Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences最新文献

{"title":"A Longitudinal Analysis of Social Connectedness and Subjective Cognitive Impairment and Racial and Ethnic Differences Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Midlife and Older Adults.","authors":"Hyun-Jun Kim, Karen Fredriksen-Goldsen, Christi Nelson","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf070","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) midlife and older adults are known to face elevated risks of subjective cognitive impairment (SCI). This study examines the relationships between multifaceted aspects of social connectedness and SCI among LGBTQ midlife and older adults, taking into consideration racial and ethnic differences.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used biennial longitudinal data from the Aging with Pride: National Health, Aging, and Sexuality/Gender Study of LGBTQ adults aged 50 and older, with repeated measures of SCI from 2014 to 2020. We employed hierarchical linear mixed models to estimate the overall level of and changes in SCI, their associations with social connectedness properties, and racial and ethnic heterogeneity in the associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The time-only model revealed a significant linear increase in SCI over time, but this time effect disappeared after controlling for background characteristics and social connectedness properties. Results of interaction effects of time and social connectedness revealed that a steeper increase in SCI is observed for those with low network diversity, diminished network size, and reduced LGBTQ community engagement. When compared to non-Hispanic Whites, Hispanics, Blacks, and individuals of other races showed a higher SCI. The interaction effects of time and social connectedness on SCI were pronounced among Hispanics.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Social isolation is a major concern among LGBTQ midlife and older adults. This study suggests that promoting social connectedness may help alleviate the increase in SCI. Addressing racial and ethnic differences is imperative in developing public health policies and interventions for this underserved and demographically diverse at-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12257096/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Dementia Classification for Diverse Demographic Groups: Using Vision Transformer-Based Continuous Scoring of Clock Drawing Tests.","authors":"Mengyao Hu, Yi Lu Murphey, Tian Qin, Edmundo R Melipillán, Laura B Zahodne, Richard Gonzalez, Vicki A Freedman","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf065","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf065","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Alzheimer's disease and related dementias significantly affect older adults' quality of life. The clock-drawing test (CDT) is a widely used dementia screening tool due to its ease of administration and effectiveness. However, manual CDT-coding in large-scale studies can be time-intensive and prone to coding errors and is typically limited to ordinal responses. In this study, we developed a continuous CDT score using a deep learning neural network (DLNN) and evaluated its ability to classify participants as having dementia or not.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a nationally representative sample of older adults from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), we trained deep learning models on CDT images to generate both ordinal and continuous scores. Using a modified NHATS dementia classification algorithm as a benchmark, we computed the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for each scoring approach. Thresholds were determined by balancing sensitivity and specificity, and demographic-specific thresholds were compared to a uniform threshold for classification accuracy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Continuous CDT scores provided more granular thresholds than ordinal scores for dementia classification, which vary by demographic characteristics. Lower thresholds were identified for Black individuals, those with lower education, and those ages 90 or older. Compared to ordinal scores, continuous scores also allowed for a more balanced sensitivity and specificity.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study demonstrates the potential of continuous CDT generated by DLNN to enhance dementia classification. By identifying demographic-specific thresholds, it offers a more inclusive and adaptive approach, which could lead to improved guidelines for using CDT in dementia screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12246683/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Inhibitory Control and Reward Responsiveness in Healthy Aging.","authors":"Marilena Aiello, Giovanni Ottoboni, Rabih Chattat, Cristina Russo, Antonella Deponte, Rosanna Palmeri, Alessia Tessari","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf087","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Living in a complex food environment, humans face numerous decisions and choices every day. These decisions necessitate cognitive resources and the ability to balance metabolic needs with gratification. This study sought to examine whether aging enhances responses to food stimuli due to reduced inhibitory control or reduces such responses due to a decline in the motivational system.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>50 young adults, aged 20-30 years, and 55 older adults, aged 65-91 years, without obesity, were recruited. Participants were asked to rate explicitly liking, wanting, and healthiness of both high- and low-calorie foods on a Likert scale. Additionally, they completed an affective priming task measuring affective reactions toward foods and a food go/no-go task to assess inhibitory control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Older adults exhibit reduced food liking and wanting compared to young adults, but did not show increased impulsivity or implicit preference for high- and/or low-calorie foods. No significant relationship between perceived healthiness and reward responsiveness was observed in the older adult group.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our findings suggest that healthy aging is characterized by a diminished response to food due to low reward responsiveness. This is noteworthy, as the hedonic properties of foods are commonly believed to guide dietary choices. Understanding the relationship between age and food-related behavior is crucial for developing targeted dietary interventions for older adults, which could enhance their overall health and quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12239630/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144053954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adult Education and Depressive Symptoms Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Nationwide Longitudinal Cohort Study in China.","authors":"Yujia Guo, Fan Yang","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf060","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Depression is a significant public health concern among middle-aged and older adults in China. While formal education's protective role against depression is well-established, the association of adult education with depression remains understudied. Adult education refers to organized learning activities for adults who have completed or left formal schooling. This nationwide longitudinal cohort study examined the association between adult education and depressive symptoms among Chinese adults aged 45 and older.