Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection最新文献

{"title":"High bacterial coinfection rates and associated mortality among hospitalized older adults with laboratory-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus infection.","authors":"Yu-Chang Fu, Ting-Wei Lai, Yu-Hua Su, Yu-Chao Lin, Chih-Yen Tu, Chieh-Lung Chen, Po-Ren Hsueh","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Emerging evidence highlights that respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) poses a significant risk to older adults. However, detailed clinical data on elderly patients hospitalized with RSV remains limited. This study investigates the clinical characteristics and outcomes of older adults (aged ≥50 years) hospitalized with RSV infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included hospitalized patients aged ≥50 years with respiratory symptoms and laboratory-confirmed RSV infection at China Medical University Hospital between January 1, 2011, and December 31, 2023. Data on demographic characteristics and clinical presentations were collected. RSV infection-related outcomes were analyzed across various subgroups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 36 patients, with the most prevalent comorbidities being diabetes mellitus (47.2 %), immunocompromised status (36.1 %), and chronic lung disease (30.6 %). Pneumonia was identified in 72.2 % of patients, while 41.7 % required invasive mechanical ventilation, and the hospital mortality rate was 33.3 %. Non-survivors had higher rates of comorbidities, particularly chronic lung disease (66.7 % vs. 12.5 %, p = 0.002), higher disease severity, elevated procalcitonin levels, and were more likely to develop septic shock and acute respiratory distress syndrome. A bacterial coinfection rate of 33.3 % was observed, with patients experiencing pneumonia or bacterial coinfection showing poorer outcomes. Moreover, patients with chronic lung disease exhibited significantly worse day-28 survival (log-rank p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The disease burden of RSV in older adults is amplified by comorbidities such as chronic lung disease, with pneumonia and bacterial coinfections further worsening outcomes. Our findings highlight the need for a more comprehensive understanding and effective preventive strategies to protect this vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143675017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurements of tenofovir-diphosphate and emtricitabine-triphosphate concentrations in dried blood spots of people receiving pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV with co-formulated tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine.","authors":"Ya-Ting Lin, Wang-Da Liu, Chih-Ning Cheng, Wen-Chi Chang, Chia-Chi Chuang, Hsin-Yun Sun, Kuan-Yin Lin, Yu-Shan Huang, Pei-Ying Wu, Ling-Ya Chen, Hsi-Yen Chang, Yu-Zhen Luo, Yi-Ting Chen, Wen-Chun Liu, Yi-Ching Su, Guei-Chi Li, Chien-Ching Hung, Ching-Hua Kuo","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/purpose(s): </strong>Data regarding the concentrations of tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) and emtricitabine-triphosphate (FTC-TP) in the Asian population receiving pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and emtricitabine (FTC) (TDF/FTC) are limited, and the associations between the frequency of TDF/FTC administration and drug concentration among people receiving on-demand PrEP remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fifty-seven participants receiving daily TDF/FTC and 113 participants receiving on-demand TDF/FTC were enrolled in this study. The concentrations of TFV-DP and FTC-TP were measured in dried blood spots using liquid chromatography‒mass spectrometry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-six (62.2 %) daily PrEP users and 38 (33.6 %) on-demand PrEP users achieved TFV-DP concentrations ≥700 fmol/punch. Higher proportions of undetectable FTC-TP were observed in participants whose TFV-DP concentrations were ≤350 fmol/punch, regardless of the frequency of TDF/FTC administration. In participants who used on-demand PrEP, the TFV-DP and FTC-TP concentrations were moderately correlated with the TDF/FTC tablets taken when sampling was performed within 12-24 h after the last dose of TDF/FTC (R = 0.63, p = 0.006 and R = 0.75, p = 0.0005). In addition, on-demand PrEP users who had received 8 tablets within the last 28 days had a median TFV-DP concentration similar to that of those participants who had received 16 tablets (544.6 vs. 556.9 fmol/punch, p > 0.99).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results underscore the importance of well-controlled sampling times for obtaining reliable TFV-DP and FTC-TP concentrations to estimate the adherence and effectiveness of on-demand PrEP.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unusual Helicobacter pylori bacteremia in an immunocompetent elderly presenting as right ankle cellulitis.","authors":"Shu-Fang Kuo, Tsung Yu Huang, Chen-Hsiang Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-infection with Giardia lamblia and Blastocystis hominis in a patient with liver abscess: A diagnostic challenge.","authors":"Chun-Chung Lu, Wen-Sen Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness comparison between ceftazidime-avibactam and carbapenem-based regimens in nosocomial carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections.","authors":"Ruei-Chang Huang, Li-Ying Chen, Ying-Chuan Wang, Chun-Hsiang Chiu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections (CRKP BSI) are associated with high mortality rates and limited treatment options. This study compared the outcomes between ceftazidime-avibactam and carbapenem-based regimens in patients with nosocomial CRKP BSI.