Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"The impact of early life stress and schizophrenia on motor and cognitive functioning: an experimental study.","authors":"Fredrick Otieno Oginga,&nbsp;Thabisile Mpofana","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1251387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2023.1251387","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early life stress (ELS) and parental psychopathology, such as schizophrenia (SZ), have been associated with altered neurobiological and behavioral outcomes later in life. Previous studies have investigated the effects of ELS and parental SZ on various aspects of behavior, however, we have studied the combined effects of these stressors and how they interact, as individuals in real-life situations may experience multiple stressors simultaneously.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of ELS and schizophrenia on locomotor activity, anxiety-like behavior, exploratory tendencies, and spatial memory in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male and female SD pups were randomly assigned to eight groups: control, ELS, schizophrenia, and ELS + schizophrenia. ELS was induced by prenatal stress (maternal stress) and maternal separation (MS) during the first 2 weeks of life, while SZ was induced by subcutaneous administration of ketamine. Behavioral tests included an open field test (OFT) for motor abilities and a Morris water maze (MWM) for cognitive abilities. ANOVA and <i>post hoc</i> Tukey tests were utilized to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results show that ELS and parental psychopathology had enduring effects on SZ symptoms, particularly psychomotor retardation (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The OFT revealed increased anxiety-like behavior in the ELS group (<i>p</i> = 0.023) and the parental psychopathology group (<i>p</i> = 0.017) compared to controls. The combined ELS and parental psychopathology group exhibited the highest anxiety-like behavior (<i>p</i> = 0.006). The MWM analysis indicated impaired spatial memory in the ELS group (<i>p</i> = 0.012) and the combined ELS and parental psychopathology group (<i>p</i> = 0.003) compared to controls. Significantly, the exposure to ELS resulted in a decrease in the population of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive (GFAP⁺) astrocytes. However, this effect was reversed by positive parental mental health.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings highlight the interactive effects of ELS and parental psychopathology on anxiety-like behavior and spatial memory in rats. ELS was linked to increased anxiety-like behavior, while SZ was associated with anhedonia-like behavior. Positive parenting augments neuroplasticity, synaptic function, and overall cognitive capacities.</p>","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1251387"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10622780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71489381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gradients of thalamic connectivity in the macaque lateral prefrontal cortex.","authors":"Elena Borra,&nbsp;Marianna Rizzo,&nbsp;Giuseppe Luppino","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1239426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2023.1239426","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the primate brain, the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPF) is a large, heterogeneous region critically involved in the cognitive control of behavior, consisting of several connectionally and functionally distinct areas. Studies in macaques provided evidence for distinctive patterns of cortical connectivity between architectonic areas located at different dorsoventral levels and for rostrocaudal gradients of parietal and frontal connections in the three main architectonic LPF areas: 46d, 46v, and 12r. In the present study, based on tracer injections placed at different dorsoventral and rostrocaudal cortical levels, we have examined the thalamic projections to the LPF to examine to what extent fine-grained connectional gradients of cortical connectivity are reflected in the topography of thalamo-LPF projections. The results showed mapping onto the nucleus medialis dorsalis (MD), by far the major source of thalamic input to the LPF, of rostral-to-caudal LPF zones, in which MD zones projecting to more caudal LPF sectors are located more rostral than those projecting to intermediate LPF sectors. Furthermore, the MD zones projecting to the rostral LPF sectors tended to be much more extensive in the rostrocaudal direction. One rostrolateral MD sector appeared to be a common source of projections to caudal prefrontal areas involved in the oculomotor frontal domain, a more caudal and ventral MD sector to a large extent of the ventral LPF, and middle and dorsal MD sectors to most of the dorsal LPF. Additional topographically organized projections to LPF areas originated from the nucleus pulvinaris medialis and projections from the nucleus anterior medialis selectively targeted more rostral sectors of LPF. Thus, the present data suggest that the topography of the MD-LPF projections does not adhere to simple topological rules, but is mainly organized according to functional criteria.</p>","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1239426"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10613699/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71429500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve potentiates analgesia induced by physical exercise in mice with peripheral inflammation.","authors":"Aline Raulino Dutra,&nbsp;Daiana Cristina Salm,&nbsp;Rafaela Hardt da Silva,&nbsp;Fernanda Tanaka,&nbsp;Daniela Dero Lutdke,&nbsp;Bruna Hoffmann de Oliveira,&nbsp;Rose Lampert,&nbsp;Edsel B Bittencourt,&nbsp;Gianluca Bianco,&nbsp;Vinícius M Gadotti,&nbsp;William R Reed,&nbsp;Josiel Mileno Mack,&nbsp;Franciane Bobinski,&nbsp;Ari O O Moré,&nbsp;Daniel Fernandes Martins","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1242278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2023.1242278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the antihyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of percutaneous vagus nerve electrical stimulation (pVNS) associated with physical exercise, i.e., swimming, in mice with peripheral inflammation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The pain model was induced by intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (CFA). Sixty-four male Swiss mice (35-40 g) received an i.pl. of CFA and underwent behavioral tests, i.e., mechanical hyperalgesia, edema, and paw temperature tests. Additionally, cytokine levels, specifically interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10), were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mice were treated with swimming exercise for 30 min alone or associated with different time protocols (10, 20, or 30 min) of stimulation in the left ear with random frequency during four consecutive days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>pVNS for 20 min prolonged the antihyperalgesic effect for up to 2 h, 24 h after CFA injection. pVNS for 30 min prolonged the antihyperalgesic effect for up to 7 h, 96 h after CFA injection. However, it did not alter the edema or temperature at both analyzed times (24 and 96 h). Furthermore, the combination of pVNS plus swimming exercise, but not swimming exercise alone, reduced IL-6 levels in the paw and spinal cord, as well as IL-10 levels in the spinal cord.