Geoderma Regional最新文献

{"title":"Pedotransfer-based bulk density: An alternative approach to enable soil carbon accounting in grain regions of Brazil","authors":"Ruan Carnier,&nbsp;Alfredo José Barreto Luiz,&nbsp;Joaquim Ernesto Bernardes Ayer,&nbsp;Nilza Patrícia Ramos,&nbsp;Sandra Furlan Nogueira,&nbsp;Cristiano Alberto de Andrade","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil bulk density (BD) is a critical variable in the estimation of carbon (C) stocks, which are central to agriculture-based C projects. However, field sampling of BD is often labor-intensive and costly. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs), which estimate BD from easily measured soil attributes, provide a promising alternative. This study evaluated 6941 observations from plots under grain production (GR) and 1246 from native vegetation (NV), sampled down to 1 m depth across 47 farms in the South-Central region of Brazil. Each observation included BD and the contents of sand, silt, clay, and C. Thirty-three PTFs from the international literature were tested, and four new ones (F34, F35, F36, F37) were developed. Function performance was assessed using the correlation coefficient (r), function efficiency (FE), mean error (ME), and root mean square error (RMSE). Two literature-based PTFs and the four developed in this study achieved the best performance, with RMSE ranging from 0.11 to 0.20 and ME from −0.01 to 0.09. Among them, F36 and F37 showed the strongest predictive ability, with FE values of 0.41 and 0.66 and r of 0.74 and 0.81, respectively. Carbon stocks estimated from BD predicted by the selected PTFs were strongly correlated with measured stocks (<em>r</em> &gt; 0.90), demonstrating that these functions are reliable alternatives to direct BD measurements for estimating C stocks. For conservative application in C projects, function F37 is recommended for layers below 30 cm, while BD should continue to be directly measured in shallower layers, where management practices exert stronger influence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e01017"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145270233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil structure and pH shape prokaryotic communities in lowland soils across Denmark","authors":"Anne-Cathrine Storgaard Danielsen ,&nbsp;Charles Pesch ,&nbsp;Cecilie Hermansen ,&nbsp;Caitlin Margaret Singleton ,&nbsp;Thomas Bygh Nymann Jensen ,&nbsp;Per Halkjær Nielsen ,&nbsp;Mogens Humlekrog Greve ,&nbsp;Arka Rudra ,&nbsp;Hamed Sanei ,&nbsp;Peter Lystbæk Weber ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Arthur ,&nbsp;Sebastian Gutierrez ,&nbsp;Per Møldrup ,&nbsp;Signe Normand ,&nbsp;Lis Wollesen de Jonge","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Agricultural activity in drained lowlands accelerates peat decomposition and greenhouse gas emissions. Rewetting is increasingly adopted across Europe to mitigate these emissions, but its effects on soil microbial communities remain poorly understood. We examined prokaryotic communities and network structure in Danish lowland soils designated for potential rewetting to improve our understanding of these communities and their drivers. We included less-studied soil properties linked to hydrology and structure (soil water content at field capacity, van Genuchten pore-size distribution index (<em>n</em>), and soil water repellency (SWR)) in addition to common properties such as pH and organic carbon (OC). We analysed 113 soil samples across land-use types (grass, fallow, crop, other) spanning mineral to organic soils with gradients in pH (2.0–7.6), OC (0.025–0.499 kg kg^-1), SWR (33.9-71.3 mN m^-1), and soil structure (<em>n</em>: 1.1-1.3). Prokaryotic alpha diversity (Shannon-Wiener index: 2.9–5.7) was best predicted by pH, followed by porosity and <em>n</em>. Together, pH, porosity, <em>n</em>, and OC accounted for 24.5% of the variance in community composition. Hierarchical clustering identified three prokaryotic clusters strongly aligned with pH. Network analysis revealed marginal differences when comparing samples from fallow and grass, while complexity increased progressively across clusters. Interestingly, high-pH soils showed the highest alpha diversity but the least complex networks, while low-pH soils showed the opposite. In conclusion, soil pH emerged as the dominant driver of prokaryotic communities in Danish lowlands, but hydrological and structural properties also played important roles. Network complexity provided complementary insights into ecosystem organisation beyond diversity alone.