Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection最新文献

{"title":"Signatures of lower respiratory tract microbiome in children with severe community-acquired pneumonia using shotgun metagenomic sequencing","authors":"Ting-Yu Yen ,&nbsp;Ching Hsu ,&nbsp;Ni-Chung Lee ,&nbsp;Chao-Szu Wu ,&nbsp;Hsin Wang ,&nbsp;Kuan-Yi Lee ,&nbsp;Chia-Ray Lin ,&nbsp;Chun-Yi Lu ,&nbsp;Mo-Li Tsai ,&nbsp;Tzu-Yu Liu ,&nbsp;Che Lin ,&nbsp;Chien-Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Luan-Yin Chang ,&nbsp;Feipei Lai ,&nbsp;Li-Min Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.11.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.11.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Severe community-acquired pneumonia was associated with high morbidity and mortality in children. However, species-level microbiome of lower airway was sparse, and we used shotgun metagenomic next-generation sequencing to explore microbial signatures.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a prospective cohort study to recruit children under 18 who required admission to an intensive care unit for community-acquired pneumonia between December 2019 and February 2022. Lower respiratory specimens were collected on admission for shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The children were divided into two groups. Critical cases were patients with respiratory failure requiring endotracheal ventilator support, and severe cases did not require intubation. Signatures of lower respiratory tract microbiome were compared between groups using an exact k-mer matching metagenomic analysis pipeline (Kraken 2) and a metagenome-assembled genomes pipeline (MetaWRAP).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Totally 66 children were enrolled, and 27 children were critical cases, and the rest were severe cases. There were significant differences in microbial community structure between different severity groups, and microbial abundance was negatively correlated with disease severity. The results showed that <em>Haemophilus influenzae</em> was more prominent in children who were critical, accompanied with increased expression of intracellular transport, secretion, and vesicle transport genes. <em>Rothia mucilaginosa, Dolosigranulum pigrum,</em> and <em>Prevotella melaninogenica</em> tended to be present in less severe community-acquired pneumonia group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrated that significantly different microbial community was associated with severity of community-acquired pneumonia requiring intensive care admission. Species-level shotgun metagenomic sequencing facilitates the exploration of potentially pathogenic or protective microbes and shed the light of probiotic development in lower respiratory tract.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 86-93"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Pta-AckA pathway on CPS biosynthesis and type 3 fimbriae expression in Klebsiella pneumoniae","authors":"Tien-Huang Lin ,&nbsp;Chen-Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Chien-Chen Wu ,&nbsp;Ching-Ting Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause infections, especially in individuals with diabetes. Recently, more hypervirulent strains have emerged, posing a threat even to healthy individuals. Understanding how <em>K. pneumoniae</em> regulates its virulence factors is crucial. Acetyl-phosphate (AcP) is essential for bacterial metabolism and can affect virulence factor expression. However, the role of the Pta-AckA pathway, which regulates AcP levels, in <em>K. pneumoniae</em> pathogenesis remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Deletion mutants lacking the <em>pta</em> and <em>ackA</em>, involved in AcP production and hydrolysis, were generated in <em>K. pneumoniae</em> CG43S3. Their effects on AcP levels, the patterns of global acetylated protein, capsular polysaccharide (CPS) amount, serum resistance, type 3 fimbriae expression, biofilm formation, and virulence in <em>G</em>. <em>mellonella</em> larva were assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Deletion of <em>ackA</em> in <em>K. pneumoniae</em> CG43S3 led to AcP accumulation, while <em>pta</em> deletion abolished AcP synthesis when grown in TB7+1 % glucose. This pathway influenced global protein acetylation, with <em>pta</em> deletion decreasing acetylation and <em>ackA</em> deletion increasing it. Additionally, <em>pta</em> deletion decreased the CPS amount, serum resistance, and type 3 fimbriae expression, while <em>ackA</em> deletion increased these factors. Furthermore, deleting <em>pta</em> and <em>ackA</em> attenuated the infected larva's virulence and death rate.