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>pVNS potentiates the analgesic effect induced by swimming, which may be, at least in part, mediated by the modulation of inflammatory cytokines in the periphery (paw) and central nervous system (spinal cord). Therefore, the combination of these therapies may serve as an important adjunctive treatment for persistent inflammatory pain.</p>","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1242278"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10602751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71415385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Horizons in integrative neuroscience 2022.","authors":"Elizabeth B Torres","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1290824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2023.1290824","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1290824"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10598332/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54232433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"No evidence for differential saccadic adaptation in children and adults with an autism spectrum diagnosis.","authors":"Katy Tarrit, Edward G Freedman, Ana A Francisco, Douwe J Horsthuis, Sophie Molholm, John J Foxe","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1232474","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1232474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Altered patterns of eye-movements during scene exploration, and atypical gaze preferences in social settings, have long been noted as features of the Autism phenotype. While these are typically attributed to differences in social engagement and interests (e.g., preferences for inanimate objects over face stimuli), there are also reports of differential saccade measures to non-social stimuli, raising the possibility that fundamental differences in visuo-sensorimotor processing may be at play. Here, we tested the plasticity of the eye-movement system using a classic saccade-adaptation paradigm to assess whether individuals with ASD make typical adjustments to their eye-movements in response to experimentally introduced errors. Saccade adaptation can be measured in infants as young as 10 months, raising the possibility that such measures could be useful as early neuro-markers of ASD risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Saccade amplitudes were measured while children and adults with ASD (<i>N</i> = 41) and age-matched typically developing (TD) individuals (<i>N</i> = 68) made rapid eye-movements to peripherally presented targets. During adaptation trials, the target was relocated from 20-degrees to 15-degrees from fixation once a saccade to the original target location was initiated, a manipulation that leads to systematic reduction in saccade amplitudes in typical observers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neither children nor adults with ASD showed any differences relative to TD peers in their abilities to appropriately adapt saccades in the face of persistently introduced errors.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Of the three studies to date of saccade adaptation in ASD, none have shown deficits in saccade adaptation that are sufficient to generalize to the whole or a subgroup of the ASD population. Unlike prior studies, we found no evidence for a slower adaptation rate during the early adaptation phase, and no of evidence greater variance of saccade amplitudes in ASD. In <i>post hoc</i> analysis, there was evidence for larger primary saccades to non-adapted targets, a finding requiring replication in future work.</p>","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1232474"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10587467/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49694280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Bridging the gap between integrative neuroscience and translational neuroscience.","authors":"Elias Manjarrez,&nbsp;Giulia Curia,&nbsp;Katinka Stecina,&nbsp;Alejandro Lopez Valdes","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1296701","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1296701","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1296701"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10585253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49694279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peripheral vestibular loss in noise-exposed firefighters.","authors":"Hillary Anne Snapp, Lindsey Vanlooy, Brianna Kuzbyt, Courtney Kolberg, Denise Laffitte-Lopez, Suhrud Rajguru","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1236661","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1236661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Occupational workers are increasingly aware of the risk of noise overexposure to the auditory system but lack awareness about potential risks to the vestibular system. The purpose of this study was to investigate changes in vestibular end organ function in a known at-risk noise-exposed population, firefighters compared to age- and sex-matched controls using electrophysiologic measures of cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional observational study compared cVEMP response characteristics in 38 noise-exposed firefighters. Firefighters were grouped by years of exposure in the fire service. The cVEMP responses were compared within firefighter groups and between firefighters and age- and sex-matched controls. Dependent variables included the response characteristics of amplitude, latency and threshold.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>cVEMP response amplitudes were significantly decreased in firefighters compared to their age- and sex-matched controls. Threshold of the cVEMP responses were significantly higher in firefighters compared to controls and firefighters had a higher incidence of absent cVEMP responses compared to controls. Response amplitudes decreased with increasing years in the fire-service at an increased rate compared to their age- and sex-matched controls. Latency of the cVEMP response was not significantly different in firefighters compared to controls. These findings are consistent with both animal and human studies suggesting noise-induced changes in the sacculocollic pathway.