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011-2018), we analyzed 37,325 observations from 11,453 participants. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, while adult education was measured by participation, duration, and attainment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Generalized estimating equation models showed that adult education participation was associated with 27.2% lower odds of depressive symptoms (odds ratios = 0.728, 95% CI: 0.620-0.854). Each additional year of adult education was associated with 13.1% lower odds, and those who attained a diploma or degree through adult education showed 61.3% lower odds. Notably, even participation without earning a degree showed 22.1% lower odds. These associations remained consistent across formal education levels, age, gender, and other subgroups. Current smoking, social participation, digital exclusion, and instrumental activities of daily living disability collectively explained 34.0% of the total association.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings suggest that potential benefits of adult education in addressing depression among China's aging population, with implications for mental health policy and healthy aging initiatives in developing countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143702240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Pathways Linking Neighborhood Socioeconomic Factors to Cognitive Health in Black and White Older Adults.","authors":"Laura B Zahodne, Emily P Morris, Robrielle Pierce, Ketlyne Sol, Kiana Scambray, Monica E Walters, Lauren Taylor, Vivian Ku, Sofia Lomba, Noah Green, Philippa J Clarke","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf082","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf082","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Both the level and distribution of neighborhood-level socioeconomic resources are associated with cognitive health in later life. This study examined psychological mechanisms underlying these associations for Black and White older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 591 (50% Black, 43% White) older adults from the Michigan Cognitive Aging Project were linked to census tract-level information on neighborhood disadvantage, affluence, and racial income inequality from the National Neighborhood Data Archive. Global cognition was a z-score composite of 5 domains from a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. Psychological mediators were external perceived control and depressive symptoms measured with self-report questionnaires. Simultaneous mediation models accounting for neighborhood clustering examined associations between neighborhood factors and cognition through external perceived control and depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>External perceived control, but not depressive symptoms, mediated the negative association between neighborhood disadvantage and cognition in the whole sample. Moderated mediation models showed a stronger neighborhood disadvantage-cognition association independent of the psychological mediators among Black participants and stronger associations between affluence and both psychological mediators among White participants.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Psychosocial stress may be one pathway linking neighborhood disadvantage to dementia risk among diverse older adults. Future studies should characterize additional modifiable pathways, particularly for Black older adults, who also live in neighborhoods with greater disadvantage than White older adults, on average. Future studies should also investigate why neighborhood affluence may have stronger positive psychological and cognitive effects among White older adults than Black older adults, which could involve discrimination and racially patterned barriers to accessing neighborhood resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12150777/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144041662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balancing Formal and Informal Caregiving Resources for Older Adults: The Role of Spatial Proximity of Family.","authors":"Gyeongrim Oh, Samsik Lee","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf025","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To explore how informal and formal home care was balanced for older adults under the weakening informal caregiving systems due to sociodemographic changes in South Korea, this study examined the relationship between the two types of care and the effects of proximity to family caregivers on them.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed adults aged 65 years and older from the 7th wave of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (n = 722) with limitations in activities of daily living or instrumental activities of daily living or dementia. Multinomial logistic regression was adopted to analyze the impact of family structure on the choice of informal caregivers. Two-stage least squares, Heckman, and IV-Heckman models were applied to address endogeneity and sample selection biases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results demonstrated that spouses and children close to older parents appeared to be primary caregivers. According to the IV-Heckman model, informal care substitutes for formal home care (b = -0.416, p < .01), and both being married (b = 0.715, p < .01) and proximity to children within 1 hr (b = 0.888, p < .01) appeared to facilitate formal home care use.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study reveals that informal and formal home care are inextricably linked. Spouses and adult children close to parents play a pivotal role in directly providing informal care and indirectly facilitating formal home care. Balancing informal/formal home care should be considered in medium- and long-term plans to improve older adults' well-being and reduce formal care's financial burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Often and Why Do People Manage Their Emotions in Older Adulthood?","authors":"Tabea Springstein, Tammy English","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf031","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Prominent theories of adult development suggest individuals increasingly prioritize emotional goals and social relationships as they age. Accordingly, older adults are expected to invest more in maintaining their emotional well-being compared with younger adults. Prior work suggests older adults may accomplish this goal by structuring their lives in ways that reduce the need to actively manage unwanted emotion. We tested the hypotheses that (a) older adults regulate their emotions less often in daily life compared with younger adults, and (b) when emotion regulation occurs, older adults are more motivated than younger adults by prohedonic and social concerns.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Using experience sampling (7x/day for 9 days), we assessed emotion regulation frequency and motives in younger adults (n = 75), cognitively normal older adults (n = 93), and older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 63).