Science Progress最新文献

{"title":"Efficacy and safety of anti-programmed death-1 antibody-based combination therapy in advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer in Chinese patients: A real-world study.","authors":"Yifan Gao, Haoqian Li, Lei Qiu, Hongtu Yuan, Qing Fan, Zuoxing Niu, Ligang Xing, Mingxing Li, Dandan Yuan","doi":"10.1177/00368504241272703","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504241272703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Programmed death-1 antibody plus chemotherapy has gained approval for the treatment for (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative locally advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer. This study aims to analyze the efficacy and safety of anti-programmed death-1 antibody combined with chemo- or anti-angiogenesis therapy in Chinese patients with advanced or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction cancer in a real-world setting.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In total, 122 patients treated with anti-programmed death-1 antibody-based combination therapy between April 2019 and December 2021 were encompassed. Clinical outcomes and safety profile were measured and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the whole cohort, median overall survival was 17.2 months, median progression-free survival was 10.9 months, and median duration of response was 9.4 months. Notably, in the first-line patients, the median overall survival was not reached, median progression-free survival was 14.8 months, objective response rate was 68.4%. In the second-line group, median overall survival, median progression-free survival, median duration of response, and objective response rate were 10.9 months, 5.9 months, 4.5 months, and 41.5%, respectively. Treatment-related adverse events of any grade were observed in 28.2% of the overall cohort, primarily affecting the hematological and liver function. Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were mainly characterized by increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, along with decreased lymphocyte and white blood cells, as well as anemia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients in our cohort experienced a clinical benefit from anti-programmed death-1 antibody-combined treatment in first-line treatment settings, with acceptable treatment-related adverse events. The benefit of anti-programmed death-1 antibody combined with chemo- or anti-angiogenesis treatment to the second-line patients should be further confirmed by large multi-center randomized, controlled clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"107 3","pages":"368504241272703"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11339938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142009985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1,4-Diol Hq (TBHQ) vs 1,4-dithiol (TBDT); simulation of safe antioxidant with a lower carcinogenic activity.","authors":"Seyed Zahra Mosavi, Abasalt Hosseinzadeh Colagar, Tahereh Zahedi, Bagher Seyedalipour","doi":"10.1177/00368504241280869","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504241280869","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong><i>tert</i>-Butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) is an antioxidant and preservative used in unsaturated vegetable oils and processed foods. However, when consumed in higher doses daily, it may pose a threat to public health by potentially increasing the risk of cancer, as it has an affinity with both the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aimed to examine the impact of substituting the 1,4-diol of TBHQ with 1,4-dithiol, referred to as TBDT, on the carcinogenic and antioxidant systems using computational methods. The binding affinity of TBHQ and TBDT to the two carcinogenic receptors, AhR and ERα, as well as to the antioxidant receptor Keap1 alone and in connection with Nrf2 (Nrf2-Keap1) was investigated through docking analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicated a decrease in TBDT's binding strength to ERα and AhR when assessed using Molegro Virtual Docker (<i>P</i>-value: 0.0001 and 0.00001, respectively), AutoDock Vina (<i>P</i>-value: 0.0001 and 0.0001), and the online server Fast DRH (<i>P</i>-value: 0.0001 and 0.0001). However, TBDT's binding affinity to Keap1 was predicted to be significantly stronger than TBHQ's by both MVD and AutoDock Vina (<i>P</i>-value: 0.0001 and 0.04), while its binding to Nrf2-Keap1 assessed to be stronger only by MVD (<i>P</i>-value: 0.0001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that TBDT not only exhibits higher antioxidant activity as a better ligand for the antioxidant system but also shows lower affinity with the AhR and ERα receptors. Therefore, TBDT can be considered a safer compound than TBHQ.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"107 3","pages":"368504241280869"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11445769/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Slow sound mode prediction and band structure calculation in 1D phononic crystal nanobeams using an artificial neural network.","authors":"Fu-Li Hsiao, Yen-Tung Yang, Wen-Kai Lin, Ying-Pin Tsai","doi":"10.1177/00368504241272461","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504241272461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phononic crystals, which are artificial crystals formed by the periodic arrangement of materials with different elastic coefficients in space, can display modulated sound waves propagating within them. Similar to the natural crystals used in semiconductor research with electronic bandgaps, phononic crystals exhibit the characteristics of phononic bandgaps. A gap design can be utilized to create various resonant cavities, confining specific resonance modes within the defects of the structure. In studies on phononic crystals, phononic band structure diagrams are often used to investigate the variations in phononic bandgaps and elastic resonance modes. As the phononic band frequencies vary nonlinearly with the structural parameters, numerous calculations are required to analyze the gap or mode frequency shifts in phononic band structure diagrams. However, traditional calculation methods are time-consuming. Therefore, this study proposes the use of neural networks to replace the time-consuming calculation processes of traditional methods. Numerous band structure diagrams are initially obtained through the finite-element method and serve as the raw dataset, and a certain proportion of the data is randomly extracted from the dataset for neural network training. By treating each mode point in the band structure diagram as an independent data point, the training dataset for neural networks can be expanded from a small number to a large number of band structure diagrams. This study also introduces another network that effectively improves mode prediction accuracy by training neural networks to focus on specific modes. The proposed method effectively reduces the cost of repetitive calculations.