Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Editorial: Bridging the gap: implementing building blocks of the nervous system to simulate neuronal functions at different levels.","authors":"Yasuhito Watanabe, Yutaka Sakaguchi, Janet L Paluh","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1335723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2023.1335723","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1335723"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10716425/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138812297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Moralizing Effect: self-directed emotions and their impact on culpability attributions","authors":"Elisabetta Sirgiovanni, Joanna Smolenski, Ben Abelson, Taylor Webb","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1232523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2023.1232523","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionA general trend in the psychological literature suggests that guilt contributes to morality more than shame does. Unlike shame-prone individuals, guilt-prone individuals internalize the causality of negative events, attribute responsibility in the first person, and engage in responsible behavior. However, it is not known how guilt- and shame-proneness interact with the attribution of responsibility to others.MethodsIn two Web-based experiments, participants reported their attributions of moral culpability (i.e., responsibility, causality, punishment and decision-making) about morally ambiguous acts of killing in different conditions. In Study 1 the vignettes were presented in the 1st person, while in Study 2 in the 3rd person. To test proneness to guilt and shame, we utilized the GASP scale, which differentiates between the affective and behavioral components of each emotion. Statistical analyses were performed in Matlab and R.ResultsWe found that guilt- and shame-proneness were associated with the severity of attributions in both the first and the third person, but the effect was strong only in the guilt case (both subtypes) and shame-affect case, and not in the shame-behavior case. We call this the Moralizing Effect.DiscussionWe wonder whether our finding that guilt-prone people tend to attribute a higher degree of culpability to others is really consistent with the view that guilt motivates people to choose the “moral paths in life”. This echoes views about the harmful aspects of guilt, which have been expressed historically in philosophy, for example, by Friedrich Nietzsche.","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"111 2-4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuronal activity in posterior parietal cortex area LIP is not sufficient for saccadic eye movement production","authors":"Emiliano Brunamonti, Martin Paré","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1251431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2023.1251431","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely recognized that the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) plays a role in active exploration with eye movements, arm reaching, and hand grasping. Whether this role is causal in nature is largely unresolved. One region of the PPC appears dedicated to the control of saccadic eye movement—lateral intraparietal (LIP) area. This area LIP possesses direct projections to well-established oculomotor centers and contains neurons with movement-related activity. In this study, we tested whether these neurons are implicated in saccade initiation and production. The movement-related activity of LIP neurons was tested by recording these neurons while monkeys performed a countermanding task. We found that LIP neuronal activity is not different before the execution or the cancelation of commanded saccades and thereby is not sufficient for the initiation and production of saccades. Consistent with the evolutionarily late emergence of the PPC, this finding relegates the role of this PPC area to processes that can regulate but not trigger eye movements.","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"111 11-12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of acupuncture at the <i>Taiyang</i> acupoint on visual function and EEG microstates in myopia.","authors":"Kangna Su, Lihan Wang, Zhongqing Wang, Jiayao Ma, Chao Zhang, Hongsheng Bi, Jianfeng Wu","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1234471","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1234471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Acupuncture has certain effects to improve myopia visual function, but its neural mechanism is unclear. In this study, we acupunctured at the right <i>Taiyang</i> acupoint of myopic patients to analyze the effects of acupuncture on visual function and electroencephalographic activity and to investigate the correlation between improvements in visual function and changes in the brain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this study, a total of 21 myopic patients were recruited. The contrast sensitivity (CS) of the subjects was examined before and after acupuncture, and electroencephalography (EEG) data of the entire acupuncture process were recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study found that compared with before acupuncture, the CS of both eyes in myopic patients at each spatial frequency was increased after acupuncture; compared with the resting state, the contribution of microstate C was decreased during the post-acupuncture state, and the transition probability between microstate A and microstate C was reduced; in addition, the contribution of microstate C was negatively correlated with CS at both 12 and 18 cpd.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The contrast sensitivity of myopic patients was improved after acupuncture at the <i>Taiyang</i> acupoint (20 min), which may be related to microstate C.</p>","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1234471"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10684943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138464657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain morphological variability between whites and African Americans: the importance of racial identity in brain imaging research","authors":"Daniel Atilano-Barbosa, Fernando A. Barrios","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1027382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2023.1027382","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In a segregated society, marked by a historical background of inequalities, there is a consistent under-representation of ethnic and racial minorities in biomedical research, causing disparities in understanding genetic and acquired diseases as well as in the effectiveness of clinical treatments affecting different groups. The repeated inclusion of small and non-representative samples of the population in neuroimaging research has led to generalization bias in the morphological characterization of the human brain. A few brain morphometric studies between Whites and African Americans have reported differences in orbitofrontal