Science Progress最新文献

{"title":"Enhancing body fat prediction with WGAN-GP data augmentation and XGBoost algorithm.","authors":"Xiangyu Wang, Shuai Chang","doi":"10.1177/00368504251366850","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504251366850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Background and ObjectiveMachine learning models offer a practical approach for estimating body fat percentage from simple anthropometric data. However, the scarcity of biomedical data frequently leads to model overfitting, compromising predictive accuracy. Generative data augmentation presents a promising strategy to address this limitation. This study develops and evaluates a generative data augmentation framework to enhance body fat prediction from limited anthropometric data.MethodsA public dataset comprising 249 male subjects was partitioned into development (80%) and test (20%) sets. The fidelity of Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Network with Gradient Penalty (WGAN-GP), random noise injection, and mixup was compared to select the optimal method. Subsequently, XGBoost, Support Vector Regression, and Multi-layer Perceptron models were trained and validated, comparing performance with and without the selected augmentation. Final model generalization was assessed on the independent test set using the coefficient of determination (R²), Mean Absolute Error, and Root Mean Squared Error.ResultsAmong the evaluated augmentation techniques, the WGAN-GP generated synthetic data with the highest fidelity. On the original data, the baseline XGBoost model achieved a R² of 0.67; this performance increased to 0.77 on the test set when using WGAN-GP augmentation. Feature importance analysis of the final model identified abdominal circumference as the most significant predictor of body fat percentage.ConclusionThe WGAN-GP is a highly effective method for generating realistic synthetic anthropometric data. Integrating these synthetic samples into the training pipeline substantially improves the generalization and predictive accuracy of machine learning models. This methodology offers a robust solution for developing more accurate and accessible predictive health models in data-scarce environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"108 3","pages":"368504251366850"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12332371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on damage evolution mechanism of sandstones with different lithologies under freeze-thaw cyclic loads.","authors":"Junpeng Li, Wencai Wang, Hongbo Yao, Jingjing Yan, Zhenyu Pei","doi":"10.1177/00368504251368706","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504251368706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rock is the most common engineering material in nature, among which sandstone has the widest distribution. It is characterized by its loose structure, strong water absorption, and decreased strength when wet. Especially in cold regions, significant seasonal and diurnal temperature fluctuations can lead to the formation of unique frozen rock bodies. As the seasons and day-night cycles change, these can transition into thawed states, generating immense local tensile and compressive stresses which result in irreversible damage to rocks with low cementing strength, making them highly susceptible to stability disasters. Therefore, studying the damage degradation mechanisms of rocks under freeze-thaw cyclic loads is crucial for the safety evaluation and disaster prediction of engineering projects in cold regions. However, rocks of different lithologies in various engineering contexts exhibit significant differences, leading to distinct damage evolution mechanisms under freeze-thaw cycles and loads, resulting in varying failure effects. In light of this fact, to explore the damage evolution mechanisms of sandstones with different lithologies, this study comprehensively employs theoretical analysis and experimental methods to conduct freeze-thaw and load tests on Green Sandstone (QSY) and Yellow Sandstone (HSY) within a temperature range of -30 to 30°C for 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 cycles. The following results were obtained: The variation patterns of peak stress and elastic modulus in QSY and HSY under increasing pore numbers and pore sizes during freeze-thaw cycles have been identified. Differences in rock damage resulting from variations in mineral composition between the two rock types have been clarified. It has been confirmed that QSY exhibits more pronounced degradation under identical conditions, with a macroscopic fracture surface forming after 40 freeze-thaw cycles. Five evolutionary stages of QSY and HSY under cyclic freeze-thaw and loading conditions have been established. The analysis revealed that the trends in event rate and cumulative event count align with the characteristics observed in the stress-strain curve. Notably, the emergence of a high event rate without a corresponding low event rate was identified as a precursor to specimen failure, with 30 freeze-thaw cycles marking the transition point where QSY shifts from brittle to plastic failure behavior. In contrast, HSY consistently exhibits brittle failure throughout the process. A damage model under combined freeze-thaw and loading conditions has been developed, elucidating the evolution characteristics across three stages-quiescent, accelerated, and stable. The correlation between the number of freeze-thaw cycles and the initial damage value has been determined, confirming that QSY is more susceptible to freeze-thaw effects under comparable conditions. Furthermore, the accelerated damage stage has been identified as the critical phase leading to rock failure and instability.