Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection最新文献

{"title":"Development of the novel gene chip and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in broth culture","authors":"Wen-Hung Wang ,&nbsp;Chun-Yu Lin ,&nbsp;Shu-Huei Jain ,&nbsp;Po-Liang Lu ,&nbsp;Yen-Hsu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health issue. Prompt and accurate TB diagnosis is crucial for starting appropriate treatments and preventing the disease's spread. Current diagnostic techniques are either slow or expensive. This study aimed to create and evaluate a new, fast, highly reliable, and cost-effective TB detection method using a gene chip and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis on Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tubes (MGIT) specimens.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We assessed the effectiveness of a novel gene chip and RFLP methods targeting the 16S rRNA gene of <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</em> in 2000 MGIT culture-positive specimens. RFLP analysis identified the <em>Afe</em>I restriction site within the M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) genome. Discrepancies were investigated through extensive sequencing and Cobas TaqMan PCR analysis, along with reviewing patient profiles.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both methods showed high efficacy in detecting MTBC in broth cultures, with the gene chip method achieving a sensitivity of 99.27 %, specificity of 98.35 %, and the RFLP method showing a sensitivity of 98.18 %, specificity of 99.31 %. False negatives in two isolates were due to a mutation in the <em>Afe</em>I site. Additionally, five cases showed MTBC presence when nontuberculous Mycobacterium species grew in cultures.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our novel gene chip and RFLP methods are effective for rapid highly-reliable and cost-effective <em>M. tuberculosis</em> detection in MGIT specimens. Both gene chip and RFLP methods are suitable for resource-limited settings, offering an economical advantage. These methods have significant potential to improve clinical TB diagnosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 56-61"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forty years of HIV infection and AIDS in Taiwan: Reflection on the past and looking toward the future","authors":"Sung-Hsi Huang ,&nbsp;Hsun-Yin Huang ,&nbsp;Stephane Wen-Wei Ku ,&nbsp;Po-Hsien Kuo ,&nbsp;Kuan-Yin Lin ,&nbsp;Guan-Jhou Chen ,&nbsp;Chia-Chi Lee ,&nbsp;Yen-Fang Huang ,&nbsp;Chien-Ching Hung","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We review the epidemiology, policies, and control programs of HIV infection in Taiwan in the past 40 years since the first case of HIV infection was diagnosed in 1984. With the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Taiwan in 1997, the incidences of HIV-related opportunistic illnesses and mortality have significantly declined. However, despite improved access to HIV testing and treatment, late presentation of HIV infection remains common. Unprotected sex, particularly among men who have sex with men, continues to be the leading risk for HIV transmission after implementation of harm reduction program to control an outbreak of HIV infection among people who inject drugs that occurred in 2003–2007. The sequential introduction of well-tolerated, effective, single-tablet antiretroviral regimens has facilitated the implementation of “treat-all” policy in 2016, rapid ART initiation within 7 days of diagnosis in 2018, and same-day ART initiation in 2021 when immunochromatography was used for rapid confirmation of HIV infection. Government-funded pilot program of pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection, which was launched in 2016 followed by wider enrollment of people at high risk for HIV acquisition in 2018, have contributed to sustained declines of the incidence of HIV infection since 2018, along with high rates of linkage to HIV care, ART initiation, viral suppression, and retention in care in Taiwan. Challenges remain to achieve HIV elimination and long-term successful management of HIV infection, which include stigma and discrimination, late presentation of HIV infection, and accelerated ageing with increasing rates of co-morbidities among people with HIV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 7-16"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Influenza and the risk of active tuberculosis occurrence among individuals with latent tuberculosis infection: A national cohort study in South Korea (2015–2020)” [J Microbiol Immunol Infect 57 (2024) 437–445 JOUMII-D-23-00515R1]","authors":"Jaehee Lee ,&nbsp;Hyewon Seo ,&nbsp;Dohyang Kim ,&nbsp;Jinseub Hwang ,&nbsp;Jin-Won Kwon","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Page 148"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High hemolytic activity in Staphylococcus aureus t1081/ST45 due to increased hla protein production and potential RNAIII-independent regulation","authors":"Yu-Tzu Lin ,&nbsp;Ngoc-Niem Bui ,&nbsp;Yu-Syuan Cheng ,&nbsp;Cheng-Wen Lin ,&nbsp;Chun-Li Lee ,&nbsp;Tai-Fen Lee ,&nbsp;Po-Ren Hsueh","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>α-Hemolysin, encoded by <em>hla</em>, is a major virulence factor of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. Sequence type (ST) 45 is a globally spread clone with increasing clinical prevalence in Taiwan. Our previous study showed that among the CC45 isolates, the <em>spa</em> type t1081 isolates presented greater hemolytic activity.