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e01016"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying CO2 emissions from Quebec's agricultural peatland and identifying key parameters for guiding soil conservation strategies","authors":"Félix L'Heureux-Bilodeau ,&nbsp;Jacynthe Dessureault-Rompré ,&nbsp;Alain N. Rousseau ,&nbsp;Jean Caron","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Quebec, Canada, field vegetable production largely occurs on cultivated organic soils of Montérégie. These soils become arable following extensive drainage of peatlands, which are highly fertile but vulnerable to subsidence, erosion, and organic matter mineralization. The latter causes carbon losses to the atmosphere through CO₂ emissions and can also lead to dissolved organic carbon leaching. This study quantified CO₂ emissions and identified governing edaphic and meteorological parameters to support the development of carbon compensation strategies for peatland managers. Easily measurable soil parameters were selected to provide farmers with potential proxies for routine soil analysis.</div><div>Five commercial sites were selected based on their organic matter (OM) content: F1 (52.2 %), F2 (56.7 %), F3 (74.0 %), F4 (77.4 %), and F5 (91.3 %). All sites, except F3, were devoid of vegetation. Soil CO₂ emissions were measured using manual static chambers over one year (September 2021–September 2022) at bimonthly intervals. Gross annual carbon losses were 4.94 Mg C-CO₂ ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ for F1, 5.47 for F2, 15.30 for F3, 7.62 for F4, and 3.20 for F5.</div><div>Soil temperature, total microbiological activity (fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis), total nitrogen, and pH significantly and positively influenced CO₂ fluxes, while soil water content showed a negative correlation. Annual carbon losses were highly and exponentially correlated with total microbiological activity, underscoring its relevance as a biological indicator and promising proxy for CO₂ emissions.</div><div>This study advances understanding of CO₂ emissions from cultivated organic soils and highlights the importance of targeted strategies to mitigate carbon losses and conserve these valuable peatland resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e01015"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leaching and ammonia emissions in rice fields exhibit greater influences by seasons than management","authors":"Nusrat Jahan Mumu ,&nbsp;Afsana Mimi Eiti Mony ,&nbsp;Md. Safinur Rahman ,&nbsp;Farjana Jannat Shimo ,&nbsp;Mouri Tania Joya ,&nbsp;Mrinmoyee Paul ,&nbsp;Noushin Tabassum ,&nbsp;Fawzia Fariha ,&nbsp;Mohammad Zaman ,&nbsp;Mohammad Mofizur Rahman Jahangir","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estimation of ammonia (NH₃) emissions requires calculation of emission factors (EFs) based on experimental data that reflects seasonal and climatic variability, particularly in an annual triple cropping system. However, data on season-specific EFs under varying climate regimes are required to develop the management strategies that help mitigate nitrogen (N) loss via volatilization. A large portion of N releases into atmosphere from rice soils causing both economic and environmental costs since farmers indiscriminately use N fertilizers for rice production. Ammonia emissions and EFs were assessed in two different rice growing sites with an annual Boro–Aus–Aman sequence. Two sets of treatments were used: two residue treatments (no residue incorporation, NR; and 30 %, by height, crop residue incorporation, CR); and four N levels (control, CL; farmers' practice, FP; recommended nitrogen dose, RD; and 125 % of RD, 125RD). Crop residue incorporation significantly elevated NH₃ emissions. CR coupled with 125RD exhibited 10–27 %, 6–7 % and 6–9 % higher NH₃ emissions than NR-125RD in Boro, Aus and Aman seasons, respectively. Although the recommended N rate was higher in Boro, NH₃ emission was higher in Aman rice (28–34 kg NH₃-N ha⁻¹) suggesting that climatic conditions are the most influential driver rather than the N rate. Likewise, NH₃ EFs in RD ranged from 11 to 18 %, 16–33 % and 28–34 % in Boro, Aus and Aman seasons, respectively. Our results indicate that NH₃ emissions do not only depend on N rate but also on seasons where consideration of seasonal EFs is required to improve NH₃ and N budget. By contrast, N rate and crop residue did not influence N leaching but leaching was a considerable part of N loss from rice fields. Overall, our findings underscore the critical need for season-specific N fertilizer management including crop residue incorporation in multi-cropped rice systems to effectively mitigate NH₃ emissions while maintaining productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e01013"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil fertility characterization in Brazilian pastures through soil chemical and physical analysis","authors":"João Paulo da Silva ,&nbsp;Jurandir Zullo Junior ,&nbsp;Luciana Alvim Santos Romani ,&nbsp;Eduardo Delgado Assad","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brazil is largely occupied by pastures under varying conditions, rising