderly and non-elderly cohorts, with similar levels of adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory Networks in Helicobacter pylori: The Roles of Two-Component Systems and CsrA in Stress Adaptation.","authors":"Pei-Yun Kuo, Cheng-Yen Kao","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major human pathogen, infecting nearly half of the global population. It has evolved remarkable adaptability to the harsh gastric environment, contributing to gastrointestinal diseases and gastric cancer. During infection, H. pylori encounters various environmental stresses, including acidity, reactive species, metal ion fluctuations, and osmotic changes. Two-component systems (TCSs) are key regulatory mechanisms that enable bacteria to respond to such environmental stimuli. Compared to other gram-negative bacteria, H. pylori encodes a relatively limited number of TCSs, consisting of four (ArsRS, CrdRS, FlgRS, and CheY1Y2A) along with two orphan regulators (HP1021 and HsrA). These systems regulate gene transcription, playing essential roles in bacterial adaptation and survival. Additionally, the global regulator CsrA, positioned at the center of the regulatory hierarchy, orchestrates stress response mechanisms. This review summarizes how H. pylori utilizes TCSs and CsrA to modulate cellular responses under environmental stresses. We further explore potential interactions among these regulators and discuss the feasibility of targeting TCSs and CsrA as alternative strategies for H. pylori treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144568141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular mechanisms and targets underlying immune evasion by human cytomegalovirus.","authors":"Yitian Shen, Liang Zhang, Xiangyang Xue, Shiyu Feng","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) establishes lifelong latency in humans largely through the evolution of sophisticated immune evasion strategies that allow it to escape recognition and clearance by the host immune system. While significant progress has been made in elucidating the mechanisms underlying HCMV immune evasion, the precise regulation of host immune responses that enables viral persistence remains incompletely understood. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on HCMV immune evasion, with a particular emphasis on the functions of HCMV-encoded genes. We examine how these gene products impair immune cell responses, inhibit interferon production, reshape the immune microenvironment, and interact synergistically to promote viral latency and long-term persistence. Furthermore, we also explore the potential involvement of HCMV in the pathogenesis of cancer and autoimmune diseases, aiming to bridge molecular mechanisms with clinical implications and provide insights for the prevention and treatment of HCMV and related conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Javanicin inhibits the secretion of hepatitis B virus particles thorough the proteasome-dependent degradation of core protein.","authors":"Nayeon Park, Gwang-Hoon Ko, Yun Seo Park, Jung-Ah Kang, Sang Hee Shim, Sung-Gyoo Park","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is the primary cause of liver disease. Nucleot(s)ide analogues such as Entecavir are commonly used to treat HBV infection; however, although these drugs attenuate the virus, they are not a cure. Therefore, it is important to find a novel anti-HBV compounds that enable complete remission of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We screened 190 natural product libraries using the HepG2.2.15 cell line. Additionally, anti-HBV activities were assessed across genotypes C and D. The mechanism underlying the inhibition of HBV replication by the identified compound was elucidated through cell-based assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified a hit compound called Javanicin, which is derived from the endophytic fungus JS169. The IC₅₀ of Javanicin is < 500 nM, and the selectivity index (SI = CC₅₀/IC₅₀) is > 10. Javanicin induced proteasome-mediated degradation of the HBV core protein, and reduced the amount of HBV capsid protein. Javanicin and Entecavir acted synergistically, and were more effective than either drug alone. Additionally, structural analysis showed that Javanicin carries several modifiable moieties, which may lead to development of derivatives.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Javanicin is a novel class of HBV capsid assembly inhibitors, functioning by inducing proteasome-mediated degradation. Furthermore, when paired with Entecavir, Javanicin holds potential as a curative treatment for CHB.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of haptoglobin gene deletion and antibodies against haptoglobin in a patient with severe anaphylactic transfusion reaction.","authors":"Kao-Yu Chang, Kuan-Hua Chu, Mei-Hwa Lin, Chun-Min Kang, Shyh-Chyi Lo","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of climate change on prevalence of pollen sensitization in northern Taiwan.","authors":"Yu-Jung Liang, Bor-Luen Chiang, Chun-Min Kang, Kuan-Hua Chu, Yao-Hsu Yang, Yu-Tsan Lin, Jyh-Hong Lee, Hsin-Hui Yu, Ya-Chiao Hu, Li-Chieh Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pollen sensitization is not as common as mite sensitization in Taiwan. The dearth of regional aeropalynological studies and relevant clinical analyses has, therefore, led to an underestimation of the prevalence of pollen allergies. To investigate this impact, we evaluated the alteration of pollen sensitization and its association with climate change in northern Taiwan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We enrolled the patients from National Taiwan University Hospital who lived in Taipei and New Taipei City, tested positive for pollen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) on an OPTIGEN® allergen-specific IgE assay, and had relevant symptoms. Their data were cross-referenced with climate data from the Central Weather Bureau for the same period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 11,895 patients were enrolled, of whom 930 (7.8 %) tested positive for pollen-specific IgE. Black willow was the most common pollen allergen identified. According to the Cochran-Armitage test, the annual sensitization to Bermuda grass, Japanese cedar, pigweed, ragweed mix, and black willow pollen varied significantly. According to Spearman's correlation test, the annual sensitization to Bermuda grass, white mulberry, ragweed mix, timothy grass, and black willow positively correlated with the mean winter temperature, whereas that to white mulberry and timothy grass negatively correlated with mean winter rainfall.