Geoderma Regional最新文献

{"title":"National baseline high-resolution mapping of soil organic carbon in Moroccan cropland areas","authors":"Abdelkrim Bouasria ,&nbsp;Yassine Bouslihim ,&nbsp;Rachid Mrabet ,&nbsp;Krishna Devkota","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a critical role in enhancing soil fertility, improving water retention, and contributing to global carbon sequestration and thereby supporting climate action. In Morocco, previous SOC mapping efforts have relied largely on traditional methods that fall short in capturing SOC's spatial variability due to data quality, availability, and extrapolation errors. This study aims to create the first national baseline SOC map for cropland using digital soil mapping techniques. Three machine learning (ML) models—Random Forest (RF), XGBoost, and LightGBM were compared to assess SOC spatial variability at 250-m resolution in Moroccan croplands. Recursive Feature Elimination was used to optimize model performance by selecting the most relevant predictors from 83 environmental covariates, including soil properties, climatic and hydrological factors, vegetation indices, and anthropogenic activities. The models were calibrated and validated using 9926 georeferenced samples from 0 to 30 cm soil depth alongside environmental data. Validation results demonstrated satisfactory predictive performance of ML models in SOC prediction, with RF achieving the highest accuracy (R² = 0.41; RMSE = 0.43 %) and demonstrated low uncertainty, slightly outperforming XGBoost and LightGBM, which both achieved R² = 0.39 and RMSE = 0.43 %. On the other hand, the created SOM map for Moroccan croplands displayed limited alignment with the global SOC dataset (SoilGrids), suggesting that this later is less appropriate for capturing local soil properties. These findings establish a foundational baseline SOC map for Moroccan croplands, providing detailed insights into spatial variability. The results support the recent policies aiming development of sustainable agricultural strategies, soil conservation efforts, and climate change mitigation through improving the in-depth understanding of soil carbon dynamics at various scales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article e00941"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using near-infrared spectroscopy as a cost-effective method to characterise soil and leaf properties in native forest","authors":"V.E. Álvarez ,&nbsp;J.A. Arias-Rios ,&nbsp;V. Guidalevich ,&nbsp;P. Marchelli ,&nbsp;P.A. Tittonell ,&nbsp;V.A. El Mujtar","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forests conservation and sustainable management of forests require an understanding of ecological traits that influence carbon and nutrient turnover in forest ecosystems. This study evaluates the potential of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) as a rapid, non-destructive and cost-effective tool for characterising soil and trees in natural forests and forest-frontier ecosystems. Soil samples were collected at four depths from three land uses (native forest, grazed grassland, and horticultural land), while leaf samples were obtained from two provenances of <em>Nothofagus alpina</em>. Spectra were used to classify samples, predict biological and chemical properties, estimate relatedness matrices for both soils and leaves and compared them with those obtained from genetic data. Principal component analysis separated soil samples from different land uses and depths as well as leaf samples from the two provenances. NIRS-based models showed high predictive accuracy for soil microbial biomass, biological activity and total carbon (R² = 0.80, 0.94, and 0.86, respectively), although leaf pigment estimation was less reliable (R² = 0.60–0.40). Correlations between genetic and NIRS relatedness matrices were low, highlighting that both methodologies are relevant for sample characterisation. These findings demonstrate that NIRS is a useful method for assessing soil ecological traits associated with nutrient cycling offering a practical and cost-efficient alternative for ecological monitoring in forest ecosystems. However, further methodological improvements are needed to enhance its accuracy, particularly for leaf traits characterisation. This study highlights the broader potential of NIRS for large-scale forest management, conservation strategies, and ecological research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article e00948"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term effects of winter cover crops and summer cash crops on soil properties in Ultisol under no-tillage system in Southern Brazil","authors":"Gustavo Nogara de Siqueira ,&nbsp;Tadeu Luis Tiecher ,&nbsp;Lucas Aquino Alves ,&nbsp;Adriele Tassinari ,&nbsp;Douglas Luiz Grando ,&nbsp;Gerson Laerson Drescher ,&nbsp;Gustavo Brunetto ,&nbsp;Rafael Ziani Goulart ,&nbsp;Vinicio Bordignon ,&nbsp;Tales Tiecher","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00935","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00935","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growing winter cover crops in rotation with summer cash crops in a no-tillage (NT) system improves soil's physical and chemical properties. However, the short-term effects of cover crops on sandy soils in subtropical climates remain poorly understood. A two-year study investigated how winter cover crops and summer cash crops (corn - <em>Zea mays</em> and soybean - <em>Glycine Max</em>) affect Ultisol physical and chemical properties under NT in Southern Brazil. A corn and soybean production system was established with fallow and three winter cover crops: black oat (<em>Avena strigosa</em>), vetch (<em>Vicia sativa</em>), and forage radish (<em>Raphanus sativus</em>). The study analyzed crop yield and selected soil physical properties (soil density, total porosity, macroporosity, microporosity and water infiltration rate) and chemical properties (soil water pH; Ca–Mg–K saturation; Al saturation; exchangeable Ca and Mg; available P and K; effective CEC; CEC_pH7.0; and potential acidity). Cover crops did not affect corn and soybean yields in relation to the fallow system. Soil macroporosity in the 0–10 cm layer was 34 % greater in soybean subplots than in corn subplots. Corn cultivation resulted in higher soil pH_H2O, Ca–Mg–K saturation, and lower Al saturation in the 20–40 cm layer compared to soybean, indicating lower soil acidification. Winter cover crops, especially forage radish, reduced soil acidification, and increased soil Ca and K contents, whereas winter fallowing increased soil acidity by 86 % and reduced overall soil fertility. These results indicate that cover crops play a key role in no-tillage production systems, improving soil fertility and reducing soil acidity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article e00935"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biochar-fertilizer interaction increases nitrogen retention, uptake and use efficiency of cinnamomum camphora: A 15N tracer study","authors":"Yuxuan Guo ,&nbsp;Victor Manna Samson ,&nbsp;Yetong Zhi ,&nbsp;Yulin Chen ,&nbsp;Xi Yang ,&nbsp;Guanghao Jia ,&nbsp;Yanling Mao","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The excessive application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers can have detrimental environmental and economic impacts. Enhancing N use efficiency (NUE) through biochar application may help mitigate these losses while promoting plant growth. However, different biochar types may influence NUE differently. To investigate these effects, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to assess the impact of two biochar types on N dynamics. Four treatments were applied: control (CK), fertilizer (F), sawdust biochar + fertilizer (SBF), and rice straw biochar + fertilizer (RBF). A ¹⁵N tracer technique was used to evaluate N accumulation and NUE in <em>C. camphora</em>. Results indicated that biochar-fertilizer combinations significantly improved soil inorganic N (NH₄⁺-N and NO₃⁻-N) retention, this was attributed to biochar's high surface area and functional groups enhancing N ion sorption. Additionally, biochar-amended treatments (RBF and SBF) increased soil total N, ¹⁵N content and plant N uptake. Notably, by the final sampling period, plant total N content in the RBF treatment was 34.62 %, 16.67 %, and 9.38 % higher than in CK, F, and SBF treatments, respectively. Furthermore, ¹⁵N content in the RBF treatment was significantly greater than in SBF and F, showing increases of 26.51 % and 30.19 %, respectively. Biochar application also markedly improved NUE, with increases of 103.77 % and 27.86 % in RBF and SBF treatments, respectively, compared to the F. Similarly, soil fertilizer N recovery was 49.92 % and 43.94 % higher in RBF and SBF soils, respectively, than in F. The enhanced urease and protease activity in biochar-amended soils likely contributed to these improvements in fertilizer recovery and NUE. Overrall, our findings demonstrate that first the magnitude of N retention and NUE enhancement varies with biochar type. Second, combining biochar with fertilizer improves fertilizer N retention, NUE, and recovery, ultimately enhancing <em>C. camphora</em> productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article e00936"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of fluvial and aeolian