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"107 3","pages":"368504241272461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11307336/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141898985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ICBEPS 2024 Abstract.","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/00368504241264858","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504241264858","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"107 3","pages":"368504241264858"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11311165/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141908487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing an eco-driving strategy in a hybrid traffic network using reinforcement learning.","authors":"Umar Jamil, Mostafa Malmir, Alan Chen, Monika Filipovska, Mimi Xie, Caiwen Ding, Yu-Fang Jin","doi":"10.1177/00368504241263406","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504241263406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eco-driving has garnered considerable research attention owing to its potential socio-economic impact, including enhanced public health and mitigated climate change effects through the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. With an expectation of more autonomous vehicles (AVs) on the road, an eco-driving strategy in hybrid traffic networks encompassing AV and human-driven vehicles (HDVs) with the coordination of traffic lights is a challenging task. The challenge is partially due to the insufficient infrastructure for collecting, transmitting, and sharing real-time traffic data among vehicles, facilities, and traffic control centers, and the following decision-making of agents involved in traffic control. Additionally, the intricate nature of the existing traffic network, with its diverse array of vehicles and facilities, contributes to the challenge by hindering the development of a mathematical model for accurately characterizing the traffic network. In this study, we utilized the Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) simulator to tackle the first challenge through computational analysis. To address the second challenge, we employed a model-free reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm, proximal policy optimization, to decide the actions of AV and traffic light signals in a traffic network. A novel eco-driving strategy was proposed by introducing different percentages of AV into the traffic flow and collaborating with traffic light signals using RL to control the overall speed of the vehicles, resulting in improved fuel consumption efficiency. Average rewards with different penetration rates of AV (5%, 10%, and 20% of total vehicles) were compared to the situation without any AV in the traffic flow (0% penetration rate). The 10% penetration rate of AV showed a minimum time of convergence to achieve average reward, leading to a significant reduction in fuel consumption and total delay of all vehicles.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"107 3","pages":"368504241263406"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11320699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141753484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ulinastatin shortens the length of ICU stay in critical patients with organ failure: A 7-year real-world study.","authors":"Lixue Wu, Deduo Xu, Yanru Liu, Wenfang Li, Weiwei Jiang, Xia Tao, Jinyuan Zhang, Ze Yu, Fei Gao, Wansheng Chen, Zhaofen Lin, Yi Shan","doi":"10.1177/00368504241272696","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504241272696","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ulinastatin has been applied in a series of diseases associated with inflammation but its clinical effects remain somewhat elusive.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to investigate the potential effects of ulinastatin on organ failure patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a single-center retrospective study on organ failure patients from 2013 to 2019. Patients were divided into two groups according to using ulinastatin or not during hospitalization. Propensity score matching was applied to reduce bias. The outcomes of interest were 28-day all-cause mortality, length of ICU stay, and mechanical ventilation duration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 841 patients who fulfilled the entry criteria, 247 received ulinastatin. A propensity-matched cohort of 608 patients was created. No significant differences in 28-day mortality between the two groups. Sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) was identified as the independent risk factor associated with mortality. In the subgroup with SOFA ≤ 10, patients received ulinastatin experienced significantly shorter time in ICU (10.0 d [interquartile range, IQR: 7.0∼20.0] vs 15.0 d [IQR: 7.0∼25.0]; <i>p </i>= .004) and on mechanical ventilation (222 h [IQR:114∼349] vs 251 h [IQR: 123∼499]; <i>P </i>= .01), but the 28-day mortality revealed no obvious difference (10.5% vs 9.4%; <i>p </i>= .74).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ulinastatin was beneficial in treating patients in ICU with organ failure, mainly by reducing the length of ICU stay and duration of mechanical ventilation.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"107 3","pages":"368504241272696"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11325468/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141977340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative genomics revealed new insights into the plastome evolution of <i>Ludwigia</i> (Onagraceae, Myrtales).","authors":"Hoang Danh Nguyen, Hoang Dang Khoa Do, Minh Thiet Vu","doi":"10.1177/00368504241272741","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504241272741","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The primrose-willow (<i>Ludwigia</i> L.), a well-defined genus of the Onagraceae family, comprises 87 species widely distributed worldwide. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of three species in the genus, including <i>Ludwigia adscendens</i>, <i>Ludwigia hyssopifolia</i>, and <i>Ludwigia prostrata</i>. Three <i>Ludwigia</i> cp genomes ranged from 158,354 to 159,592 bp in size, and each contained 113 genes, including 79 unique protein-coding genes (PCGs), four rRNA genes, and 30 tRNA genes. A comparison of the <i>Ludwigia</i> cp genomes revealed that they were highly conserved in gene composition, gene orientation, and GC content. Moreover, we compared the structure of cp genomes and reconstructed phylogenetic relationships with related species in the Onagraceae family. Regarding contraction/expansion of inverted repeat (IR) region, two kinds of expansion IR region structures were found in <i>Oenothera</i>, <i>Chamaenerion</i>, and <i>Epilobium</i> genera, with primitive IR structures in <i>Ludwigia</i> and <i>Circeae</i> genera. The regions <i>clpP</i>, <i>ycf2</i>, and <i>ycf1</i> genes possessed highly divergent nucleotides among all available cp genomes of the Onagraceae family. The phylogenetic reconstruction using 79 PCGs from 39 Onagraceae cp genomes inferred that <i>Ludwigia</i> (including <i>L. adscendens</i>, <i>L. hyssopifolia</i>, <i>L. prostrata</i>, and <i>Ludwigia octovalvis</i>) clade was monophyletic and well-supported by the bootstrap and posterior probability values. This study provides the reference cp genomes of three <i>Ludwigia</i> species, which can be used for species identification and phylogenetic reconstruction of <i>Ludwigia</i> and Onagraceae taxa.