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings highlight the critical role of the Pta-AckA pathway in <em>K. pneumoniae</em> pathogenesis. This pathway regulates AcP levels, global protein acetylation, CPS production, serum resistance, and type 3 fimbriae expression, ultimately impacting virulence. The information provides insights into potential therapeutic targets for combating <em>K. pneumoniae</em> infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 48-55"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying the function of novel cross-species microRNAs from the excretory-secretory products of Angiostrongylus cantonensis fifth-stage larvae","authors":"Kuang-Yao Chen ,&nbsp;Yi-Hsuan Lin ,&nbsp;Chien-Ju Cheng ,&nbsp;Yi-Hao Huang ,&nbsp;Sheng-Yu Lin ,&nbsp;Chyi-Liang Chen ,&nbsp;Cheng-Hsun Chiu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div><em>Angiostrongylus cantonensis</em> is a significant foodborne zoonotic parasite that causes severe neuropathological damage and symptoms in humans. Excretory-secretory products (ESPs) play a pivotal role in elucidating host-parasite interactions and can aid in penetrating host defensive barriers in helminths. Recently, secreted microRNAs have become important research targets for parasite-host communication. In this study, we determined the expression and function of novel microRNAs from <em>A. cantonensis</em> L5 ESPs and evaluated the effect of target microRNAs on the molecular mechanisms of mouse astrocytes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Here, we employed next-generation sequencing (NGS) to establish the secreted microRNAs dataset. Next, we evaluated the effects of AcESPs-microRNAs in <em>A. cantonensis</em> ESPs treated astrocytes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>First, we established the secreted microRNA dataset, and then comprehensively verified the characteristics. Novel microRNAs were initially detected, and their expression was found. Moreover, the prediction results showed that these secreted microRNAs may regulate Wnt and mTOR signaling. Next, the data showed that the AcNOVEL55 microRNA reduced cell apoptosis generation via regulating the RhoA-Rock signaling pathway in <em>A. cantonensis</em> L5 ESPs treated mouse astrocytes. Moreover, we also demonstrated that the AcNOVEL31 microRNA can affect the inflammation activation via regulating the presenilin-1/GSK3B/β-catenin/NF-κB pathway. Finally, the concentrations of secreted IL-6 and IL-12 proteins were downregulated by AcNOVEL31 microRNA by influencing presenilin-1 expression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This is the first study to verify the molecular functions of novel microRNAs secreted by <em>A. cantonensis.</em> The discovery of the microRNA mechanisms by which cross-species parasitic nematodes influence hosts has advanced research on host-parasitic nematode interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 128-137"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum Mpox-specific IgG titers before and after breakthrough Mpox infection in an HIV-infected individual with viral suppression and prior 2-dose Mpox vaccination","authors":"Wang-Da Liu,&nbsp;Tai-Ling Chao,&nbsp;Sui-Yuan Chang,&nbsp;Chien-Ching Hung","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 149-151"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii from Raman spectra by Artificial Intelligent Raman Detection and Identification System (AIRDIS) with machine learning","authors":"Yu-Tzu Lin ,&nbsp;Hsiu-Hsien Lin ,&nbsp;Chih-Hao Chen ,&nbsp;Kun-Hao Tseng ,&nbsp;Pang-Chien Hsu ,&nbsp;Ya-Lun Wu ,&nbsp;Wei-Cheng Chang ,&nbsp;Nai-Shun Liao ,&nbsp;Yi-Fan Chou ,&nbsp;Chun-Yi Hsu ,&nbsp;Yu-Hui Liao ,&nbsp;Mao-Wang Ho ,&nbsp;Shih-Sheng Chang ,&nbsp;Po-Ren Hsueh ,&nbsp;Der-Yang Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.11.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.11.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Rapid and accurate identification of bacteria is required in order to develop effective treatment strategies. Traditional culture-based methods are time-consuming, while MALDI-TOF MS is expensive. The Raman spectroscopy, due to its relatively cost-effectiveness, offers a promising alternative for bacterial identification. However, its clinical utility still requires further validation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, the artificial intelligent Raman detection and identification system (AIRDIS) was implemented to identify bacterial species, including <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (n = 1290), <em>Enterococcus faecium</em> (n = 1020), <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (n = 1366), <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (n = 1067), and <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em> (n = 811). Raman spectra were collected, preprocessed, and analyzed by machine learning (ML).