volumetry and insula cortical thickness. Nevertheless, these studies are mostly conducted in small samples and populations with cognitive impairment. For this reason, this study aimed to identify brain morphological variability due to racial identity in representative samples. We hypothesized that, in neurotypical young adults, there are differences in brain morphometry between participants with distinct racial identities. We analyzed the Human Connectome Project (HCP) database to test this hypothesis. Brain volumetry, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area measures of participants identified as <italic>Whites</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 338) or <italic>African Americans</italic> (<italic>n</italic> = 56) were analyzed. Non-parametrical permutation analysis of covariance between these racial identity groups adjusting for age, sex, education, and economic income was implemented. Results indicated volumetric differences in choroid plexus, supratentorial, white matter, and subcortical brain structures. Moreover, differences in cortical thickness and surface area in frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital brain regions were identified between groups. In this regard, the inclusion of sub-representative minorities in neuroimaging research, such as African American persons, is fundamental for the comprehension of human brain morphometric diversity and to design personalized clinical brain treatments for this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"239 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138825169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered gait parameters in distracted walking: a bio-evolutionary and prognostic health perspective on passive listening and active responding during cell phone use","authors":"Hassan Bazzi, Anthony T. Cacace","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1135495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2023.1135495","url":null,"abstract":"The underpinnings of bipedal gait are reviewed from an evolutionary biology and prognostic health perspective to better understand issues and concerns related to cell phone use during ambulation and under conditions of distraction and interference. We also consider gait-related health issues associated with the fear of or risk of falling and include prognostic dimensions associated with cognitive decline, dementia, and mortality. Data were acquired on 21 healthy young adults without hearing loss, vestibular, balance, otological or neurological dysfunction using a computerized walkway (GAITRite ® Walkway System) combined with specialized software algorithms to extract gait parameters. Four experimental conditions and seven temporo-spatial gait parameters were studied: gait velocity, cadence, stride length, ambulatory time, single-support time, double-support time, and step count. Significant main effects were observed for ambulation time, velocity, stride velocity, and double-support time. The greatest impact of distraction and interference occurred during the texting condition, although other significant effects occurred when participants were verbally responding to queries and passively listening to a story. These experimental observations show that relatively simple distraction and interference tasks implemented through the auditory sensory modality can induce significant perturbations in gait while individuals were ambulating and using a cell phone. Herein, emphasis is placed on the use of quantifiable gait parameters in medical, psychological, and audiological examinations to serve as a foundation for identifying and potentially averting gait-related disturbances.","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":" 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135191591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infants on the move: bibliometric analyses of observational vs. digital means of screening infant development","authors":"Hannah Varkey, Ha Phan, Phyllis Kittler, Anne Gordon, Elizabeth B. Torres","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1251252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2023.1251252","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Neurodevelopmental disorders are on the rise, yet their average diagnosis is after 4.5 years old. This delay is partly due to reliance on social-communication criteria, which require longer maturation than scaffolding elements of neuromotor control. Much earlier criteria could include reflexes, monitoring of the quality of spontaneous movements from central pattern generators and maturation of intentional movements and their overall sensation. General Movement Assessment (GMA) studies these features using observational means, but the last two decades have seen a surge in digital tools that enable non-invasive, continuous tracking of infants’ spontaneous movements. Despite their importance, these tools are not yet broadly used. In this work, using CiteSpace, VOSViewer and SciMAT software, we investigate the evolution of the literature on GMA and the methods in use today, to estimate how digital techniques are being adopted. To that end, we created maps of key word co-occurrence networks, co-author networks, document co-citation analysis and strategic diagrams of 295 publications based on a search in the Web of Science, Dimensions and SCOPUS databases for: ‘general movement assessment’ OR ‘general movements assessment’. The nodes on the maps were categorized by size, cluster groups and year of publication. We found that the state-of-the-art methodology to diagnose neurodevelopmental disorders still relies heavily on observation. Several groups in classical GMA research have branched out to incorporate new techniques, but few groups have adopted digital means. We report on additional analyses of methods and biosensors usage and propose that combining traditional clinical observation criteria with digital means may allow earlier diagnoses and interventional therapies for infants.</p>","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"39 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139557971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of early life stress and schizophrenia on motor and cognitive functioning: an experimental study.","authors":"Fredrick Otieno Oginga,&nbsp;Thabisile Mpofana","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1251387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2023.1251387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early life stress (ELS) and parental psychopathology, such as schizophrenia (SZ), have been associated with altered neurobiological and behavioral outcomes later in life. Previous studies have investigated the effects of ELS and parental SZ on various aspects of behavior, however, we have studied the combined effects of these stressors and how they interact, as individuals in real-life situations may experience multiple stressors simultaneously.