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a single-center, retrospective, observational study that analyzed adult patients with nosocomial CRKP BSI from January 2018 to December 2023. Patients were divided into ceftazidime-avibactam (n = 47) and carbapenem-based regimen (n = 54) groups. Primary outcomes included 7-, 14-, 21-, and 28-day mortality rates, microbiological cure rates, and length of hospital stay. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The ceftazidime-avibactam group showed significantly lower 7-day mortality (8.51 % vs. 25.93 %, p = 0.043) and higher survival rates in Kaplan-Meier analysis (p = 0.021). Multivariate analysis revealed that ceftazidime-avibactam significantly reduced 7-day mortality (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.182, 95 % CI: 0.050-0.660, p = 0.010). Leukemia significantly increased both 7-day and all-cause mortality. Elevated white blood cell counts, and C-reactive protein levels were associated with increased mortality risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ceftazidime-avibactam demonstrated superior short-term survival benefits compared to carbapenem-based regimens in treating nosocomial CRKP BSI. However, long-term outcomes were more influenced by underlying conditions and inflammatory status.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143588401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fecal microbiota transplantation for vancomycin-resistant Clostridium innocuum infection in inflammatory bowel disease: A pilot study evaluating safety and clinical and microbiota outcome.","authors":"Puo-Hsien Le, Yuan-Ming Yeh, Yi-Ching Chen, Chyi-Liang Chen, Yung-Kuan Tsou, Chien-Chang Chen, Cheng-Tang Chiu, Cheng-Hsun Chiu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clostridium innocuum is a vancomycin-resistant pathobiome associated with poor clinical outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In ulcerative colitis (UC), it correlates with reduced remission rates, while in Crohn's disease (CD), it is linked to creeping fat formation and intestinal strictures. Notably, some patients experience refractory or recurrent C. innocuemailum infections despite metronidazole treatment. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of single-dose fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in IBD patients with refractory or recurrent C. innocuum infections.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a feasibility pilot study involving seven IBD patients (3 CD, 4 UC) with refractory (n = 5) or recurrent (n = 2) C. innocuum infections following metronidazole treatment. Patients underwent single-dose FMT and were monitored for six months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No adverse events were recorded. All participants demonstrated improved disease activity post-FMT, as assessed by the Crohn's Disease Activity Index and Mayo Score. However, a mild increase in symptom severity was noted at six months. Follow-up cultures showed persistent C. innocuum infection in one patient and asymptomatic recurrence in another at three months. Alpha diversity of the gut microbiome increased post-FMT, and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity analysis revealed a microbiota composition more similar to that of the donor.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Single-dose FMT appears to be a safe and feasible therapeutic approach for refractory or recurrent C. innocuum infections in IBD patients, with potential benefits in disease activity and microbiome restoration. Further studies are warranted to optimize long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage among hospitalized patients before and after COVID-19 pandemic in a regional hospital in taiwan.","authors":"Fang-Ching Liu, Cheng-Lun Li, Yi-Ching Huang, Yhu-Chering Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Strict mask wearing and handwashing were implemented in hospital settings during COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan. To explore if nasal methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage rate among inpatients in the hospital changed before and after COVID-19, we conducted this study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients who were admitted to a regional hospital in central Taiwan during one week in 2012 and 2023, respectively, were enrolled. A nasal swab from each subject was obtained for MRSA detection after a written informed consent was obtained. Risk factors of MRSA carriage, and microbiologic characteristics of MRSA were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, nasal MRSA carriage rate was 6.2 % (31/502) in 2012 and 8.0 % (40/499) in 2023. In addition to pediatric patients, risk factors significantly associated with MRSA carriage included allergic rhinitis, chest tube insertion, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 2012 and recent positive MRSA culture, antimicrobial usage within previous year in 2023. In 2012, the two most common strains were ST 59/pulsotype C/staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCCmec) IV/Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL)-negative (35.5 %) and ST 59/pulsotype D/SCCmec V_T/PVL positive (19.4 %) while the two most common strains shifted to ST 45 (and its single locus variant)/pulsotype AK/SCCmec IV/PVL-negative (30.0 %) and ST 8/pulsotype AI/SCCmec IV/PVL positive (22.5 %) in 2023.