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"108 3","pages":"368504251368706"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12344358/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144823275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A synapse perspective on the function of the amyloid precursor protein.","authors":"Pia Kruse, Amelie Eichler, Larissa Klukas, Maximilian Lenz","doi":"10.1177/00368504251360728","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504251360728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The amyloid precursor protein (APP) is a transmembrane protein widely expressed throughout the brain, where it plays critical roles in both physiological and pathological states. APP undergoes complex post-translational processing by various secretases, a process that can lead to amyloid plaque formation via its amyloidogenic pathway. Consequently, APP has been extensively studied in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, emerging evidence highlights its physiological functions and the diverse roles of its cleavage fragments. This review explores the dual role of APP and its fragments, focusing on their contributions to synaptic structure, function, and plasticity. We summarize the mechanisms by which APP and its fragments influence synaptic dynamics and plasticity in the hippocampal CA1 region. These insights underline the importance of APP beyond amyloidogenesis, emphasizing its role in fundamental neurobiological processes and potential implications for understanding early AD-related synaptic dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"108 3","pages":"368504251360728"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144755231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe oral and cutaneous immune-related adverse events induced by PD-1 inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates: Case reports and management strategies.","authors":"Furong Yang, Peiru Zhou, Hong Hua","doi":"10.1177/00368504251364109","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504251364109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With increased use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for treating tumors, immune-related adverse events (IrAEs) have risen. Severe cases of anti-PD-1 therapy-induced IrAEs such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)-like and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)-like lesions are rare but fatal. We report two cases of patients with malignant tumors who developed oral and cutaneous severe IrAEs: one induced by a PD-1 inhibitor alone and the other by a combination of a PD-1 inhibitor and an antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Both of them developed severe lesions resembling erythema multiforme (EM) and SJS, accompanied by lichenoid reactions. Treatment with short-term low-dose oral glucocorticoids with topical glucocorticoids resulted in satisfactory outcomes. These case reports highlight rare and severe IrAEs induced by PD-1 inhibitors and ADCs and demonstrate how optimal outcomes were achieved for patients with severe IrAEs.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"108 3","pages":"368504251364109"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12317210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144746132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of hemodynamic and functional variables with pulmonary vasculopathy in lung transplant recipients living at high altitude: A retrospective study.","authors":"Rafael Conde-Camacho, Eduardo Tuta-Quintero, Fabio Varón-Vega, Jacqueline Mugnier, Libardo Marmolejo, Diego Severiche, Luis F Giraldo-Cadavid","doi":"10.1177/00368504251367283","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504251367283","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivePulmonary hypertension is a heterogeneous syndrome with diverse underlying etiologies. This study aimed to evaluate the association between preoperative hemodynamic parameters-assessed by right heart catheterization (RHC) and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE)-and histopathological findings in explanted lungs from transplant recipients residing at high altitude.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of lung transplant recipients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) who had available RHC and TTE data prior to transplantation. Clinical, functional, hemodynamic, and histopathological variables were collected to assess the presence and severity of pulmonary vasculopathy. Bivariate analyses, correlation tests, and internally validated predictive models were performed to explore these associations.ResultsA total of 38 patients were included (median age: 54 years). The median mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was 33 mmHg, and the pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) was 42 mmHg. An inverse correlation was observed between vasculopathy grade and the ratio of tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion to PASP (TAPSE/PASP) (<i>r</i> = -0.49, <i>p</i> = 0.007). Trends toward significance were found for percent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC%) (<i>r</i> = -0.30, <i>p</i> = 0.074) and catheter-derived PASP (<i>r</i> = 0.30, <i>p</i> = 0.070). A moderate positive correlation was noted between vasculopathy grade and echocardiographic mPAP (<i>r</i> = 0.41, <i>p</i> = 0.003). Among all parameters evaluated, the product of TAPSE and FVC% demonstrated the highest discriminative ability for vasculopathy (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] = 0.790), followed by FVC% (AUC = 0.689) and TAPSE (AUC = 0.678).ConclusionsNoninvasive measures-particularly the TAPSE/PASP ratio and composite indices incorporating FVC%-demonstrate moderate correlation with histopathological evidence of pulmonary vasculopathy in ILD patients living at