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>In the absence of any reported vestibular symptoms or auditory indicators of noise-induced hearing loss, these early effects on the vestibular system point to a potential hidden vestibular loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1236661"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10577377/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41241260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imbalance of thalamic metabolites in an experimental model of hypertension: role of bergamot polyphenols.","authors":"Cristina Carresi,&nbsp;Antonio Cardamone,&nbsp;Anna Rita Coppoletta,&nbsp;Annachiara Mollace,&nbsp;Vincenzo Musolino,&nbsp;Micaela Gliozzi,&nbsp;Vincenzo Mollace","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1271005","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1271005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cerebral metabolites are associated with different physiological and pathological processes in brain tissue. Among them, the concentrations of <i>N</i>-acetylaspartate (NAA) and choline-containing compounds (Cho) in the thalamic region are recognized and analyzed as important predictive markers of brain impairment. The relationship among hypertension, modulation of brain metabolite levels and cerebral diseases is of recent investigation, leaving many unanswered questions regarding the origin and consequences of the metabolic damage caused in grey and white matter during hypertension. Here we provide evidence for the influence of hypertension on NAA and Cho ratios in hypertensive rat thalamus and how the use of natural occurring compounds ameliorates the balance of thalamic metabolites.</p>","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1271005"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10536961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41144747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A reliable and reproducible protocol for sound-evoked vestibular myogenic potentials in rattus norvegicus.","authors":"Federica M Raciti, Yasniary Morales, Hillary A Snapp, Suhrud M Rajguru","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1236642","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1236642","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) provide an objective measure of the integrity of the sacculo-collic pathway leading to their widespread use as a clinical tool in the diagnostic vestibular test battery. Though the application of cVEMPs in preclinical models to assess vestibular function, as performed in relevant clinical populations, remains limited. The present study aimed to establish a rodent model of cVEMP with standardized methods and protocols, examine the neural basis of the responses, and characterize and validate important features for interpretation and assessment of vestibular function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared air-conducted sound (ACS)-evoked VEMPs from the sternocleidomastoid muscles in naïve Brown Norway rats. A custom setup facilitated repeatable and reliable measurements which were carried out at multiple intensities with ACS between 1 and 16 kHz and over 7 days. The myogenic potentials were identified by the presence of a positive (P1)-negative (N1) waveform at 3-5 ms from the stimulus onset. Threshold, amplitude, and latency were compared with intensity- and frequency-matched responses within and between animals.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>cVEMP responses were repeatedly evoked with stimulus intensities between 50-100 dB SPL with excellent test-retest reliability and across multiple measurements over 7 days for all frequencies tested. Suprathreshold, cVEMP responses at 90 dB SPL for 6-10 kHz stimuli demonstrated significantly larger amplitudes (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and shorter latencies (<i>p</i> < 0.001) compared to cVEMP responses for 1-4 kHz stimuli. Latency of cVEMP showed sex-dependent variability, but no significant differences in threshold or amplitude between males and females was observed.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The results provide a replicable and reliable setup, test protocol, and comprehensive characterization of cVEMP responses in a preclinical model which can be used in future studies to elucidate pathophysiological characteristics of vestibular dysfunctions or test efficacy of therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1236642"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10508189/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41177540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pupil light reflex dynamics in Parkinson's disease.","authors":"Panagiota Tsitsi,&nbsp;Mattias Nilsson,&nbsp;Josefine Waldthaler,&nbsp;Gustaf Öqvist Seimyr,&nbsp;Olof Larsson,&nbsp;Per Svenningsson,&nbsp;Ioanna Markaki","doi":"10.3389/fnint.2023.1249554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2023.1249554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Visual disturbance is common symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD), and defective pupil light reflex (PLR) is an anticipated contributing factor that may be associated to the presence of autonomic dysfunction, which is a common non-motor feature of PD. Studies investigating the intercorrelation between PLR and dysautonomia in PD are limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The aim of this study was to investigate differences of PLR parameters, measured by eye-tracker, between patients with PD, with and without signs of dysautonomia, and healthy controls (HC). In total, 43 HC and 50 patients with PD were recruited and PLR parameters were measured with Tobii Pro Spectrum, during a long (1,000 ms) and a short (100 ms) light stimulus. Presence of orthostatic hypotension (OH) was used as proxy marker of dysautonomia. Linear mixed-effects model and non-parametric comparative statistics were applied to investigate differences among groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Peak constriction velocity was slower in PD compared with HC, after adjustment for age and sex in the mixed model, and the difference was greater in the subgroup of PD with OH (unadjusted). Dilation amplitude and velocity were also gradually slower in HC vs. PD without OH vs. PD with OH (unadjusted for confounders). In the mixed model, age was significant predictor of dilation response.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our results support previous observations on defective PLR in PD, evaluated with eye-tracker, and show a possible association with autonomic dysfunction. Further studies with more patients and rigorous evaluation of autonomic dysfunction are needed to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":56016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience","volume":"17 ","pages":"1249554"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10506153/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41174601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}