processes on palaeosols formation in Privlaka, Croatia","authors":"Stjepan Husnjak ,&nbsp;Lidija Galović ,&nbsp;Rosa Maria Poch ,&nbsp;Jasmina Martinčević Lazar ,&nbsp;Ajka Pjanić","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study was carried out on the pedo-sedimentary complex in Croatia's coastal region to describe the palaeosols' pedological, micromorphological and mineralogical properties and compare them with the recent soils. The field investigations comprised the definition, description and sampling horizons of an 8 m thick sequence of glacio-fluvial deposits, palaeosols and recent soils. Besides the field description and analyses of physico-chemical soil properties, the mineralogical composition was determined by XRD and soil thin sections were studied with a polarising microscope. The palaeosols are predominantly reddish in colour and have a considerable amount of carbonate concretions and rhizoconcretions, whereas the recent soils are brownish and without secondary carbonates. Large cracks filled with sandier material at the bottom of the sequence. The palaeosols are characterised by a higher percentage of sand particles and a lower percentage of silt particles than the recent soil. The recent soil has higher pH values and SOC contents, and lower CaCO₃ contents than the palaeosols. The mineralogical composition of the palaeosols and the recent soil consists of quartz and calcite with feldspars (K-feldspar and plagioclase), goethite and clay minerals (kaolinite and mica). They differ in the presence of chlorite, which was recorded only in the recent soil, while Ti- and Mn-oxides, and Ch-hydroxides were only found in the palaeosols. The micromorphology does not show any glacial nor periglacial features, but a reddish recarbonated groundmass in the palaeosols and signs of clay illuviation inside some of the coarse fragments (quarztites), indicating that they are formed by pedosediments of terra rossa from the Dinaric Alps. The results show that the original decarbonated and rubefacted material was subjected to recarbonation by mixing with underlying limestones and by younger carbonated materials deposited on top, probably under arid conditions generating deep fissures. These processes agree with the formation of terra rossa under a warm and humid climate in which stable minerals (kaolinite, Fe- and Mn- oxides and hydroxides) predominate in the sediments under oxidating conditions. In contrast to the palaeosols, the recent soil has a mineral composition that is more typical of a climate with cold, dry winters and warm, humid summers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article e00942"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts on soil chemical quality caused by supplemental feeding to beef cattle while on dry-season pasture in tropical Brazil","authors":"Joaquim P. de Lima ,&nbsp;Matheus B. Soares ,&nbsp;Onã da S. Freddi ,&nbsp;Eduardo da S. Matos ,&nbsp;Elismar dos Anjos ,&nbsp;Dalton H. Pereira ,&nbsp;Anderson Lange ,&nbsp;Carlos Cesar Breda","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for food worldwide has encouraged the development of production systems to optimize land use. Therefore, supplementing beef cattle pasture during the dry season (ITP) appears as a strategy to intensify meat production and enhance land use. However, little is known about ITP's effect on soil chemical quality in tropical regions in Brazil. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate ITP's effect on soil chemical quality, as well as the consequences of ITP's introduction in the spatial soil distribution of the following nutrients: carbon and nitrogen. The experiment was carried out in Sinop County, Mato Grosso State, Brazil - Southern Amazonian Region. The spatial distribution of soil chemical features related to acidity became continuous after ITP application to the surface soil layer. ITP improved soil chemical quality in the dry season, ITP and its production strategy provided the soil with: monoammonium phosphate (MAP ∼46 % P₂O₅), potassium chloride (KCl ∼ 60 % K₂O), CaCO_3, and MgCO₃ at amounts of 15, 111, 93, and 59 kg ha⁻¹ in the 0–0.20 m layer, respectively, in addition to the production of 502 kg ha⁻¹ of meat within 102 days. ITP proved to be an environmentally friendly and economically viable alternative for soil use during the dry season.