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Epithelial metabolism as a rheostat for intestinal inflammation and malignancy. 上皮代谢是肠道炎症和恶性肿瘤的调节器。
IF 13 1区 生物学
Trends in Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.004
Julian Schwärzler, Lisa Mayr, Felix Grabherr, Herbert Tilg, Timon E Adolph
{"title":"Epithelial metabolism as a rheostat for intestinal inflammation and malignancy.","authors":"Julian Schwärzler, Lisa Mayr, Felix Grabherr, Herbert Tilg, Timon E Adolph","doi":"10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The gut epithelium protects the host from a potentially hostile environment while allowing nutrient uptake that is vital for the organism. To maintain this delicate task, the gut epithelium has evolved multilayered cellular functions ranging from mucus production to hormone release and orchestration of mucosal immunity. Here, we review the execution of intestinal epithelial metabolism in health and illustrate how perturbation of epithelial metabolism affects experimental gut inflammation and tumorigenesis. We also discuss the impact of environmental factors and host-microbe interactions on epithelial metabolism in the context of inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer. Insights into epithelial metabolism hold promise to unravel mechanisms of organismal health that may be therapeutically exploited in humans in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":56085,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":"913-927"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139716632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ER remodeling via lipid metabolism. 通过脂质代谢重塑 ER。
IF 13 1区 生物学
Trends in Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.011
Wonyul Jang, Volker Haucke
{"title":"ER remodeling via lipid metabolism.","authors":"Wonyul Jang, Volker Haucke","doi":"10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unlike most other organelles found in multiple copies, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a unique singular organelle within eukaryotic cells. Despite its continuous membrane structure, encompassing more than half of the cellular endomembrane system, the ER is subdivided into specialized sub-compartments, including morphological, membrane contact site (MCS), and de novo organelle biogenesis domains. In this review, we discuss recent emerging evidence indicating that, in response to nutrient stress, cells undergo a reorganization of these sub-compartmental ER domains through two main mechanisms: non-destructive remodeling of morphological ER domains via regulation of MCS and organelle hitchhiking, and destructive remodeling of specialized domains by ER-phagy. We further highlight and propose a critical role of membrane lipid metabolism in this ER remodeling during starvation.</p>","PeriodicalId":56085,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":"942-954"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139941262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
SUMO proteases: from cellular functions to disease. SUMO 蛋白酶：从细胞功能到疾病。
IF 13 1区 生物学
Trends in Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.002
Laura A Claessens, Alfred C O Vertegaal
{"title":"SUMO proteases: from cellular functions to disease.","authors":"Laura A Claessens, Alfred C O Vertegaal","doi":"10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Posttranslational modification by small ubiquitin-like modifiers (SUMOs) is critical in regulating diverse cellular processes including gene expression, cell cycle progression, genome integrity, cellular metabolism, and inflammation and immunity. The covalent attachment of SUMOs to target proteins is highly dynamic and reversible through the concerted action of SUMO conjugating and deconjugating enzymes. In mammalian cells, sentrin-specific proteases (SENPs) are the most abundant family of deconjugating enzymes. This review highlights recent advances in our knowledge of the substrates and cellular and physiological processes controlled by SENPs. Notably, SENPs are emerging as significant players in cancer, as well as in other diseases, making them attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. Consequently, a growing amount of effort in the field is being directed towards the development of SENP inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":56085,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":"901-912"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139704140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Opportunities and challenges for deep learning in cell dynamics research. 细胞动力学研究中深度学习的机遇与挑战。
IF 13 1区 生物学
Trends in Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.10.010
Binghao Chai, Christoforos Efstathiou, Haoran Yue, Viji M Draviam