high altitude. These findings highlight the potential utility of noninvasive tools in the preoperative evaluation of pulmonary vascular disease in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"108 3","pages":"368504251367283"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12361843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144876959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between multivessel disease and outcomes in acute lower limb ischemia: A cohort study.","authors":"Simão Almeida-Oliveira, João Rocha-Neves, Leonardo Araujo-Andrade, Mariana Fragao Marques, Tomasz Goryń, Izabela Taranta, Włodzimierz Hendiger, Hugo Ribeiro, Piotr Myrcha","doi":"10.1177/00368504251355146","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504251355146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveAcute lower limb ischemia (ALI) is closely linked to conditions like diabetes mellitus and peripheral arterial disease, as well as the presence of polyvascular disease (PVD). The present retrospective observational study aimed to evaluate the impact of PVD on perioperative outcomes in patients with ALI.MethodsAmong 161 consecutive patients, these were categorized into subgroups based on their PVD status: control (<i>N</i> = 81), PVD1 (single arterial bed involvement) (<i>N</i> = 62), and PVD2 (coronary and cerebrovascular) (<i>N</i> = 18). Descriptive statistics and univariate analysis were performed.ResultsThe mean age was 71.17 ± 11.6. Higher prevalences of diabetes mellitus (<i>n</i> = 21, 33.9% in PVD1; <i>n</i> = 8, 44.4% in PVD2) and hypertension (<i>n</i> = 55, 88.7% in PVD1; <i>n</i> = 16, 88.9% in PVD2) were reported for the PVD groups, when comparing to controls, who registered 13 (16.0%) and 41 (50.6%) individuals, respectively. Anticoagulant therapy and acute myocardial infarction were more common in the PVD1 and PVD2 groups (<i>p</i> = 0.005 and <i>p</i> = 0.001). Non-cardiovascular mortality rates were significantly higher in the PVD groups, with 24.2% in PVD1 and 33.3% in PVD2 compared to 11.1% in the control group (<i>p</i> = 0.033).ConclusionsThe study concluded that PVD significantly impacts the status of ALI patients, emphasizing the need for tailored, multidisciplinary care.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"108 3","pages":"368504251355146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12365456/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144876921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between NETosis-related genes and 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis: An observational retrospective study and bioinformatic analysis.","authors":"Liu Yang, Liang Chen","doi":"10.1177/00368504251374929","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504251374929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveSepsis, a systemic inflammatory response triggered by infection, is characterized by organ dysfunction. NETosis, a form of cell death involving the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), plays a crucial antimicrobial role during sepsis. This study aimed to explore the relationship between NETosis-related genes (NRGs) and 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis.MethodsThis retrospective observational study utilized the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent prognostic factors. A nomogram was then constructed to assess the potential of these factors in predicting 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis. Additionally, a Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed to identify NRGs with causal associations to 28-day mortality in sepsis. Expression validation was carried out using the GSE65682 dataset from a public database, followed by identification of key genes. Enrichment analysis was performed to uncover the molecular mechanisms associated with these key genes in sepsis.ResultsA total of 909 patients with sepsis (706 survivors and 203 non-survivors) were identified from the MIMIC-IV database. Seven independent prognostic factors, including absolute neutrophil counts, were identified. The nomogram developed proved to be a reliable tool for predicting 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis. The MR study identified 12 NRGs with a unidirectional causal relationship to 28-day mortality, with AKT1 and CXCR2 emerging as key genes. Both genes are predominantly involved in immune-related pathways.ConclusionAnalysis of the MIMIC-IV database highlighted neutrophil_abs as a significant prognostic factor for 28-day mortality in sepsis. Transcriptomic analysis identified AKT1 and CXCR2 as critical genes associated with 28-day mortality, providing insights into potential therapeutic strategies for sepsis.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"108 3","pages":"368504251374929"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12402590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144978937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role and mechanism of abnormal lipid metabolism in colorectal cancer.","authors":"Jinhui Zha, Pengxu Cang, Yonghao Zhong, Ruilin Liu, Gang Fan","doi":"10.1177/00368504251368237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504251368237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Colorectal cancer ranks among the most prevalent and lethal malignant tumors globally. Historically, the incidence of colorectal cancer in China has been lower than that in developed European and American countries; however, recent trends indicate a rising incidence due to changes in dietary patterns and lifestyle. Lipids serve critical roles in human physiology, such as energy provision, cell membrane formation, signaling molecule function, and hormone synthesis. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism is strongly associated with various metabolic disorders, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, hepatic steatosis, and diabetes, as well as tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. Lipid metabolism significantly contributes to cancer development by facilitating biofilm synthesis, supplying substrates for biomass production, and activating signaling pathways linked to cancer cell proliferation and migration. This narrative review summarizes recent advancements in understanding the regulation of lipid metabolism in colorectal cancer, evaluates potential molecular targets, and highlights relevant clinical trials. All relevant literature was retrieved through a comprehensive search of the PubMed database.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"108 3","pages":"368504251368237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the link: Is Parkinson's disease a causal factor for glaucoma? Insights from Mendelian randomization.","authors":"M M Bin Lin, M M Long-Long Chen, M M Mei-Yi Zhu, M D Dong-Kan Li","doi":"10.1177/00368504251377961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504251377961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundGlaucoma is recognized as the second-leading cause of complete blindness in developed countries and a significant contributor to irreversible vision loss worldwide. Understanding the potential genetic links between neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, and glaucoma is crucial for developing preventive strategies.MethodsThis study utilized data from Genome-Wide Association Studies databases, focusing on European populations without gender restrictions. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables based on criteria ensuring no direct association with outcomes and independence from confounding factors. Mendelian randomization analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between SNP effect sizes for Parkinson's disease and the risk of developing glaucoma. Finally, detailed information on high-risk SNP loci was queried and compared in the Ensembl gene database to further explore the relationship between the two diseases.ResultsThe analysis revealed that for every one standard deviation increase in the SNP effect size for Parkinson's disease, the risk of developing glaucoma increased by 0.3% to 11.9%. Pleiotropy testing indicated a <i>p</i>-value of 0.464, suggesting that genetic pleiotropy is unlikely to affect the results. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the stability of the findings. A notable observation is the proximity between the loci of both diseases on chromosome 7. However, this positional overlap alone, without functional validation, does not confirm biological relevance.ConclusionThe study provides suggestive evidence of a potential causal relationship, suggesting that genetic factors associated with Parkinson's disease may potentially contribute to an increased risk of glaucoma. These findings tentatively highlight the need to consider neurodegeneration-related mechanisms in glaucoma management and prevention, though further validation is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"108 3","pages":"368504251377961"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145031339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embryonic stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles alleviate lead-induced cochlear spiral ganglion neurons injury by activating PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway.","authors":"Lu Wang, Yijiang Bai, Yuanyuan Sun, Li Li, Ye He, GuoWei Li, Di Liu, Zhijun Huang, Jian Song, Hong Wu, Hui Li, Xuewen Wu","doi":"10.1177/00368504251358007","DOIUrl":"10.1177/00368504251358007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveEmbryonic stem cell (ESC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) exhibit considerable potential as an innovative therapeutic approach in the fields of regenerative medicine and disease management. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the protective efficacy of ESC-sEVs against lead acetate (PbAc)-induced damage in cochlear spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs).MethodsCochlear SGNs of neonatal rats were primarily cultured and administrated with (i) serum-free medium (control); (ii) 25 μM PbAc; (iii) 0.05 μg/μl ESC-sEVs (ESC-sEVs); (iv) 25 μM PbAc + 0.05 μg/μl ESC-sEVs (PbAc + ESC-sEVs). After treatment, cell viability of SGNs was assessed by CCK-8 assay. The changes in levels of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxides, and apoptosis were detected by immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The protective mechanisms of ESC-sEVs against lead-induced SGNs damage were elucidated by RNA sequencing and western blot analysis.ResultsThe findings revealed that ESC-sEVs significantly increased the viability of SGNs subjected to PbAc exposure. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry revealed that ESC-sEVs effectively attenuated oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and apoptotic processes in PbAc-exposed SGNs. Furthermore, RNA sequencing and western blot analysis demonstrated that ESC-sEVs activated the PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway, which plays a pivotal role in alleviating lead-induced neuronal injury.ConclusionIn conclusion, this study provides the first evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of ESC-sEVs in addressing lead-induced ototoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":56061,"journal":{"name":"Science Progress","volume":"108 3","pages":"368504251358007"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12254551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144592943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"综合性期刊","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}