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>The hemolytic activity of 67 CC45 isolates (44 t1081 and 23 non-t1081) from clinical blood cultures was assessed using rabbit red blood cells. The sequences of <em>hla</em> and its upstream regulatory regions and RNAIII were compared between the two groups. The expression of <em>hla</em> and its regulators RNAIII, <em>mgrA</em>, and <em>saeR</em> was analyzed via qRT‒PCR, while Hla protein levels were measured via Western blotting.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with non-t1081 isolates, t1081 isolates presented increased hemolytic activity. No significant differences in <em>hla</em> sequences, upstream regulatory regions, or gene expression levels were detected between the two groups. The expression of the transcriptional regulators <em>mgrA</em> and <em>saeR</em> was also similar between the two groups. Western blotting revealed increased Hla protein in the t1081 isolates. However, neither the sequence or expression of RNAIII, a regulator of <em>hla</em> at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, differed between the groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our study revealed that, compared with other CC45 isolates, the t1081/ST45 isolates presented greater hemolytic activity. This heightened activity was due mainly to increased Hla protein levels. Moreover, the higher translation levels may be independent of the known regulator RNAIII, indicating a potential RNAIII-independent mechanism for Hla regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 70-76"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction of human neutrophils with Trichomonas vaginalis protozoan highlights lactoferrin secretion","authors":"Wei-Hung Cheng ,&nbsp;Ruei-Min Chen ,&nbsp;Seow-Chin Ong ,&nbsp;Yuan-Ming Yeh ,&nbsp;Po-Jung Huang ,&nbsp;Chi-Ching Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Neutrophils are vital constituents of the immune response in the vaginal environment, playing a pivotal role in the defense against trichomoniasis. Earlier studies have shown that <em>Trichomonas vaginalis</em> (<em>T. vaginalis</em>) can release leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a molecule that attracts and activates neutrophils. Additionally, secretory products from this parasite can induce the production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in mast cells and neutrophils, which further recruits neutrophils to the infection site. The precise reasons behind <em>T. vaginalis</em> actively promoting interaction between parasites and neutrophils rather than inhibiting the inflammatory response remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In this study, we collected conditioned medium to elucidate the intricate dynamics between <em>T. vaginalis</em> and human neutrophils. We conducted a comprehensive profiling of soluble excretory/secretory proteins (ESPs), identifying 192 protein spots, of which 94 were successfully characterized through mass spectrometry analysis. Notably, the majority of induced ESPs from co-cultivation exhibited consistency with the trichomonad and neutrophil standalone groups, except for lactoferrin, which was observed exclusively following the interaction between neutrophils and <em>T. vaginalis</em>. The secretion of lactoferrin was determined to be a contact-dependent process. It was interesting to identify the ability of the iron-loaded lactoferrin to extend the survival time of <em>T. vaginalis</em> under iron-deficient conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study represents the first to identify the origin of lactoferrin during <em>T. vaginalis</em> infection, shedding light on the potential reason for <em>T. vaginalis</em>'s ability to attract neutrophils to the infection site: the acquisition of the iron source, lactoferrin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 138-147"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction model, risk factor score and ventilator-associated pneumonia: A two-stage case-control study","authors":"Hua Meng ,&nbsp;Yuxin Shi ,&nbsp;Kaming Xue ,&nbsp;Di Liu ,&nbsp;Xiongjing Cao ,&nbsp;Yanyan Wu ,&nbsp;Yunzhou Fan ,&nbsp;Fang Gao ,&nbsp;Ming Zhu ,&nbsp;Lijuan Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most important hospital acquired infections in patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) in the intensive care unit, but the effective and robust predictable tools for VAP prevention were relatively lacked.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study aimed to establish a weighted risk scoring system to examine VAP risk among a two-stage VAP case-control study, and to evaluate the diagnostic performance of risk factor score (RFS) for VAP. We constructed a prediction model by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), random forest (RF), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) models in 363 patients and 363 controls, and weighted RFS was calculated based on significant predictors. Finally, the diagnostic performance of the RFS was testified and further validated in another 177 pairs of VAP case-control study.