Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection最新文献

{"title":"Levofloxacin is as effective as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the treatment of pertussis: A prospective observational study.","authors":"Chuning Wang, Jingjing Li, Hailing Chang, He Tian, Jiehao Cai, Mingliang Chen, Zhongqiu Wei, Mei Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral levofloxacin verse trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) for the treatment of macrolides-resistant pertussis in pediatric outpatients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective observational study was conducted at a pediatric pertussis outpatient clinic during the pertussis outbreak in 2024. For eligible children with PCR-confirmed pertussis, administration of either levofloxacin (8-10 mg/kg/dose, once or twice daily) or TMP-SMX (4-20 mg/kg/dose, twice daily) depended on parents' preference. Effectiveness and safety were evaluated for the 5-14 days duration of levofloxacin and TMP-SMX treatment in terms of alleviation of cough symptoms, bacteriologic clearance of Bordetella pertussis and adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 193 enrolled pertussis cases, eighty-four (43.53 %) received levofloxacin and 109 (56.48 %) received TMP-SMX. After completing treatment, paroxysmal cough resolved or improved in 96.43 % of levofloxacin group and 94.50 % (103/109) of TMP-SMX group (p = 0.554). Nocturnal cough resolved or improved in 98.81 % of levofloxacin group and in 98.17 % of TMP-SMX group (p = 0.057). There was no significant difference in bacteriologic clearance rate between levofloxacin group and TMP-SMX group determined by PCR (92.00 % vs 87.06 %, p = 0.378) and culture (100 % vs 100 %, p > 0.378). Symptom resolution rate did not differ significantly among patients treated for 5 or 7 days with either levofloxacin or TMP-SMX. Adverse events were reported in 9.2 % of TMP-SMX-treated patients and 2.4 % of levofloxacin-treated patients (p < 0.05). Drug rash was reported in nine (8.26 %) TMP-SMX-treated patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Oral levofloxacin showed a comparable clinical effectiveness and a favorable safety profile to TMP-SMX for the treatment of non-severe pertussis with a 5-7 days course in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular and humoral immunity following two AZD1222 and two booster vaccinations in hemodialysis patients.","authors":"Tsai-Chieh Ling, Po-Lin Chen, Jen-Ren Wang, Wen-Chien Ko, Chiao-Hsuan Chao, Chi-Chang Shieh, Jia-Ling Wu, Chien-Yao Sun, Wei-Ren Lin, Chieh-Hsin Huang, Yu-Tzu Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dialysis patients are vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent complications. However, the vaccine-induced immunity, especially against new variants, following two AZD1222 and two booster doses in hemodialysis patients remain largely unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this observational cohort study, we monitored immune responses in 127 hemodialysis patients receiving the 3^rd and 4th vaccinations until three months after the 4th immunization. Humoral and cellular immunity were assessed by anti-SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain(RBD) antibody, neutralizing antibodies against the ancestral virus, delta, omicron BA.1 and BA.2 and SARS-CoV-2 specific IFN-γ releasing assay (Covi-FERON).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The primary series and the fourth dose predominantly consisted of two-dose AZD1222 and mRNA-1273, respectively. The most common vaccines chosen for the third dose was mRNA-1273(n = 84), following by BNT 162b2(n = 38). Anti-RBD antibody increased to 13803.8 and 18197U/ml after the 3^rd and 4th vaccination, respectively, but dropped to 8709.6U/ml three months after the fourth vaccination. One month after the fourth vaccination, 99 %,98 %,51.5 % and 93.9 % participants had neutralizing antibodies against the ancestral virus, delta, omicron BA.1 and BA.2, respectively. 87.9 % and 81.8 % patients reacted to the ancestral or alpha and beta or gamma spike antigens in Covi-FERON, respectively, after four vaccinations. Higher Covi-FERON reactions were associated with increased IL-2 and IL-4 secretion. In linear mixed effect models, mRNA-1273 as the third vaccination was associated higher anti-RBD antibody titers and higher neutralization against the ancestral virus and delta compared with BNT162b2 but with higher mild adverse events following vaccination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Two AZD1222 and two mRNA booster doses confer substantial humoral and cellular immunity against variants including omicron in hemodialysis patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal molecular epidemiology of ceftriaxone-resistant enterobacterales in intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections: A decade-long SMART surveillance study in Taiwan (2009-2019).","authors":"Yu-Hsun Li, Po-Liang Lu, Shang-Yi Lin, Po-Ren Hsueh, Wen-Chien Ko, Chun-Eng Liu, Hung-Jen Tang, Fu-Der Wang, Yao-Shen Chen, Shih-Ming Tsao, Mao-Wang Ho, Ya-Ting Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales is a recognized global concern. This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of β-lactamase genes and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacterales causing intra-abdominal and urinary tract infections in Taiwan between 2009 and 2019.