Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection最新文献

{"title":"Development of the novel gene chip and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) methods for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in broth culture.","authors":"Wen-Hung Wang, Chun-Yu Lin, Shu-Huei Jain, Po-Liang Lu, Yen-Hsu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global public health issue. Prompt and accurate TB diagnosis is crucial for starting appropriate treatments and preventing the disease's spread. Current diagnostic techniques are either slow or expensive. This study aimed to create and evaluate a new, fast, highly reliable, and cost-effective TB detection method using a gene chip and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis on Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tubes (MGIT) specimens.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We assessed the effectiveness of a novel gene chip and RFLP methods targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 2000 MGIT culture-positive specimens. RFLP analysis identified the AfeI restriction site within the M. tuberculosis complex (MTBC) genome. Discrepancies were investigated through extensive sequencing and Cobas TaqMan PCR analysis, along with reviewing patient profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both methods showed high efficacy in detecting MTBC in broth cultures, with the gene chip method achieving a sensitivity of 99.27 %, specificity of 98.35 %, and the RFLP method showing a sensitivity of 98.18 %, specificity of 99.31 %. False negatives in two isolates were due to a mutation in the AfeI site. Additionally, five cases showed MTBC presence when nontuberculous Mycobacterium species grew in cultures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our novel gene chip and RFLP methods are effective for rapid highly-reliable and cost-effective M. tuberculosis detection in MGIT specimens. Both gene chip and RFLP methods are suitable for resource-limited settings, offering an economical advantage. These methods have significant potential to improve clinical TB diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High hemolytic activity in Staphylococcus aureus t1081/ST45 due to increased hla protein production and potential RNAIII-independent regulation.","authors":"Yu-Tzu Lin, Ngoc-Niem Bui, Yu-Syuan Cheng, Cheng-Wen Lin, Chun-Li Lee, Tai-Fen Lee, Po-Ren Hsueh","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>α-Hemolysin, encoded by hla, is a major virulence factor of Staphylococcus aureus. Sequence type (ST) 45 is a globally spread clone with increasing clinical prevalence in Taiwan. Our previous study showed that among the CC45 isolates, the spa type t1081 isolates presented greater hemolytic activity.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The hemolytic activity of 67 CC45 isolates (44 t1081 and 23 non-t1081) from clinical blood cultures was assessed using rabbit red blood cells. The sequences of hla and its upstream regulatory regions and RNAIII were compared between the two groups. The expression of hla and its regulators RNAIII, mgrA, and saeR was analyzed via qRT‒PCR, while Hla protein levels were measured via Western blotting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with non-t1081 isolates, t1081 isolates presented increased hemolytic activity. No significant differences in hla sequences, upstream regulatory regions, or gene expression levels were detected between the two groups. The expression of the transcriptional regulators mgrA and saeR was also similar between the two groups. Western blotting revealed increased Hla protein in the t1081 isolates. However, neither the sequence or expression of RNAIII, a regulator of hla at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels, differed between the groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study revealed that, compared with other CC45 isolates, the t1081/ST45 isolates presented greater hemolytic activity. This heightened activity was due mainly to increased Hla protein levels. Moreover, the higher translation levels may be independent of the known regulator RNAIII, indicating a potential RNAIII-independent mechanism for Hla regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streptococcus canis infection in Taiwan.","authors":"Pei-Yun Tsai, Wan-Hsuan Hsu, Yu-Hsin Chiu, Chih-Cheng Lai, Hung-Jen Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142367665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of global transcriptomes for nontyphoidal Salmonella clinical isolates from pediatric patients with and without bacteremia after their interaction with human intestinal epithelial cells in vitro.","authors":"Buyandelger Batsaikhan, Pei-Chun Lin, Katsumi Shigemura, Yu-Wei Wu, Reo Onishi, Pei-Ru Chang, Hung-Yen Cheng, Shiuh-Bin Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.09.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2024.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) outbreaks of invasive diseases are increasing. Whether the genetic diversity of invasive NTS correlates with the clinical characteristics and bacteremia development in NTS infections remains unclear. In this study, we compared the global transcriptomes between bacteremic and nonbacteremic NTS strains after their interaction with human intestinal epithelial cells in vitro.