needs for systematic assessment of soil fertility and improvement of management strategies. Soil analyses are valuable tools for fertility assessment, but its use can be amplified to foster information exchanges between farmers, service providers and fertilizer vendors in broader scales. So, our objective was to characterize the fertility dynamic of Brazilian pastures through its soil chemical and physical properties. We employed soil analysis results collected from different land uses (pasture, integrated system, and native vegetation), soil depths (0–5 cm, 5–10 cm, 10–20 cm, and 20–30 cm) and textural classes extracted from the Brazilian Soil Classification System to determine Land Use Fertility Profiles based on two core dimensions representing soil fertility and acidity, addressing 35 % and 24 % of the total variance, respectively. Stratified comparisons showed that the acidity dimension distinguished native vegetation from integrated system soils; fertility differences between textural groups in superficial layers were more frequent among pastures samples than among integrated systems ones and diminished in depth. The acidity dimension remained differing sandy and medium texture soils from clayey and heavy clayey ones. In the crossed comparisons, our results indicated that sandy soils under pasture concentrate their heterogeneity in deeper layers (20–30 cm). Thus, sampling schemes should be conducted up to these depths to improve efficiency in management strategies. This approach aimed at contributing to the data-modeling scope of agribusiness digital transformation and to the global agenda for sustainable food supply by enhancing soil fertility efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e01010"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in land use and buffaloes trampling effects on soil health in environmentally vulnerable areas of an Atlantic Forest biome in southern São Paulo State, Brazil","authors":"Rodrigo Batista Pinto ,&nbsp;Francisca Alcivania de Melo Silva ,&nbsp;Heitor Marcel da Silva Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Pedro Henrique de Oliveira Vilela ,&nbsp;Rafael Duarte L'Abbate ,&nbsp;Fabiana Gomes da Silva ,&nbsp;Diogenes L. Antille ,&nbsp;Zigomar Menezes de Souza ,&nbsp;Reginaldo Barboza da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study was conducted to determine the impact of land use and livestock farming on riparian areas in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A range of physical, hydraulic and chemical properties were measured in hydromorphic soils under four scenarios; namely: i) native vegetation (NV), ii) semi-extensive grazing (SEG, ∼21 animal units ha⁻¹) with 30 years of established practice; iii) intensive grazing with 20 years of established practice (IG20, ∼24 animal units ha⁻¹); and iv) intensive grazing after 1 year of being implemented (IG1, ∼21 animal units ha⁻¹). The replacement of native vegetation with pastures, regardless of the duration and type of management, resulted in significant changes in soil structure and soil functioning, due to increased bulk density and penetration resistance, and concurrent reductions in macroporosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity. The soil under long-term intensive management (IG20) showed less structural degradation, closely resembling the conditions observed in the native vegetation area (NV). By contrast, the soil under semi-extensive grazing (SEG) management exhibited significant damage to the soil structure, which affected all measured soil physical and hydraulic properties. Despite these negative impacts on soil structure, SEG exhibited higher levels of total carbon, total nitrogen, and total sulfur. The results suggested that the intensive management system (IG20) tended to maintain higher soil quality in riparian areas than the condition observed under native vegetation, although these differences cannot be exclusively ascribed to grazing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e01011"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brazilian Latossolos (Ferralsols, Oxisols) from different biomes: a multiproxy study on the spatial variability of the most weathered tropical soils in South America","authors":"Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud Schaefer ,&nbsp;Rafael Gomes Siqueira ,&nbsp;Luís Flávio Pereira ,&nbsp;Lucas de Carvalho Gomes ,&nbsp;Pedro Henrique Araújo Almeida ,&nbsp;Márcio Rocha Francelino ,&nbsp;Francis Henrique Tenório Firmino ,&nbsp;José João Lélis Leal de Souza ,&nbsp;João Carlos Ker ,&nbsp;Elpídio Inácio Fernandes-Filho","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Brazilian Latossolos (Ferralsols-WRB, Oxisols-Soil Taxonomy) are generally well-drained soils, strongly and deeply altered, rich in Al and Fe oxyhydroxides, nutrient-poor and morphologically uniform, due to long-term weathering and