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from the SMART surveillance program were analyzed, including Enterobacterales isolates with ceftriaxone minimum inhibitory concentrations ≥4 μg/mL. β-lactamase genes were detected using multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall ceftriaxone-resistant rate among Enterobacterales was 28.2 %, with a significant annual increase in ceftriaxone-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in both community- and hospital-acquired infections. Among the 2614 ceftriaxone-resistant isolates, the most common species were Escherichia coli (58.4 %), K. pneumoniae (16.3 %), and Enterobacter cloacae (9.9 %). Of all ceftriaxone-resistant isolates, 27.8 % carried only AmpC genes, 38.8 % carried only ESBL genes, and 16.2 % harbored both. High carriage rates of AmpC-encoding genes were observed in E. coli (38.9 %) and K. pneumoniae (48.9 %), with an overall prevalence of 44 %. The most common genotypes were bla_CMY (41.2 %), bla_DHA (31.8 %), and bla_ACT/bla_MIR (27 %). Ceftolozane/tazobactam showed poor susceptibility against ceftriaxone-resistant isolates carrying only AmpC (20.1 %) and most ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacterales (<55 %), except E. coli. Ertapenem demonstrated low susceptibility to K. pneumoniae, E. cloacae (both approximately 50 %), and isolates harboring only AmpC genes (57.9 %).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A high prevalence and diversity of AmpC genes were observed in E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The limited activity of ertapenem and ceftolozane/tazobactam suggests that the molecular mechanisms underlying ceftriaxone-resistant Enterobacterales in Taiwan are complex and likely involve factors beyond AmpC and ESBL carriage.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145006957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzyme-linked immunosorbent STI assays: development, current status and future perspective.","authors":"Po-Kai Chen, Po-Liang Lu, Etsuro Ito, Tsung-Ying Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to pose major public health challenges globally, with millions of new cases reported annually. The asymptomatic characteristic of many STIs makes accurate and cost-effective diagnostic methods essential for screening and diagnosis. This paper evaluates the utility of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) in diagnoses of HIV, HPV, HSV, HBV, HCV, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis and Treponema pallidum. Compared to nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs), ELISAs have advantages that include minimal training requirements, lower costs, and suitability for community screening programs. Despite their practical advantages, conventional ELISAs face key performance limitations, cross-reactivity, lower sensitivity, and delayed detection, that have restricted their broader adoption, reducing the potential for ELISAs to become a standard STI detection method. Currently, advancements in ultrasensitive and digital ELISA technologies have greatly improved their accuracy and may improve the dilemma. This review describes current ELISA methodologies, efficacies, and limitations as observed in and reported for clinical applications and offers a comprehensive perspective on essential STI diagnostic improvements, motivated by the belief that ELISA techniques can significantly contribute to the early detection, treatment, and containment of STIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative analysis of HbA1c, glycated albumin, and fasting plasma glucose for glycemic assessment in people living with HIV.","authors":"Chih-Wei Liang, Shin-Huei Kuo, Chun-Yuan Lee, Shang-Yi Lin, Ya-Ting Chang, Chung-Hao Huang, Tun-Chieh Chen, Chun-Yu Lin, Jih-Jin Tsai, Yen-Hsu Chen, Po-Liang Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People living with HIV (PLWH) are at increased risk for metabolic disorders, including diabetes and prediabetes. While hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) is widely used for glycemic assessment, its reliability in PLWH is questioned due to altered red blood cell turnover. Glycated albumin (GA) has been proposed as an alternative, but its diagnostic utility remains unclear in PLWH. This study aims to compare the correlations of HbA1c and GA with fasting plasma glucose (FPG), evaluate their diagnostic performance, and identify factors influencing discrepancies between them in PLWH.