{"title":"Opportunities and challenges for deep learning in cell dynamics research.","authors":"Binghao Chai, Christoforos Efstathiou, Haoran Yue, Viji M Draviam","doi":"10.1016/j.tcb.2023.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcb.2023.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The growth of artificial intelligence (AI) has led to an increase in the adoption of computer vision and deep learning (DL) techniques for the evaluation of microscopy images and movies. This adoption has not only addressed hurdles in quantitative analysis of dynamic cell biological processes but has also started to support advances in drug development, precision medicine, and genome-phenome mapping. We survey existing AI-based techniques and tools, as well as open-source datasets, with a specific focus on the computational tasks of segmentation, classification, and tracking of cellular and subcellular structures and dynamics. We summarise long-standing challenges in microscopy video analysis from a computational perspective and review emerging research frontiers and innovative applications for DL-guided automation in cell dynamics research.</p>","PeriodicalId":56085,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":"955-967"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138464665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sugar symphony: glycosylation in cancer metabolism and stemness. 糖交响乐：癌症代谢和干细胞中的糖基化作用
IF 13 1区 生物学
Trends in Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.09.006
Venkatesh Varadharaj, Wyatt Petersen, Surinder K Batra, Moorthy P Ponnusamy
{"title":"Sugar symphony: glycosylation in cancer metabolism and stemness.","authors":"Venkatesh Varadharaj, Wyatt Petersen, Surinder K Batra, Moorthy P Ponnusamy","doi":"10.1016/j.tcb.2024.09.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2024.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Glycosylation is a complex co-translational and post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotes that utilizes glycosyltransferases to generate a vast array of glycoconjugate structures. Recent studies have highlighted the role of glycans in regulating essential molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and systemic biological processes with significant implications for human diseases, particularly cancer. The metabolic reliance of cancer, spanning tumor initiation, disease progression, and resistance to therapy, necessitates a range of uniquely altered cellular metabolic pathways. In addition, the intricate interplay between cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms is exemplified by the communication between cancer cells, cancer stem cells (CSCs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review article, we explore how differential glycosylation in cancer influences the metabolism and stemness features alongside new avenues in glycobiology.</p>","PeriodicalId":56085,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mechanisms suppressing noncoding translation. 抑制非编码翻译的机制
IF 13 1区 生物学
Trends in Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.09.004
Jordan S Kesner, Xuebing Wu
{"title":"Mechanisms suppressing noncoding translation.","authors":"Jordan S Kesner, Xuebing Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.tcb.2024.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2024.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The majority of the DNA sequence in our genome is noncoding and not intended for synthesizing proteins. Nonetheless, genome-wide mapping of ribosome footprints has revealed widespread translation in annotated noncoding sequences, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), untranslated regions (UTRs), and introns of mRNAs. How cells suppress the translation of potentially toxic proteins from various noncoding sequences remains poorly understood. This review summarizes mechanisms for the mitigation of noncoding translation, including the BCL2-associated athanogene 6 (BAG6)-mediated proteasomal degradation pathway, which has emerged as a unifying mechanism to suppress the translation of diverse noncoding sequences in metazoan cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":56085,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Extracellular vesicles from the dead: the final message. 来自死者的细胞外囊泡：最后的信息。
IF 13 1区 生物学
Trends in Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.09.005
Bo Shi, Thanh Kha Phan, Ivan K H Poon
{"title":"Extracellular vesicles from the dead: the final message.","authors":"Bo Shi, Thanh Kha Phan, Ivan K H Poon","doi":"10.1016/j.tcb.2024.09.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2024.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Communication between dying and neighbouring cells is vital to ensure appropriate processes such as tissue repair or inflammation are initiated in response to cell death. As a mechanism to aid intercellular communication, cells undergoing apoptosis can release membrane-bound extracellular vesicles (EVs) called apoptotic-cell-derived EVs (ApoEVs) that can influence downstream processes through biomolecules within or on ApoEVs. ApoEVs are broadly categorised based on size as either large ApoEVs known as apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs) or small ApoEVs (s-ApoEVs). Notably, the mechanisms of ApoBD and s-ApoEV formation are different, and the functions of these two ApoEV subsets are distinct. This Review focuses on the biogenesis and functional properties of both ApoBDs and s-ApoEVs, particularly in the context of cell clearance, cell signalling and disease progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":56085,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ERMCS Ca2+ transmission fuels cell division. ERMCS Ca2+ 传输促进细胞分裂。