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>LASSO, RF and XGBoost consistently revealed significant associations of length of stay before MV, MV time, surgery, tracheotomy, multiple drug resistant organism infection, C-reactive protein, PaO₂, and APACHE II score with VAP. RFS was significantly linearly associated with VAP risk [odds ratio and 95 % confidence interval = 2.699 (2.347, 3.135)], and showed good discriminations for VAP both in discovery stage [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.857] and validation stage (AUC = 0.879).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results of this study revealed co-occurrence of multiple predictors for VAP risk. The risk factor scoring system proposed is a potentially useful predictive tool for clinical targets for VAP prevention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 94-102"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142693906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cigarette smoke compromises macrophage innate sensing in response to pneumococcal infection","authors":"Wei-Chih Liao ,&nbsp;Chia-Huei Chou ,&nbsp;Mao-Wang Ho ,&nbsp;Jo-Tsen Chen ,&nbsp;Shu-Ling Chou ,&nbsp;Yu-Tsen Huang ,&nbsp;Ngoc-Niem Bui ,&nbsp;Hui-Yu Wu ,&nbsp;Chi-Fan Lee ,&nbsp;Wei-Chien Huang ,&nbsp;Chih-Ho Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cigarette smoking remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide. <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em>, also known as pneumococcus, is one of the most common pathogens that colonizes the human respiratory tract, causing life-threatening infections. Several studies have reported that cigarette smoke (CS) exposure promotes pneumococcal infectivity; however, the underlying mechanisms remain to be illustrated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this study, we prepared cigarette smoke extract (CSE) from tobacco containing nicotine (0.8 mg/cigarette) and tar (10 mg/cigarette) to investigate the effects of CSE on innate immune response using murine macrophage models.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results from the cytokine array showed that the production of C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CCL2), CCL4, CCL3, C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 (CXCL2), and CXCL-10, in pneumococcus-infected cells was reduced upon 5 % CSE treatment. Our results further demonstrated that 5 % CSE exposure, followed by pneumococcal challenge, significantly decreased CCL2 and type I interferon (IFN) production in macrophages by inhibiting nuclear factor (NF)-κB and IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) signaling pathways. Moreover, CSE disrupts macrophage polarization and impedes innate immune signaling to suppress pneumococcal phagocytosis by macrophages.</div></div><div><h3><strong>Conclusion</strong></h3><div>Our results provide evidence that CS manipulates the signaling molecules to subvert macrophage functions, thereby hindering the innate response against pneumococcal infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 120-127"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling unique effector function-related bulk antibody profiles in long-term hemodialysis patients following COVID-19 mRNA booster vaccination","authors":"Chia-Yi Chou ,&nbsp;Chung-Yi Cheng ,&nbsp;Chih-Hsin Lee ,&nbsp;Makoto Kuro-O ,&nbsp;Tso-Hsiao Chen ,&nbsp;San-Yuan Wang ,&nbsp;Yung-Kun Chuang ,&nbsp;Yun-Jung Yang ,&nbsp;Yun-Hsuan Lin ,&nbsp;I-Lin Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Hemodialysis patients exhibit a reduced response to vaccination and have different vaccine dose regimens. Vaccines induce antibodies and affect the inflammatory balance through antibody glycosylation and effector functions. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the antibody glycosylation profiles in hemodialysis patients who were vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, infected with the virus, or both, and compare them with those of dialysis patients in a control group.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Plasma samples from 112 hemodialysis patients were assigned to four groups: control, infected, vaccinated, and post-vaccine-infected. Paired plasma samples from 47 people with vaccination (vaccinees) were analyzed before and after the booster dose. The same analytical approach was applied to the four groups for a cross-sectional comparison.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our study found that both vaccination and infection groups showed decreased fucosylation of IgG1, which is associated with a proinflammatory biosignature. However, vaccination also leads to increased galactosylation and bisection of IgG antibodies, which are associated with anti-inflammatory effects and the additional regulation of immune responses. In contrast, infection led to an additional decrease in the fucosylation of IgG2 and IgA, demonstrating a more intense proinflammatory biosignature than vaccination.