continuous leaching. Despite the occurrence in all Brazilian territory, little is known about the variability of basic attributes of Latossolos across the country. We hypothesize that the Brazilian Latossolos present a considerable variability in soil attributes that can be regionally manifested and traced according to the environmental characteristics of different Brazilian biomes. In this way, we compared a suite of soil attributes from Latossolos Amarelos, Latossolos Vermelho-Amarelos and Latossolos Vermelhos from the biomes Amazonia, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, and Caatinga biomes, using robust legacy data produced by published soil surveys. The Latossolos Vermelhos represent the suborder with the greatest degree of weathering, exhibiting the highest contents of Fe and Al oxyhydroxides, clayey texture, greatest microaggregate development, pH and base saturation, and presenting the lowest contents of available P. Conversely, the Latossolos Amarelos exhibited the highest contents of kaolinite, silt, sand, and the highest soil consistency and Al saturation. The Latossolos Vermelho-Amarelos, in turn, presented intermediate characteristics, confirming that soil color is a key attribute for differentiating the pedogenetic development of Latossolos, regardless of the biome. With reference to the Brazilian biomes, the Latossolos of the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest presented the greatest weathering degree, evidenced by the lowest values of Ki, Kr, and silt/clay ratios, as well as other characteristics that reveal the great intensity of desilication, ferralitization, gibbsitization and pedalization. Despite the hot and wet equatorial climate and the general soil acidity in Amazonia, Amazonian Latossolos presented lower pedogenetic development than the Cerrado and Atlantic Forest soils, which are in close association with the sedimentary parent material, resilication by forest Si cycling, subdued topography and poor soil internal drainage. The Latossolos from the semi-arid Caatinga showed the lowest weathering and pedogenesis degrees, and represent relict soils from past wetter climates, preserved in the only Brazilian semi-arid biome.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e01012"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145222368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Territorial mapping of soil type and land cover influence on ecosystem services","authors":"Clémentine Chirol ,&nbsp;Delphine Derrien ,&nbsp;Laurent Saint-André ,&nbsp;Paul-Olivier Redon ,&nbsp;Geoffroy Séré","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The delivery of soil-based ecosystem services (ES) is of increasing importance for spatial planners. Soils are complex and heterogeneous systems, therefore synthesizing pedological expertise into decision support maps presents ongoing challenges. Our approach considers the properties of the entire pedon to assess the contribution of different soil types and land covers to ES delivery at the territorial scale.</div><div>This study adapts the Destisol decision support tool, initially developed for urban soils and therefore adapted to a high variety of pedons influenced by human activities, to a rural setting containing croplands, grasslands and forests. 86 soil profiles from the study territory are grouped into eight dominant soil types. Nine ES are evaluated based on the horizon-specific physico-chemical properties of each soil type, and mapped following a territorial 1/50,000 pedological map.</div><div>The study territory has a high potential for ES provision with a mean score of 2 +/− 0.2 (min: 1.7, max: 2.7) on a scale of 0 to 3. Soil type is shown to have a significant impact on ES supply under the same land cover. Eutric Cambisols rank highly for provisioning and regulating services, Gleysols rank poorly for water quality but highly for global climate mitigation, and shallow rocky soils rank poorly for most services except water infiltration. Mapping results and soil-type specific ES scores can be used as spatial planning tools to quantify the impact of a given scenario of land cover change on ES scores, and thereby contribute to efforts towards no net loss of soil functionality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e01008"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do Chernozems occur in Poland? Distribution, properties and regional variation of black soils in the loess belt of Poland","authors":"Cezary Kabala ,&nbsp;Beata Labaz ,&nbsp;Adam Bogacz ,&nbsp;Michał Dudek ,&nbsp;Dariusz Gruszka ,&nbsp;Szymon Młynek ,&nbsp;Jarosław Waroszewski","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although Chernozems have appeared on Polish soil maps since the late 19th century, their occurrence in Poland is omitted from global and regional soil maps and the reports of foreign authors. This paper aims