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cross-sectional study included 236 PLWH with documented FPG, HbA1c, and GA levels. Correlations between glycemic markers were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficients. Diagnostic performance for prediabetes and diabetes was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and a GA cut-off was determined using the Youden index. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify predictors of HbA1c-GA mismatch.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>HbA1c showed a moderate correlation with FPG (r = 0.33, p value < 0.001), while GA had a weaker correlation (r = 0.18, p value = 0.005). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for detecting glycemic abnormalities was 0.66 for HbA1c and 0.57 for GA. The optimal GA cut-off for prediabetes derived from ROC analysis was 12.42 %, improving sensitivity but reducing specificity. Multivariable analysis identified low mean corpuscular volume (MCV <80 fL) as an independent predictor of HbA1c-GA mismatch (odds ratio = 4.94, 95 % confidence interval: 1.95-12.50, pvalue < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HbA1c or GA alone do not reliably capture glycemic abnormalities in PLWH. A lower GA cut-off (12.42 %) for prediabetes improves sensitivity but remains suboptimal. A combined approach incorporating FPG is recommended to enhance prediabetes and diabetes screening accuracy in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144979948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-world viral effectiveness of two-drug versus three-drug regimens for HIV in Taiwan: Impact of adherence and treatment selection.","authors":"Tien-Heng Ku, Yi-Pei Lin, Chia-Yu Tsai, Po-Liang Lu, Shin-Huei Kuo, Shih-Hao Lo, Chun-Yuan Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is critical for successful viral suppression in people living with HIV (PLHIV). The comparative effectiveness of two-drug regimens (2DRs) versus three-drug regimens (3DRs)-particularly in Asian populations-is an underexplored topic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at two hospitals in Taiwan between November 2023 and January 2025. Adherence was measured in terms of the proportion of days covered (PDC) over 365 days. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the effectiveness of viral suppression and factors associated with regimen selection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 628 PLHIV included, most were men, aged between 30 and 50 years, identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender, and had received their diagnosis of HIV >5 years prior to this study. Among the participants receiving 3DRs (81.37 %), 3.72 % had viral loads exceeding 200 copies/mL. Regarding those receiving 2DRs (18.63 %), 2.56 % exhibited similar viral loads (p = 0.781). Multivariable analysis indicated that PDC ≥75 % was strongly associated with viral suppression (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 45.80, p < 0.0001), with no significant difference in viral suppression rates between regimens. The participants receiving 3DRs were less likely to have >75 % adherence (aOR = 0.18, p = 0.018) and to have a long HIV history (>5 years; aOR = 0.22, p = 0.041).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Adherence, not regimen type, is the key factor affecting viral suppression. Nevertheless, the findings should be cautiously interpreted because of potential bias and small subgroup sizes. Further prospective studies should evaluate the comparative efficacy of these regimens.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An interpretable machine learning approach to evaluate 30-day mortality risk in patients with community-onset bacteremia.","authors":"Chien-Chou Su, Ju-Ling Chen, Ching-Chi Lee, Chun-Te Li, Wen-Liang Lin, Ching-Lan Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Machine learning (ML) techniques are increasingly being used in health outcome research to develop predictive models. However, ML models are often referred to as \"black box models\" because they lack interpretability. Our goal was to develop an ML model to predict mortality risk in patients with community-onset bacteremia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 715 patients with bacteremia at a medical center in 2019. Model-agnostic methods were employed to visually explain the relationships between the predictors and the 30-day mortality risk. The model's performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration plots with the Brier score, accuracy, recall, precision, and F1 score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The top ten important predictors that significantly influenced the 30-day mortality prediction were the Pitt bacteremia score, septic shock, Charlson comorbidity index, length of stay in the ICU, neutrophil segment (%), age, neutrophil band (%), glucose, lymphocytes (%), and hemoglobin. The top three overall interaction strengths were septic shock, Charlson comorbidity index and Pitt bacteremia score, all of which significantly interacted with other predictors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ML revealed risk factors for 30-day mortality, including the Pitt bacteremia score, septic shock, age, pneumonia, and comorbidity, which also had multiple synergistic effects on 30-day mortality.