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings emphasize the proinflammatory biosignature of afucosylation in both vaccination and infection groups. Additionally, we uncovered further regulated profiles related to galactosylation in vaccinees. These findings suggest that antibody investigation for vaccination or infection should not solely focus on neutralization but should also consider effector function-related glycosylation profiling. This comprehensive information can be valuable for fine-tuning vaccine development in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 27-37"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142481864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative monocyte and T cell responses in DENV-exposed subjects from South-East Asia and DENV-naïve residents in Taiwan","authors":"Sheng-Hsuan Wang ,&nbsp;Yun-Erh Chuang ,&nbsp;Sia-Seng Tan ,&nbsp;Tzu-Chuan Ho ,&nbsp;Oscar Guey Chuen Perng ,&nbsp;Po-Lin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background/purpose(s)</h3><div>Dengue virus (DENV) is one of the most troublesome mosquito-borne infectious viruses in tropical and subtropical zones. People with secondary/multiple DENV infections are at an increased risk of developing severe dengue. Both monocytes and T cells are known to play important roles in the immune response against DENV. However, the function of monocytes and T cells in individuals with potentially multiple exposures to DENV is rarely reported.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>In the present study, we performed a functional analysis of monocytes and T cells from people with previous DENV infection and DENV-naïve people that stimulated with DENV2 <em>ex vivo</em>.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Our preliminary analysis indicated that the response of monocytes and T cells to DENV2 restimulation was comparable between DENV-exposed and DENV-naïve individuals. Furthermore, the cytokine expression profiles in monocytes from both naïve individuals and previously DENV-exposed subjects were similar after DENV2 stimulation. In addition, it was observed that the function of T cells was also equivalent when monocytes were present as antigen-presenting cells for dengue antigen, NS3, in terms of cell proliferation, interferon-gamma (IFNγ) secretion, and memory response.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Based on the results, it was observed that previously DENV-exposed monocytes and T cells seemed to be anergic during DENV reinfection. However, whether the impaired response of monocytes and T cells against DENV in people with a history of previous DENV infection leads to severe dengue upon secondary infection in endemic areas requires further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 17-26"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased risk of Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization in rheumatoid arthritis patients on biologics and Janus kinase inhibitor","authors":"Ya-Chun Huang ,&nbsp;Nan-Yao Lee ,&nbsp;Meng-Yu Weng","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The prevalence of <em>Pneumocystis jirovecii</em> (PJ) pneumonia among rheumatic patients is rising. PJ colonization serves as a reservoir for transmission and precedes the development of PJ pneumonia. We aim to clarify the association of PJ colonization in patients of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with biologics or Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A prospective cohort study was performed from March 2021 to July 2022 in the rheumatology outpatient department of National Cheng Kung University Hospital. We obtained oral-wash samples from asymptomatic RA patients treated with biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and JAKi. A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay focusing on the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene of PJ was applied to detect colonization.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>One hundred and ten RA patients were enrolled. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) of PJ colonization were 6.40 (95% CI 1.34-30.57, p-value =0.02) in patients receiving bDMARDs or JAKi. Specifically, in patients treated with bDMARDs the adjusted OR was 8.08 (95% CI 1.57-41.51, p-value=0.012), and a trend toward developing PJ colonization was further identified in patients receiving JAKi (adjusted OR: 4.79, 95% CI 0.89-25.91, p=0.069). Among patients treated with bDMARDs or JAKi, medication duration &gt;3 years and age &gt;60 y/o are risk factors for PJ colonization.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>RA patients on bDMARDs or JAK inhibitors have an approximately 6-fold higher risk of developing P. jirovecii colonization. Patients treated with bDMARDs had an 8-fold higher risk of <em>P. jirovecii</em> colonization. Risk factors of PJ colonization are medication duration &gt;3 years and age &gt; 60 y/o.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"58 1","pages":"Pages 112-119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142251592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}