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We selected clinical isolates obtained from stool and blood samples of patients with or without bacteremia and patients with high and low C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. The bacterial RNA samples were isolated after coculturing with Caco-2 cells for RNA sequencing and subsequent analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CRP is an unreliable predictive maker for NTS bacteremia with a median CRP level of 1.6 mg/dL. Certain Salmonella Pathogenicity Island (SPI)-1 genes (sipC, sipA, sicA, sipD, and sipB), SPI-2 genes (ssaP, ssrA, and ssaS), and six SPI-4 genes (siiA, siiB, siiC, siiD, siiE, and siiF) remained upregulated in the bacteremic blood-derived strains but significantly downregulated in the nonbacteremic strains after their interaction with Caco-2 cells. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis identified that arginine biosynthesis, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, and phosphotransferase system pathways were activated in bacteremic NTS strains after Caco-2 cell priming.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CRP levels were not correlated with bacteremia development. Significant regulation of certain SPI genes in bacteremic NTS strains after Caco-2 cell priming; bacteremia development might be influenced by the host immune response and the extent to which specific metabolism pathways in NTS strains can be prevented from invading the bloodstream.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential use of capsular typing and whole-genome sequencing-based analysis for transmission of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a tertiary medical center.","authors":"Yi-An Way, Chong-Wei Huang, Wei-Chao Liao, Shiao-Wen Li, Ruei-Lin Chiang, En-Wei Hsing, Yi-Jiun Pan, Shian-Sen Shie, Yu-Chia Hsieh","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an increasing trend in healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), posting a global public health concern. The heightened sensitivity of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) renders it an optimal and potent tool for monitoring outbreaks and tracing the transmission routes of nosocomial pathogens.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We collected CRAB isolates from March 1, 2023, to April 6, 2023 in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Lin Kou branch, a tertiary medical center in northern Taiwan. Any two or more isolates with the same identifiable capsular K-locus (KL) types were selected, and analyzed via WGS to identify putative transmission clusters, combined with epidemiologic and retrospective analysis on medical records to confirm risk factors and hidden transmission chains.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>A total of 48 non-redundant CRAB isolates were collected, belonging to ST2 of Pasteur MLST scheme and identifiable KL types of KL2, KL3, KL9, KL10, KL22, KL52. Excluding the KL types that was only found in 1 case, KL2 (n = 9, 22.5 %), KL3 (n = 24, 60 %), KL9 (n = 3, 7.5 %), and KL10 (n = 4, 10 %) were selected for further WGS analysis. Four distinct transmission clusters comprised of 2, 3, 10, and 23 cases were identified on a basis of phylogenetic status. 12 probable transmission chains were revealed, and 2 hidden transmission routes can be speculated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study referred to some hidden transmission chains that may be missed from traditional surveillance measures. Despite its low prevalence and high cost currently, implementing WGS could be a efficient, prompt, and unequivocal option for future MDRO infection control.</p>","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Putative pathogenic factors underlying Streptococcus oralis opportunistic infections","authors":"Jing-Yi Ren, Hong-Qiang Yu, Sheng Xu, Wen-Juan Zhou, Zhong-Hao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":", belonging to the viridans group streptococci (VGS), has been considered a component of the normal flora predominantly inhabiting the oral cavity. In recent years, a growing body of literature has revealed that dental procedures or daily tooth brushing activities can cause the spread of from the oral cavity into various body sites leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections such as infective endocarditis (IE) and meningitis. However, very little is currently known about the pathogenicity of . Thus, the aim of this review is to update the current understanding of the pathogenic potential of to pave the way for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections.","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"251 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142207777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic potential of combining plasma biomarkers of tissue damage and inflammation in pediatric TB","authors":"Andrea López-Suárez, Mar Santos-Sebastián, Alicia Hernanz-Lobo, Elena Rincón-López, David Aguilera-Alonso, Jesús Saavedra-Lozano, María Jesús Ruiz Serrano, Ángel Hernández-Bartolomé, Luz María Medrano de Dios, José Luis Jiménez Fuentes, María Luisa Navarro, Marc Tebruegge, Begoña Santiago-García","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.07.