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Nasal MRSA carriage rate among inpatients in the hospital setting was not affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in Taiwan. Molecular characteristics of colonizing MRSA isolates shifted from two local endemic community strains of ST 59 to two emerging imported strains of ST 45 and ST 8.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiological, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics difference of hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae with different capsular serotypes.","authors":"Cong Zhou, Wencai Ke, Hui Zhang, Maosuo Xu, Baoyu Yuan, Yong Lin, Fang Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>KL1, KL2 CR-hvKP and KL64, KL47 hv-CRKP all exhibit overlapping multidrug resistance and hypervirulence phenotypes, but the differences in epidemiological, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics between them remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, we collected non-repeated hv-CRKP/CR-hvKP isolates in a tertiary hospital in Shanghai, China from January 2019 to December 2022. Furthermore, we selected four typical hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, including ST23-KL1/ST86-KL2 CR-hvKP (WYKP3 and WYKP194) and ST11-KL64/ST11-KL47 hv-CRKP (WYKP589 and WYKP188), and tried to clarify and compare their differences in virulence and drug resistance characteristics and plasmid distribution.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study found that ST23-KL1 and ST86-KL2 CR-hvKP exhibited less plasmid diversity than that of ST11-KL64 and ST11-KL47 hv-CRKP. Compared with ST11-KL64 and ST11-KL47 hv-CRKP, ST23-KL1/ST86-KL2 CR-hvKP harbored significantly fewer antimicrobial resistance genes but more virulence genes, which contributed to the higher virulence of these strains and exhibited resistance to fewer antibiotics. ST11-KL64 hv-CRKP has emerged as the most prevalent hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae probably due to its clonal transmission within hospitals as well as the transmission of virulence plasmids with the help of conjugative resistance plasmids.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Due to the different evolutionary mechanisms of hypervirulent and carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae with different capsular serotypes, the epidemiological, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of KL1, KL2 CR-hvKP and KL64, KL47 hv-CRKP are different.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143586835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unanticipated cytotoxicity of fusidic acid in antibiotic-loaded hydrogel.","authors":"Jing-Gu Jiang, Yu-Chun Chen, Ni-En Jiang, Chun-Hsing Liao, Chih-Hung Chang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the cytotoxicity of fusidic acid-loaded HA hydrogels on different cell types. Results show significant cytotoxicity, especially at concentrations above 0.1 %, with MC3T3 cells being the most sensitive. These findings highlight the importance of considering cell-specific responses and cytotoxic effects when designing antibiotic-loaded hydrogels for biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143626888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recommendation for immune prophylaxis of respiratory syncytial virus infection in children.","authors":"Ping-Ing Lee, Yhu-Chering Huang, Chih-Jung Chen, Cheng-Hsun Chiu, Po-Yen Chen, Chun-Yi Lu, Ching-Chuan Liu, Nan-Chang Chiu, Hsin Chi, Chien-Yu Lin, Chun Yi Lee, Shuenn-Nan Chiu, Mei-Jy Jeng, Kuang-Che Kuo, Ren-Bin Tang, Yung-Feng Huang, Hui-Hsien Pan, Ming-Fang Cheng, Li-Min Huang, Ya-Li Hu, Tzou-Yien Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2025.02.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common pathogen for young children hospitalized with bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Most infections occur below 1 year of age, and almost all children have been infected before 2 years of age. Monoclonal antibodies targeting RSV, such as palivizumab and nirsevimab, are accessible for preventing infection. A committee, consisting of experts in infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and neonatal diseases in children, was assembled by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society of Taiwan. Collaborating with the Child Health Research Center at the National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan Pediatric Association, and Taiwan Society of Neonatology, the committee worked to formulate recommendations for immune prophylaxis against RSV infection in children. Palivizumab is recommended for the prevention of RSV infection in high-risk infants under 1 year old with one of the following (1) premature infants with a gestational age <33 weeks, (2) premature infants with a gestational age <35 weeks with chronic lung disease or (3) infants with hemodynamically significant CHD. Nirsevimab is recommended for the prevention of RSV infection in all infants <12 months. The recommendation is not intended as a sole source of guidance in the prevention of RSV infection in children. The provisions listed in this recommendation are comprehensive suggestions made by pediatric experts in Taiwan based on existing medical evidence. This recommendation should be subject to modification in light of additional medical research findings in the future, and these provisions should not be cited as a basis for dispute resolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143544603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}