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145002044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple organ dysfunction score for assessing patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome.","authors":"Jeong Rae Yoo, Sang Taek Heo, Misun Kim, Miyeon Kim, Myeong Jin Kang, Sora Kim, Hyunjoo Oh, Suhyun Oh, Su Yeon Kang, Keun Hwa Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/purpose: </strong>Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome (SFTS) is a tick-borne viral disease with high mortality rates. The Multiple Organ Dysfunction Score (MODS) is used for assessing organ dysfunction and predicting outcomes in critically ill patients. We aimed to evaluate the relationship between MODS and clinical outcomes in patients with SFTS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted an observational cohort study involving patients with SFTS between 2013 and 2023. Patients were categorized into four groups (0-1, 2-3, 4-5, and ≥6) based on their MODS at admission and day 7.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 97 patients with SFTS, the mean age was 62.4 years with 53.6 % males. The 7-day mortality rate for patients with MODS ≥6 was 37.5 %, compared to 0 % for those with MODS 0-1. Patients with MODS scores of 4-5 also showed high 7-day mortality (25.0 %). Higher MODS scores were significantly associated with elevated mortality rates. Viral loads and IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with MODS ≥6 than those with lower scores.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MODS is a valuable prognostic tool for assessing disease severity in patients with SFTS. Monitoring changes in MODS could improve outcomes by identifying patients who need aggressive treatment early in the disease course.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitigating unfavourable treatment outcomes and acquired rifampicin resistance in isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis: the role of fluoroquinolone.","authors":"Pin-Hui Lee, Ching-Han Liu, Pei-Chun Chan, Ya-Chun Yang, Po-Wei Chu, Chi-Fang Feng, Hsiu-Yun Lo, Chia-Chi Lee, Chen-Yuan Chiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rifampicin (RMP), ethambutol, and pyrazinamide (PZA) for 6-9 months were recommended for the management of isoniazid-resistant, rifampicin-susceptible tuberculosis (Hr-TB), but recommendations on fluoroquinolones (FQs) were inconsistent. We investigated treatment outcomes and acquired RMP resistance in Hr-TB compared to isoniazid-susceptible TB (Hs-TB).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively enrolled TB patients notified from 2010 to 2018 in Taiwan. Logistic regression model was constructed to estimate the odds of favourable outcomes and acquired RMP resistance. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to address selection bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>6115 Hr-TB and 71,184 Hs-TB were included. 25.6 % of Hr-TB and 24.7 % of Hs-TB had unfavourable treatment outcomes (p = 0.149). 0.9 % of Hr-TB and 0.1 % of Hs-TB had acquired RMP resistance (p < 0.001). In Hr-TB treated with RMP and PZA throughout regimens and Hs-TB treated with RMP throughout regimens, unfavourable treatment outcomes (16.1 % vs 13.3 %, p < 0.001), and acquired RMP resistance (1.0 % vs 0.1 %, p < 0.001) was significantly higher in Hr-TB than that in Hs-TB. Among Hr-TB, treatment with FQs were significantly associated with favourable outcomes (adjOR: 3.18, 95 % CI: 2.45-4.15) and less acquired RMP resistance (adjOR: 0.16, 95 % CI: 0.05-0.55). FQs remain significantly associated with favourable outcomes (adjOR 3.44, 95 % CI 2.56-4.63) after PSM. Of the 747 Hr-TB patients treated with a FQ, one (0.13 %) had acquired FQ resistance.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RMP and PZA throughout regimens did not completely remove the influence of isoniazid resistance. The use of FQs was associated with better treatment outcomes and a lower risk of acquired RMP resistance in Hr-TB but acquired FQ resistance may occur.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late-onset Streptococcus gallolyticus meningitis in a preterm neonate: A case report.","authors":"Po-Chun Liu, Yi-Li Hung, Chung-Min Shen, Wu-Shiun Hsieh","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144980088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}