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2024.07.011","url":null,"abstract":"Immune-based diagnostic tests for tuberculosis (TB) have suboptimal sensitivity in children and cannot differentiate between latent infection (LTBI) and active disease. This study evaluated the diagnostic potential of a broad range of biomarkers of tissue damage and inflammation in unstimulated plasma in children.","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142251591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased risk of Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization in rheumatoid arthritis patients on biologics and Janus kinase inhibitor","authors":"Ya-Chun Huang, Nan-Yao Lee, Meng-Yu Weng","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of <ce:italic>Pneumocystis jirovecii</ce:italic> (PJ) pneumonia among rheumatic patients is rising. PJ colonization serves as a reservoir for transmission and precedes the development of PJ pneumonia. We aim to clarify the association of PJ colonization in patients of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treated with biologics or Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi).","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142251592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surveillance of pathogenic yeasts in hospital environments in Taiwan in 2020","authors":"De-Jiun Tsai, Li-Yun Hsieh, Pei-Jung Chung, Yin-Zhi Chen, Yi-Jyun Jhou, Kuo-Yun Tseng, Chia-Jui Yang, Yen-Cheng Yeh, Seng-Yi Lin, Susan Shin-Jung Lee, Ting-I Wu, Tsung-Ta Chiang, Chien-Hsuan Chou, Wei-Chieh Miu, Po-Yu Liu, Chin-Te Lu, Yuan-Ti Lee, Yu-Ling Syu, Gwo-Jong Hsu, Yee-Chun Chen, Nan-Yao Lee, Chang-Hua Chen, Ching-Cheng Yang, Lih-Shinn Wang, Jien-Wei Liu, Chin-Chuan Kao, Ya-Ting Chang, Keh-Sen Liu, Bor-Shen Hu, Che-Han Hsu, Yi-Ching Huang, Hsiu-Jung Lo","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.011","url":null,"abstract":"A predominate azole-resistant clade 4 genotype causing candidemia has been detected in not only Taiwan but also China, Singapore, and Australia. It can also be detected on fruit surfaces. In addition to determining distribution and drug susceptibilities of pathogenic yeasts in environments of intensive care units of 25 hospitals in Taiwan, we would also like to investigate whether the azole-resistant exists in Taiwan's hospital environment. The swabs of hospital environments were collected from August to November in 2020 and were cultured for yeasts. The yeasts were identified by rDNA sequence and the antifungal susceptibilities of those isolates were determined by the broth microdilution method. The average yeast-culture rate of hospitals was 9.4% (217/2299). Sinks had the highest yeast-positive culture rate (32.7%), followed by bedside tables (28.9%), floors (26.0%), water-dispenser buttons (23.8%), and TV controller/touch panels (19.0%). Of 262 identified isolates, was the most common species, accounting for 22.1%, followed by (18.3%), (9.5%), (8.0%), () (6.9%), and 30 other species (35.1%). Of the 21 isolates from 11 units in 9 hospitals, 15 diploid sequence types (DSTs) were identified. The two DST506 fluconazole-resistant ones belonged to clade 4. We detected not only various pathogenic yeast species but also the predominant clade 4 genotype of azole-resistant . . Our findings highlight and re-emphasize the importance of regular cleaning and disinfection practices.","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142207779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High hemolytic activity of the Staphylococcus aureus spa t1081 among clonal complex 45 in Taiwan","authors":"Yu-Tzu Lin, Chun-Li Lee, Chin-Yun Lin, Tai-Fen Lee, Po-Ren Hsueh","doi":"10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2024.08.012","url":null,"abstract":"Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) sequence type (ST) 45 was first reported in Taiwan in 2006. Since then, the prevalence of ST45 MRSA in clinical isolates has increased. This study was carried out to understand the changes in the proportions, evolutionary relationships, and infection advantages of ST45 and its related clones. : including MRSA and MSSA (methicillin-sensitive ), and clonal complex (CC) 45 blood isolates were collected in 2000, 2005, and from January 2010 to August 2014. Molecular typing, multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based phylogenetic analysis were performed. Fitness and virulence analyses were used to understand the infection advantages of the isolates. Among the 67 CC45 isolates, only MSSA ST508 isolates were found in 2000 and 2005. Since 2010, the prevalence of MRSA has increased, t1081/ST45 has become dominant, and MRSA ST508 has been found. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that most of the ST45 isolates were located in a cluster distinct from those of ST508 and ST929. However, the t026 isolates clustered with the ST508 isolates rather than with the other ST45 isolates. Moreover, fitness and virulence analyses revealed that the t1081 isolates had higher hemolytic activity than the t026 and ST508 isolates did. Our findings indicated that the increased prevalence of ST45 MRSA isolates from blood cultures in Taiwan was due to the t1081 isolates, and their high hemolytic activity may provide an infection advantage.","PeriodicalId":56117,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142207782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}