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After training on 24,420 Raman spectra from 1221 isolates and testing on 4333 isolates, the AIRDIS demonstrated an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.99 for Gram classification, with accuracies of 97.64 % for Gram-positive bacteria and 98.86 % for Gram-negative bacteria. Spectral differences between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were linked to structural variations in their cell walls, such as peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharides. At the species level, <em>S. aureus</em>, <em>E. faecium</em>, <em>K. pneumoniae</em>, <em>P. aeruginosa</em>, and <em>A. baumannii</em> were identified with high accuracy, ranging from 94.76 % to 96.88 %, with all species achieving an AUC of 0.99.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Validation with a large number of clinical isolates demonstrated Raman spectroscopy combined with ML excels in identification of five bacterial species associated with multidrug resistance. This finding confirms the clinical utility of the system while laying a solid foundation for the future development of antimicrobial resistance prediction models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 77-85"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entamoeba histolytica and Cryptosporidium co-infections in an HIV-infected, viral suppressed patient with a normal CD4 count","authors":"Chun-Hsien Chen ,&nbsp;Wei-Hung Cheng ,&nbsp;Ling-Shan Syue ,&nbsp;Ming-Chi Li ,&nbsp;Chin-Shiang Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.12.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.12.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 154-155"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of the novel gene chip and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in broth culture","authors":"Wen-Hung Wang ,&nbsp;Chun-Yu Lin ,&nbsp;Shu-Huei Jain ,&nbsp;Po-Liang Lu ,&nbsp;Yen-Hsu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health issue. Prompt and accurate TB diagnosis is crucial for starting appropriate treatments and preventing the disease's spread. Current diagnostic techniques are either slow or expensive. This study aimed to create and evaluate a new, fast, highly reliable, and cost-effective TB detection method using a gene chip and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis on Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tubes (MGIT) specimens.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We assessed the effectiveness of a novel gene chip and RFLP methods targeting the 16S rRNA gene of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> in 2000 MGIT culture-positive specimens. RFLP analysis identified the <em>Afe</em>I restriction site within the M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) genome. Discrepancies were investigated through extensive sequencing and Cobas TaqMan PCR analysis, along with reviewing patient profiles.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both methods showed high efficacy in detecting MTBC in broth cultures, with the gene chip method achieving a sensitivity of 99.27 %, specificity of 98.35 %, and the RFLP method showing a sensitivity of 98.18 %, specificity of 99.31 %. False negatives in two isolates were due to a mutation in the <em>Afe</em>I site. Additionally, five cases showed MTBC presence when nontuberculous Mycobacterium species grew in cultures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our novel gene chip and RFLP methods are effective for rapid highly-reliable and cost-effective <em>M. tuberculosis</em> detection in MGIT specimens. Both gene chip and RFLP methods are suitable for resource-limited settings, offering an economical advantage. These methods have significant potential to improve clinical TB diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 56-61"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forty years of HIV infection and AIDS in Taiwan: Reflection on the past and looking toward the future","authors":"Sung-Hsi Huang ,&nbsp;Hsun-Yin Huang ,&nbsp;Stephane Wen-Wei Ku ,&nbsp;Po-Hsien Kuo ,&nbsp;Kuan-Yin Lin ,&nbsp;Guan-Jhou Chen ,&nbsp;Chia-Chi Lee ,&nbsp;Yen-Fang Huang ,&nbsp;Chien-Ching