to verify the occurrence, abundance and properties of soils that meet the criteria for Chernozems as defined by the World Reference Base for Soil Resources (WRB) in five ‘chernozemic’ regions in the loess belt of southern Poland. This analysis identified Chernozems in 15–55 % of the studied soil profiles in four of the five ‘chernozemic’ regions, while the major accompanying soils in all regions were Phaeozems. Most Phaeozems have chernic horizons; therefore, the crucial characteristics allowing classification as a Chernozem or Phaeozem were the presence and depth of secondary carbonates. The spatial variation of Haplic and Calcic Chernozems, which prevail in the (south) central and eastern regions, was strongly affected by erosion, while clay illuviation was relatively poorly indicated in soil profiles. Soils in the fore-mountain regions were extensively leached of carbonates and often had argic horizons, which implies a predominance of Luvic Phaeozems. Gleyic/Stagnic Luvic Chernozems/Phaeozems prevailed in the westernmost region, which is characterised by plain topography and imperfect water drainage. The topsoil pH, soil organic carbon and clay contents of Polish Chernozems and Phaeozems decreased from the easternmost region towards the west and south, where the humid ‘oceanic influences’ or ‘mountain influences’, respectively, are considered responsible for more intense soil leaching during the Holocene period. The soil organic carbon (regional mean values in a range of 1.7–2.8 %), clay (11–21 %) and pH (6.4–7.4) values in Chernozems and Phaeozems developed from loess in southern Poland are lower compared to Chernozems of the steppe zone of southern Russia, Ukraine and Moldova, but comparable with their values reported from neighbouring Central European countries (northwestern Ukraine, Slovakia, Czechia and Germany). The presence of chernic horizons in all studied regions affirms (a) the polygenetic origin of Chernozems and Phaeozems with subsurface argic horizons, and (b) the large potential of regenerative or conservative agriculture in combating erosion and restoring humus-rich and biologically active topsoil layers, which can preserve Chernozems and Phaeozems against further decay in southern Poland.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e01007"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and potential of rare earth elements fingerprinting as tracers for carbonate sources in soils developed on contrasting parent materials","authors":"Ferdinand J. Dina Ebouel ,&nbsp;Charles G. Kono Ebede ,&nbsp;Thierry Bineli Betsi ,&nbsp;Peter N. Eze","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While the use of rare earth elements (REE) to examine soil processes is an increasingly popular approach, very few studies have investigated its application to the study of dominant soil genetic processes at the landscape scale in semi-arid environments. This study analyses the distribution and fractionation of REEs in 12 soil profiles from different lithologies in the Kalahari Basin of Botswana (BKB) and examines their relationships with pedogenetic processes, calcium carbonate origin and pH. The results show significant variability in total REE contents (12.8 - 193.2 mg kg^-1) in the soil profiles, depending on the soil parent material. Total REE abundance within soil profiles show a strong correlation with clay-associated elements, such as Al (r = 0.8) and K (r = 0.7), as well as with iron Fe (r = 0.6). These correlations suggest that clay formation plays a primary role in REE enrichment in the soil profiles. On the other hand, the moderate positive correlation with Ca (r = 0.4) indicates a minor contribution from calcium carbonate accumulation to REE enrichment. pH shows weak positive correlations with REE content across the full soil profile (r &lt; 0.2), reflecting negligeable influence on REE distribution in the study soil profiles. The fractionation ratios between light REEs and heavy REEs (LREEs/HREEs) range from 0.6–1.5 in soil profiles on alluvial and fluvio-lacustrine sediments, 0.4–0.9 from those on basaltic and sandstones rock, and 0.7–1.1 from those on sands, clays, calcretes and silcrete. Given the previously demonstrated preferential complexation of HREEs in pedogenic carbonates, these results suggest a mixed pedogenic and lithogenic origin for calcium carbonates in soil on alluvial and fluvio-lacustrine sediments, and in soils on sands, clays, calcretes and silcretes. Soils on basaltic and sandstone rocks, on the other hand, have a purely pedogenic origin. The results of this study provide a solid baseline for understanding REE distributions in the BKB and tracing the origin of calcium carbonate in semi-arid environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article e01009"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145098700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}