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ELS and schizophrenia on locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, exploratory tendencies, and spatial memory in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male and female SD pups were randomly assigned to eight groups: control, ELS, schizophrenia, and ELS + schizophrenia. ELS was induced by prenatal stress (maternal stress) and maternal separation (MS) during the first 2 weeks of life, while SZ was induced by subcutaneous administration of ketamine. Behavioral tests included an open field test (OFT) for motor abilities and a Morris water maze (MWM) for cognitive abilities. ANOVA and <i>post hoc</i> Tukey tests were utilized to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results show that ELS and parental psychopathology had enduring effects on SZ symptoms, particularly psychomotor retardation (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The OFT revealed increased anxiety-like behavior in the ELS group (<i>p</i> = 0.023) and the parental psychopathology group (<i>p</i> = 0.017) compared to controls. The combined ELS and parental psychopathology group exhibited the highest anxiety-like behavior (<i>p</i> = 0.006). The MWM analysis indicated impaired spatial memory in the ELS group (<i>p</i> = 0.012) and the combined ELS and parental psychopathology group (<i>p</i> = 0.003) compared to controls. Significantly, the exposure to ELS resulted in a decrease in the population of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive (GFAP⁺) astrocytes. However, this effect was reversed by positive parental mental health.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings highlight the interactive effects of ELS and parental psychopathology on anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory in rats. ELS was linked to increased anxiety-like behavior, while SZ was associated with anhedonia-like behavior. Positive parenting augments neuroplasticity, synaptic function, and overall cognitive capacities.</p>","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1251387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10622780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71489381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gradients of thalamic connectivity in the macaque lateral prefrontal cortex.","authors":"Elena Borra,&nbsp;Marianna Rizzo,&nbsp;Giuseppe Luppino","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1239426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2023.1239426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the primate brain, the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPF) is a large, heterogeneous region critically involved in the cognitive control of behavior, consisting of several connectionally and functionally distinct areas. Studies in macaques provided evidence for distinctive patterns of cortical connectivity between architectonic areas located at different dorsoventral levels and for rostrocaudal gradients of parietal and frontal connections in the three main architectonic LPF areas: 46d, 46v, and 12r. In the present study, based on tracer injections placed at different dorsoventral and rostrocaudal cortical levels, we have examined the thalamic projections to the LPF to examine to what extent fine-grained connectional gradients of cortical connectivity are reflected in the topography of thalamo-LPF projections. The results showed mapping onto the nucleus medialis dorsalis (MD), by far the major source of thalamic input to the LPF, of rostral-to-caudal LPF zones, in which MD zones projecting to more caudal LPF sectors are located more rostral than those projecting to intermediate LPF sectors. Furthermore, the MD zones projecting to the rostral LPF sectors tended to be much more extensive in the rostrocaudal direction. One rostrolateral MD sector appeared to be a common source of projections to caudal prefrontal areas involved in the oculomotor frontal domain, a more caudal and ventral MD sector to a large extent of the ventral LPF, and middle and dorsal MD sectors to most of the dorsal LPF. Additional topographically organized projections to LPF areas originated from the nucleus pulvinaris medialis and projections from the nucleus anterior medialis selectively targeted more rostral sectors of LPF. Thus, the present data suggest that the topography of the MD-LPF projections does not adhere to simple topological rules, but is mainly organized according to functional criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1239426"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10613699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71429500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve potentiates analgesia induced by physical exercise in mice with peripheral inflammation.","authors":"Aline Raulino Dutra,&nbsp;Daiana Cristina Salm,&nbsp;Rafaela Hardt da Silva,&nbsp;Fernanda Tanaka,&nbsp;Daniela Dero Lutdke,&nbsp;Bruna Hoffmann de Oliveira,&nbsp;Rose Lampert,&nbsp;Edsel B Bittencourt,&nbsp;Gianluca Bianco,&nbsp;Vinícius M Gadotti,&nbsp;William R Reed,&nbsp;Josiel Mileno Mack,&nbsp;Franciane Bobinski,&nbsp;Ari O O Moré,&nbsp;Daniel Fernandes Martins","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1242278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2023.1242278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the antihyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of percutaneous vagus nerve electrical stimulation (pVNS) associated with physical exercise, i.e., swimming, in mice with peripheral inflammation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The pain model was induced by intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA). Sixty-four male Swiss mice (35-40 g) received an i.pl. of CFA and underwent behavioral tests, i.e., mechanical hyperalgesia, edema, and paw temperature tests. Additionally, cytokine levels, specifically interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mice were treated with swimming exercise for 30 min alone or associated with different time protocols (10, 20, or 30 min) of stimulation in the left ear with random frequency during four consecutive days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>pVNS for 20 min prolonged the antihyperalgesic effect for up to 2 h, 24 h after CFA injection. pVNS for 30 min prolonged the antihyperalgesic effect for up to 7 h, 96 h after CFA injection. However, it did not alter the edema or temperature at both analyzed times (24 and 96 h). Furthermore, the combination of pVNS plus swimming exercise, but not swimming exercise alone, reduced IL-6 levels in the paw and spinal cord, as well as IL-10 levels in the spinal cord.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>pVNS potentiates the analgesic effect induced by swimming, which may be, at least in part, mediated by the modulation of inflammatory cytokines in the periphery (paw) and central nervous system (spinal cord). Therefore, the combination of these therapies may serve as an important adjunctive treatment for persistent inflammatory pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1242278"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10602751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71415385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}