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"107 3","pages":"368504241272741"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11329976/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141989643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using learning-by-concordance to develop reasoning in epistaxis management with online feedback: A pilot study.","authors":"Benjamin Verillaud, Marine Veleur, Romain Kania, Ivry Zagury-Orly, Nicolas Fernandez, Bernard Charlin","doi":"10.1177/00368504241274583","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504241274583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epistaxis is a recurring cause for referral to emergency departments. Its management can be complex; hence, it is critical to provide appropriate support to Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) residents to develop clinical reasoning skills to manage such cases. Learning-by-Concordance (LbC) is a recently developed educational tool that encourages learners to think through simulated clinical scenarios. A panel of ENTs provides insightful feedback to residents, reflecting a diversity of opinions about practice. Our study aimed to assess LbC's feasibility and perceived value for training OHNS residents in epistaxis management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this qualitative study, three OHNS surgeons, including two faculty members and one resident, wrote the LbC scenarios. The LbC tool was made available to participants through an online platform. A panel of four OHNS faculty provided feedback on answers to LbC questions. Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery residents participated and provided their opinion on the value of this educational tool through an online questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 10 one-hour sessions were required to create and upload the training tool. To provide insightful feedback embedded in the learning tool, the four panelists needed 60 min each. Of the 37 participating residents, 25 (68%) completed the training. Overall satisfaction was high: 88% appreciated the training method, and 92% wanted to use this type of training again. Most residents felt the training enabled them to improve their clinical reasoning when encountering a patient with epistaxis (92%) and their knowledge about epistaxis (96%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Findings suggest that OHNS residents could benefit from clinical reasoning exercises with panelist feedback using the LbC approach for clinical presentations that require complex approaches to manage conditions such as epistaxis.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"107 3","pages":"368504241274583"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11363224/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zinc oxide nanoparticles intercalated with porous carbon as a separator coating for improving the stability of lithium metal anodes.","authors":"Lei Li, Chunhong Hu, Juanjuan Li, Anwei Shen, Shijiang Tan","doi":"10.1177/00368504241276773","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504241276773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metal lithium negative electrodes are considered the \"holy grail\" of lithium battery negative electrodes due to their ultra-high energy density and low overpotential. However, the arbitrary growth of lithium dendrites during the cycling process hindered its industrialization process. We prepared porous carbon doped with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZNC-MOF-5) by high-temperature carbonization of MOF-5, and coated ZNC-MOF-5 on the surface of commercial membranes (ZNC-MOF-5@PP). Used to improve the cycling stability of metal lithium negative electrodes. Zinc oxide nanoparticles in ZNC-MOF-5 have good lithium affinity and can promote Li⁺ deposition. The porous structure with a high specific surface area endows the electrode with high lithium loading capacity, reduces local current density, and obtains a dendrite-free metal lithium negative electrode. The electrochemical cycling performance of Li/Cu batteries indicates that, ZNC-MOF-5@PP. The separator can prevent the growth of dendrites and improve cycling stability, proving that ZNC-MOF-5 can effectively guide the deposition of Li and solve dendrite problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"107 3","pages":"368504241276773"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142115152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Getting to the root of root-microbe interactions.","authors":"William L King, Regan J Hayward, Marc Goebel, Suzanne M Fleishman, Taryn L Bauerle, Terrence H Bell","doi":"10.1177/00368504241278783","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504241278783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Microbial relationships with roots influence many ecosystem functions and nutrient fluxes, including their sometimes-profound effects on plant health and productivity. Fine roots were often classified with a diameter less than 2 mm, but fine roots under that size perform distinct functional roles in the environment. Importantly, two broad functional categories of fine roots are <i>absorptive</i> and <i>transportive</i>, with absorptive fine roots acting as metabolic hotspots for root activity. In two of our recent studies, we have shown that several microbial community characteristics differ between absorptive and transportive fine roots, including composition, abundance, and function, as well as the root metabolome. This highlights a growing recognition within microbial ecology that we must consider fine-scale environmental variability, such as root physiology and morphology, when interpreting microbial patterns. In this commentary, we summarize the findings of our latest article, further speculate on some of these patterns, and suggest future studies for examining decomposition and applying cutting-edge single-cell sequencing techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"107 3","pages":"368504241278783"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11378194/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142134595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}