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article e00938"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts caused by the traffic of ground-based forest harvesting machinery: State of the art and future guidelines for Chile","authors":"Ricardo Pastén H. ,&nbsp;Marco Contreras S. ,&nbsp;Óscar Thiers E.","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The most frequently reported impacts of timber harvesting operations are on the soil and are mainly concentrated along skid trails and other areas of high traffic. Research addressing the impacts of ground-based harvesting machinery varies widely and is predominantly composed of case studies, which makes its application to other environmental contexts difficult. Considering the importance of the Chilean forest sector, the diversity of sites, and operational conditions in the country, as well as the predominant existence of plantations managed as short-rotation forest crops by clearcutting, it is paramount to identify the state of the art in Chile and knowledge gaps. To this end, environmental impacts and associated best management practice recommendations were identified based on 252 studies from 31 countries through a systematic search of articles in reference databases. The results highlight the under-studied geographical areas and soil types worldwide. The main disturbance reported were related to soil physical properties, followed by disturbance to the flora structure and composition, chemical properties, hydraulics, and soil biological properties. Seven general recommendations were identified and discussed regarding best management practices. Common recommendations include preventive measures to reduce soil impacts. In the case of studies conducted in Chile, only one indexed article (&lt;0.01 %) was found, which raised the need to expand the search to national databases where five additional articles were found. This review is consistent with international study results. However, there is a recognized lack of knowledge regarding forest soils, types of disturbance, and the environmental impacts of modern harvesting machinery. Additionally, gaps in research related to skid trail planning alternatives, soil monitoring, and recovery times have been identified. Research needs related to these knowledge gaps have been proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article e00939"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143552609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal changes of soil organic matter composition in separate carbon pools of a cultivated Chernozem: The role of crops and fertilization","authors":"Thulfiqar Al-Graiti ,&nbsp;Zoltán Szalai ,&nbsp;Noémi Ujházy ,&nbsp;Nándor Fodor ,&nbsp;Tamás Árendás ,&nbsp;Anna Nagy ,&nbsp;Péter Szávai ,&nbsp;Máté Karlik ,&nbsp;Károly Márialigeti ,&nbsp;Gergely Jakab","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil organic matter (SOM) is a crucial property affecting most soil functions; thus, sampling and investigation are essential. However, the SOM composition and content may be less constant than assumed, even in crop fields. This study investigated whether fertilization and crop type affect the effect of sampling time on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and SOM composition. A cultivated Haplic Chernozem (Loamic) topsoil in Martonvásár, Hungary, was studied in a long-term experiment to compare the effects of fertilization on soil properties under different crops. Soil samples were collected during summer (August 2018) and spring (April 2019) to study SOC content and SOM composition in the bulk soil and two soil carbon (C) pools, such as the mineral phase-associated organic matter (OM) or slow pool (attached to particles &lt;63 μm) and aggregate-associated OM or fast pool (occluded by particles &gt;63 μm). SOM composition was estimated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Neither fertilization nor crops affected the SOC content and SOM composition. The slow pool had a higher SOC content and more stable SOM composition than that of the fast pool. Furthermore, the labile SOM component (amide nitrogen, and polysaccharides) ratio was higher during spring than during summer in the fast pool, whereas the phenolic lignin content decreased. Varying plant residual versus microbial contributions to total SOC may explain these temporal variations. Consequently, the soil sampling date may affect the SOM content and composition results; thus, repeated seasonal sampling is suggested to estimate possible fluctuations in SOM properties and calculate the annual average.