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The pollen sensitization pattern has changed gradually in northern Taiwan over recent years. Warm mean temperatures and low mean rainfall in winter significantly correlated with annual sensitization to some pollen allergens. Climate change may have exacerbated the prevalence of pollen sensitization, and the emerging burden of pollen allergies should not be neglected in Taiwan.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disproportionate presentation of Mpox among people with HIV: A multicenter retrospective cohort study in Taiwan.","authors":"Andrew Po-Liang Chen, Chien-Yu Cheng, Chun-Yuan Lee, Wang-Da Liu, Mao-Wang Ho, Wei-Yen Chen, Tun-Chieh Chen, Bo-Huang Liou, Han-Chuan Chuang, Mao-Song Tsai, Meng-Yu Cheng, Hung-Jen Tang, Hung-Chin Tsai, Mei-Hui Lee, Kai-Hsiang Chen, Chen-Hsiang Lee, Chia-Wei Liu, Yi-Chien Lee, Cheng-Hsun Yang, Chia-Jui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>By June 2024, Taiwan reported 381 Mpox virus (MPXV) cases and one death. This study aims to analyze the characteristics and clinical presentations during the first outbreak of Mpox in Taiwan.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted across 16 hospitals and included patients aged 20 and older diagnosed with Mpox between May 2022 and March 2024. Data on demographics, symptoms, medication, vaccination history, and laboratory results were collected. Patients with HIV (PWH) were classified based on their HIV plasma viral load (PVL): undetectable viral load (UDVL) was defined as PVL<50 copies/ml, while detectable viral load (DVL) was higher. Statistical analyses examined differences among HIV-negative individuals, PWH with UDVL, and PWH with DVL, with P < .05 considered significant.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 178 patients were analyzed; 99.4 % were male, with 94.9 % identifying as gay, bisexual, or men who have sex with men. Two-thirds were PWH, and among them, two-thirds had UDVL. PWH with UDVL showed a lower incidence of concurrent STIs compared to those with DVL (P < .05), with syphilis being the most common STI. The vaccination rate against MPXV was about 7 %, with only nine patients vaccinated prior to acquiring the infection. Symptoms often included fever, and infections predominantly affected the genitourinary system. The number of vesicles was significantly associated with PVL (P < .05), with UDVL patients exhibiting fewer vesicles and less confluent skin lesions than those with DVL.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Most MPXV infections in Taiwan occur among PWH, particularly those with UDVL. Enhanced screening, vaccination efforts, and integrated STI testing are crucial in addressing this outbreak.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An immunochromatographic device to detect antibodies for rapid diagnosis of human angiostrongyliasis in whole-blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples.","authors":"Patcharaporn Boonroumkaew, Lakkhana Sadaow, Nongnapas Kanchanangkul, Rutchanee Rodpai, Oranuch Sanpool, Pewpan M Intapan, David Blair, Wanchai Maleewong","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human angiostrongyliasis is caused by the rat lung worm, Angiostrongylus cantonensis and is often a cause of eosinophilic meningitis (EOM) or meningoencephalitis. Humans are infected by consuming infective larvae from intermediate hosts (snails and slugs), paratenic hosts or contaminated vegetables. Here, a simple and rapid antibody-detection lateral-flow immunochromatographic test (ICT) was developed as a point-of-care tool for supporting diagnosis of human angiostrongyliasis. We also tested the ICT with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated a new ICT format using a recombinant A. cantonensis galectin-2 (rAcGal2) protein as a target for anti-A. cantonensis IgG antibodies in simulated whole-blood samples (WBSs) and compared results with those obtained using corresponding serum samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sensitivity and specificity values for IgG antibody detection in simulated WBSs were 82.0 (95 % CI 73.1-89.0) and 97.1 (95 % CI 93.3-99.0), while in serum samples these were 92.0 (95 % CI 84.8-96.5), and 97.1 (95 % CI 93.3-99.0), respectively. Results between simulated WBSs and serum samples did not differ significantly with a concordance of 96.3 % (Cohen's kappa 0.9177). Anti-Angiostrongylus antibodies were also detected in CSF samples: 12 out of 16 EOM cases were positive while all 10 CSF samples from control cases were negative.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The ICT is easy to implement and can provide supportive diagnosis at the bedside or in local and remote hospitals with limited facilities. An additional benefit is that it can be used with CSF samples obtained by lumbar puncture for management of high intracranial pressure of EOM patients in intensive care units.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144555960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}