IF 13 1区 生物学
Trends in Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.10.002
Muniswamy Madesh, Neelanjan Vishnu, Dhanendra Tomar
{"title":"ERMCS Ca<sup>2+</sup> transmission fuels cell division.","authors":"Muniswamy Madesh, Neelanjan Vishnu, Dhanendra Tomar","doi":"10.1016/j.tcb.2024.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tcb.2024.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitosis is a cellular process that demands high energy, but it was previously unclear how this process is linked with mitochondrial ATP production. Zhao et al. describe how during mitosis, the lamin B receptor migrates to the ER membrane to enhance ER-mitochondria contact sites, coordinating Ca<sup>2+</sup> surges that increase ATP production necessary for cell division.</p>","PeriodicalId":56085,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142513568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Emerging roles of ECSIT in immunity and tumorigenesis. ECSIT 在免疫和肿瘤发生中的新作用。
IF 13 1区 生物学
Trends in Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.09.003
Shuo Yang, Fiachra Humphries
{"title":"Emerging roles of ECSIT in immunity and tumorigenesis.","authors":"Shuo Yang, Fiachra Humphries","doi":"10.1016/j.tcb.2024.09.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2024.09.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondria are signaling hubs that produce immunomodulatory metabolites during the immune response. In addition, mitochondria also facilitate the recruitment and anchoring of immune signaling complexes during infection. Evolutionary conserved signaling intermediate in toll (ECSIT) was initially described as a positive regulator of the transcription factor Nuclear factor kappa-light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). More recently, ECSIT has emerged as a regulator of bacterial clearance, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS), and mitophagy. In addition, ECSIT has been identified as a control point in responding to viral infection and tumorigenesis. Notably, ECSIT loss in different models and cell types has been found to lead to enhanced tumorigenesis. Thus, ECSIT functions as a metabolic tumor suppressor and limits cancer pathogenesis. In this review, we highlight the key functions and crosstalk mechanisms that ECSIT bridges between cell metabolism and immunity and focus then on the antitumor role of ECSIT independent of immunity.</p>","PeriodicalId":56085,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Crosstalk between mitochondria-ER contact sites and the apoptotic machinery as a novel health meter. 线粒体-ER 接触点与凋亡机制之间的相互影响是一种新型健康指标。
IF 13 1区 生物学
Trends in Cell Biology Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.08.007
Alvaro Larrañaga-SanMiguel, Nora Bengoa-Vergniory, Hector Flores-Romero
{"title":"Crosstalk between mitochondria-ER contact sites and the apoptotic machinery as a novel health meter.","authors":"Alvaro Larrañaga-SanMiguel, Nora Bengoa-Vergniory, Hector Flores-Romero","doi":"10.1016/j.tcb.2024.08.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcb.2024.08.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact sites (MERCS) function as transient signaling platforms that regulate essential cellular functions. MERCS are enriched in specific proteins and lipids that connect mitochondria and the ER together and modulate their activities. Dysregulation of MERCS is associated with several human pathologies including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and cancer. BCL-2 family proteins can locate at MERCS and control essential cellular functions such as calcium signaling and autophagy in addition to their role in mitochondrial apoptosis. Moreover, the BCL-2-mediated apoptotic machinery was recently found to trigger cGAS-STING pathway activation and a proinflammatory response, a recognized hallmark of these diseases that requires mitochondria-ER interplay. This review underscores the pivotal role of MERCS in regulating essential cellular functions, focusing on their crosstalk with BCL-2 family proteins, and discusses how their dysregulation is linked to disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":56085,"journal":{"name":"Trends in Cell Biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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