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article e00943"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controlling factors of soil organic and inorganic carbon in North Adana, Türkiye","authors":"Yavuz S. Turgut ,&nbsp;Alfred E. Hartemink ,&nbsp;Y. Kenan Koca","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00933","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00933","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In many soils of arid and semi-arid regions, the soil carbon pool consists of soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC). Numerous studies have examined the relationship between the content of SOC and SIC in relation to various environmental factors. The northern region of Adana city in the Mediterranean region of Türkiye is characterized by a Mediterranean climate with about 600 mm of rainfall per year. Most studies in the region have focused on the impact of land degradation, such as urbanization and land use change, on stocks rather than the factors controlling SOC and SIC. The study area covered 9625 ha (&gt;70 % Entisols) with an altitude ranging from 67 to 365 m. Soil samples were collected from 107 points at depths 0–30 and 30–60 cm, and from 17 pedons that were sampled by horizon. The spectral reflectance of the soil was measured using a vis-NIR spectrometer. SOC decreased with depth, while SIC increases regardless of land use. MAP and MAT did not show a significant effect on SIC concentrations. Soils derived from siltstone showed a large decrease in SOC concentration, while soils derived from conglomerate had an increase in SIC. High SOC concentrations were observed in the southern part of the region, while low SOC concentrations were observed from southwest to northeast of the study area. Dark colored soils had higher SOC and lower SIC values compared to light colored soils. In this area, SIC and SOC are controlled by soil characteristic and processes rather than by land use, topographic factors and rainfall and temperature.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article e00933"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ammonia volatilization from NBPT-treated urea in no-till maize at different soil textures in South Brazil","authors":"Adriana Cancian ,&nbsp;Fernando Viero ,&nbsp;Sandra Mara Vieira Fontoura ,&nbsp;Johnny R. Soares ,&nbsp;Cimélio Bayer","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00946","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00946","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urea treated with urease inhibitors can significantly reduce NH₃ losses when urea is surface applied to the straw in a no-till (NT) system, but the site conditions may affect its efficiency. The aims of this study were to evaluate the efficiency of the NBPT [N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide] applied to common urea on the decrease of NH₃ volatilization in no-till maize in two sites with distinct soil textures, weather, and management in southern Brazil; and to evaluate the NBPT inhibition in delayed soil pH and NH₄⁺ elevation after urea hydrolysis. Two field experiments were conducted in the 2016/17 growing season at Guarapuava (GUA) (Rodhic Hapludox, clay) and Eldorado do Sul (ELD) (Typic Paleudult, sandy clay loam). The treatments were: (i) common urea (U) and (ii) U + urease inhibitor (U + NBPT), and (iii) control without N fertilization. The N sources were broadcast applied to maize at N rate of 100–180 kg ha⁻¹. In the laboratory, an experiment was conducted using U and U + NBPT, applied to the two soils, to evaluate urea hydrolysis. The NH₃ volatilization from U was faster and higher in the sandy soil compared to clayey soil, reaching 26 % of N applied in the first five days after application, compared to 10 % in GUA. In this period, the NBPT reduced the NH₃ loss from urea by 83 % in sandy soil (ELD) and 88 % in GUA (clay). After this period, rain events occurred, which favoured the diffusion of N from fertilizer in ELD, but not in GUA, where NH₃ losses increased from 10 to 14 % with U, and from 1 to 7 % with U + NBPT, reducing the efficiency of the inhibitor. Under controlled conditions, U application increased soil NH₄⁺ levels up to 207 to 224 mg kg⁻¹, and soil pH up to 6.8–8.1 in five days after application, while in U + NBPT the NH₄⁺ peak was reduced to 72 to 109 mg kg⁻¹ and pH to 6.2–7.2, showing similar efficiency in both soils. Nitrogen losses through NH₃ volatilization were intense during the first five days after urea application in no-till maize, especially in sandy soil. NBPT-treated urea is an effective N management practice in reducing ammonia losses in both sandy and clay soils; however, its efficiency decreases over time in the clay soil besides rainfall events. Further studies should investigate additional strategies to optimize NBPT efficiency in reducing NH₃ loss from urea in no-till systems in clay soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"40 ","pages":"Article e00946"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143578489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}