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Emotion regulation was less frequent for older adults with MCI (16%) and without MCI (18%) compared with younger adults (43%), even when controlling for emotional experience. However, few differences in emotion regulation motives emerged and they were not robust to controlling for age group differences in emotion.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings extend previous work on emotion regulation in aging, which largely has focused on strategies, by documenting age differences in how often, but not why, people regulate. Future work is needed to explore how age-related differences in life contexts might result in less need for emotion regulation in older adults. Conserving effort directed toward emotion regulation could be particularly beneficial among older adults with more limited cognitive resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12079368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term Effects of Local Area New Deal Work Relief in Childhood on Late-Life Depression.","authors":"Sepideh Modrek, David H Rehkopf","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbae207","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbae207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether childhood exposure to local area New Deal emergency employment work relief activity was associated with lower depressive symptoms in late life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized individual-level data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS) linked to the full count 1940 census. New Deal emergency employment programs were the largest nonwartime expansion in government-led infrastructure, services, and employment policy in U.S. history. We used within-county variation in WLS participants' exposure to emergency employment work relief activity during childhood (aged 0-3) to examine its association with depressive symptoms in late life. We examined depressive symptoms at 3 ages, 53-55, 65-67, and 72-74 but with a focus on depressive symptoms at ages 72-74 as a marker for late-life depression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Children who lived in neighborhoods with moderate or high levels of emergency employment work relief activity exhibited 14%-18% lower depressive symptom scores at ages 72-74 compared with those from neighborhoods with low activity. These findings were consistent across various measures of late-life depressive symptoms, different model specifications, and after accounting for prior depressive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The study highlights the long-term mental health benefits of economic policies aimed at mitigating concentrated economic downturns among the most impacted individuals. Childhood exposure to New Deal work relief reduced depressive symptoms in older age, particularly new onsets of depressive symptoms at ages 72-74. These results suggest social policies aimed at maintaining economic activity in downturns can have long-term positive impacts on the population mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12084827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142900770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empathy and Psychological Outcomes in Informal Caregivers of Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Meng Huo, Thi Vu, Tomiko Yoneda, Jingkai Wei, Bruce Abbott, Joan K Monin","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf018","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Scholars have increasingly recognized the crucial role that empathy plays as informal caregivers provide unpaid care to their older family and friends (i.e., care recipients). Yet, the existing literature exhibits substantial variability in study approaches and results, which limits the extent to which this literature can inform interventions intended to benefit informal caregivers. We sought to address this critical gap by synthesizing research that examined how caregivers' and care recipients' empathy were associated with caregivers' psychological health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a literature search using PubMed, PsycInfo, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), EMBASE, and Scopus databases and systematically reviewed 21 peer-reviewed studies that were eligible for the current study. We utilized a multilevel random-effects approach and meta-analyzed 17 studies focused on caregivers' negative psychological outcomes (e.g., depressive symptoms, anxiety, burden, burnout, stress).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed small, nonsignificant associations linking caregivers' emotional and cognitive empathy to their negative psychological outcomes. Yet, there were moderate, significant associations between greater emotional and cognitive empathy in care recipients and less negative psychological outcomes in caregivers. We also ran sensitivity tests for different aspects of emotional and cognitive empathy.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This review reveals considerable heterogeneity in extant research but still offers robust evidence linking care recipients' empathy to caregivers' psychological health. Findings highlight the importance of engaging care recipients in interventions targeting caregivers and call for more consistent and nuanced investigations of empathy in caregiving.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12125626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Daily Stress and Cortisol Patterns in Midlife and Older Parents of Children With Developmental Disabilities.","authors":"Jooyoung Kong, Marsha R Mailick, David M Almeida, Jinkuk Hong, Jieun Song, Robert S Dembo","doi":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf067","DOIUrl":"10.1093/geronb/gbaf067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The current study aims to investigate the association between daily stressful experiences and daily diurnal cortisol in midlife and older parents of children with developmental disabilities (DD) and a matched sample of parents of children without DD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Analyses were employed using data from the third wave of the National Study of Daily Experiences (NSDE 3) within the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study, a population-based sample. The study sample included 55 parents of children with DD and 591 comparison parents who provided diurnal cortisol data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multilevel modeling showed that parents of children with DD exhibited a less pronounced cortisol awakening response (CAR) on days when the severity of daily stressors was higher than their average level across days, a pattern that was different than in the comparison group. This finding may suggest a blunted CAR, which aligns with previous research on parents of children with DD and other groups facing chronic stress.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The current study describes a distinct pattern of cortisol response to stressful parenting, evident in midlife and older age, reflecting the lifelong impacts of parenting children with DD.</p>","PeriodicalId":56111,"journal":{"name":"Journals of Gerontology Series B-Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143804938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}