Hung","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We review the epidemiology, policies, and control programs of HIV infection in Taiwan in the past 40 years since the first case of HIV infection was diagnosed in 1984. With the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Taiwan in 1997, the incidences of HIV-related opportunistic illnesses and mortality have significantly declined. However, despite improved access to HIV testing and treatment, late presentation of HIV infection remains common. Unprotected sex, particularly among men who have sex with men, continues to be the leading risk for HIV transmission after implementation of harm reduction program to control an outbreak of HIV infection among people who inject drugs that occurred in 2003–2007. The sequential introduction of well-tolerated, effective, single-tablet antiretroviral regimens has facilitated the implementation of “treat-all” policy in 2016, rapid ART initiation within 7 days of diagnosis in 2018, and same-day ART initiation in 2021 when immunochromatography was used for rapid confirmation of HIV infection. Government-funded pilot program of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection, which was launched in 2016 followed by wider enrollment of people at high risk for HIV acquisition in 2018, have contributed to sustained declines of the incidence of HIV infection since 2018, along with high rates of linkage to HIV care, ART initiation, viral suppression, and retention in care in Taiwan. Challenges remain to achieve HIV elimination and long-term successful management of HIV infection, which include stigma and discrimination, late presentation of HIV infection, and accelerated ageing with increasing rates of co-morbidities among people with HIV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 7-16"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Influenza and the risk of active tuberculosis occurrence among individuals with latent tuberculosis infection: A national cohort study in South Korea (2015–2020)” [J Microbiol Immunol Infect 57 (2024) 437–445 JOUMII-D-23-00515R1]","authors":"Jaehee Lee ,&nbsp;Hyewon Seo ,&nbsp;Dohyang Kim ,&nbsp;Jinseub Hwang ,&nbsp;Jin-Won Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Page 148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High hemolytic activity in Staphylococcus aureus t1081/ST45 due to increased hla protein production and potential RNAIII-independent regulation","authors":"Yu-Tzu Lin ,&nbsp;Ngoc-Niem Bui ,&nbsp;Yu-Syuan Cheng ,&nbsp;Cheng-Wen Lin ,&nbsp;Chun-Li Lee ,&nbsp;Tai-Fen Lee ,&nbsp;Po-Ren Hsueh","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>α-Hemolysin, encoded by <em>hla</em>, is a major virulence factor of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. Sequence type (ST) 45 is a globally spread clone with increasing clinical prevalence in Taiwan. Our previous study showed that among the CC45 isolates, the <em>spa</em> type t1081 isolates presented greater hemolytic activity.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The hemolytic activity of 67 CC45 isolates (44 t1081 and 23 non-t1081) from clinical blood cultures was assessed using rabbit red blood cells. The sequences of <em>hla</em> and its upstream regulatory regions and RNAIII were compared between the two groups. The expression of <em>hla</em> and its regulators RNAIII, <em>mgrA</em>, and <em>saeR</em> was analyzed via qRT‒PCR, while Hla protein levels were measured via Western blotting.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with non-t1081 isolates, t1081 isolates presented increased hemolytic activity. No significant differences in <em>hla</em> sequences, upstream regulatory regions, or gene expression levels were detected between the two groups. The expression of the transcriptional regulators <em>mgrA</em> and <em>saeR</em> was also similar between the two groups. Western blotting revealed increased Hla protein in the t1081 isolates. However, neither the sequence or expression of RNAIII, a regulator of <em>hla</em> at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, differed between the groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study revealed that, compared with other CC45 isolates, the t1081/ST45 isolates presented greater hemolytic activity. This heightened activity was due mainly to increased Hla protein levels. Moreover, the higher translation levels may be independent of the known regulator RNAIII, indicating a potential RNAIII-independent mechanism for Hla regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 70-76"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}