Geoderma Regional最新文献

{"title":"Mapping basic properties of Danish sandy soils using on-the-go proximal sensors and terrain attributes","authors":"Ameesh Khatkar,&nbsp;Amélie Beucher,&nbsp;Triven Koganti,&nbsp;Lars Juhl Munkholm,&nbsp;Mathieu Lamandé","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On-the-go proximal soil sensing based on geophysical sensors is increasingly recognized as the ‘gold standard’ in digital soil mapping due to its capacity to generate high-resolution maps of soil properties at the field scale. However, studies of their limitations are scarce. In this study, we evaluated the suitability of electromagnetic induction (EMI) and gamma-ray spectroscopy (GRS), along with terrain attributes (TA), to predict four soil properties, i.e. clay content, total carbon, bulk density, and soil water content. Soil samples were collected from the top (15 cm depth) and subsoil (40 cm depth) at 69 points distributed in three sandy arable fields. Soil properties were estimated through multiple linear regression (MLR) and cross-validated using the Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOOCV). The MLR models were then filtered based on Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (LCCC), coefficient of determination (R²) and normalized root mean square error (nRMSE). The results indicated that estimating the soil properties in sandy soils is challenging, specifically in subsoil, as reliable models were achieved only for topsoil in two fields. Inverting the EMI data improved modelling results compared to using raw EMI data. Despite the challenges encountered, predictors from the EMI and GRS emerged as key contributors to models with the highest performance, indicating the potential of on-the-go geophysical sensors for generating high-resolution digital soil maps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e00981"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralogical controls over soil K reserves: A case study in Southeastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro State)","authors":"Weslley Silva Julio ,&nbsp;Gabriel Ramatis Pugliese Andrade ,&nbsp;Josiane Leal Knupp ,&nbsp;Betânia Roqueto dos Reis ,&nbsp;Cláudio Roberto Marciano ,&nbsp;Antonio Carlos de Azevedo ,&nbsp;Valdomiro Severino Souza Junior","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessing soil potassium (K) reserves is essential to help developing strategies focused on reducing the dependence of tropical countries for K-fertilizers. Samples from six soils located at Southeastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro State), were investigated to better understand the mineralogical control over their K reserves. Mineral assemblage was characterized through X-ray diffraction, using Rietveld Refinement to determine minerals contents in the coarse fractions and NEWMOD to describe and quantify interstratifications in clay fraction. Total (K_t) and non-exchangeable K (K_ne) were determined in the samples. The highest K_t and K_ne contents were observed in moderately-weathered Cambisol samples, with high primary mica contents in coarse fractions, as well as illite-rich interstratified phases in the clay fraction. Highly-weathered soils (Lixisols and a Histosol) rich in kaolinite, poorly-weathered soils (Phaeozem and Chernosol) rich in weatherable primary minerals (K-feldspars, plagioclases and amphiboles), and interstratified clays 2:1 clays presented low-to-moderate K_t and K_ne contents. There was a positive and significant correlation of K_t and K_ne contents with illite layers, mainly allocated at kaolinite-illite interstratifications. Multivariate statistical approach enabled assigning K_t, K_ne, primary micas and illite layers as combined variables accounting for differentiating Cambisol samples from other samples, which presented lower K reservoirs. The absence of correlations between muscovite and K_ne may be related to an underestimation of K_ne content by standard method (<em>Na</em>-tetraphenyl borate), likely due to its incapacity of extract K_ne efficiently from coarse particles. These findings emphasize illite-rich interstratified clays as major mineralogical controls over K reserves in the investigated tropical soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e00980"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From forest to farmland: Tracking time series variations in soil quality in semiarid oak forest","authors":"Hojat Fathy ,&nbsp;Mehdi Heydari ,&nbsp;Hassan Fathizad ,&nbsp;Jaafar Hosseinzadeh ,&nbsp;Ali Najafifar ,&nbsp;Seyed Roohollah Mousavi ,&nbsp;Aliakbar Jafarzadeh ,&nbsp;Brandon Heung","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessing soil quality (SQ) is essential for sustainable development, as soils play a fundamental role in ecosystems, influencing habitat characteristics, ecosystem stability, and biogeochemical cycles. This study examines the spatio-temporal variations of the Soil Quality Index (SQI) in response to land use changes within a semi-arid oak forest ecosystem in western Iran from 1985 to 2021. To conduct the research, 150 surface soil samples (0–30 cm) were collected using the conditional Latin hypercube sampling method. The physical and chemical attributes of these samples were analyzed to determine the SQI using the Integrated Weighted Index method. Additionally, various environmental variables—including geological maps, topographic attributes, and proximity to streams and roads—were incorporated into the analysis. Time series maps of vegetation indices and land use were generated using Landsat 8 imagery (covering 1985, 2000, 2010, and 2021) to support SQI spatial prediction. The Random Forest (RF) model was employed to model and map both SQI and land use changes over time. The RF model demonstrated high accuracy, achieving a Kappa index of 92.3 %–96.0 % for land use predictions and an R² value of 0.80–0.88 for SQI predictions. Spatial modeling results identified four key environmental factors influencing SQI: convergence index, vector terrain ruggedness, distance from streams, and minimum noise fraction of Landsat bands. Analysis of SQ changes from 1985 to 2021 revealed a significant shift in the distribution of SQI classes across various land uses. The proportion of low-SQ areas increased by 20.3 % in forests, 22.6 % in agricultural lands, and 29.7 % in rangelands, indicating widespread soil degradation. Notably, in the central part of the study area—where rangeland and agricultural lands have expanded—SQI exhibited a downward trend, further reflecting soil deterioration associated with these land uses. This research highlights the critical need for ongoing SQ monitoring and sustainable land management measures to mitigate soil degradation in semi-arid ecosystems. The findings emphasize the detrimental impact of land use changes on soil health, particularly the conversion of forests to agricultural lands, which has contributed to severe soil degradation and biodiversity loss. Implementing conservation strategies, such as reforestation and improved agricultural practices, is essential to preserving soil quality in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e00974"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cashew residue biochar enhances the pore network of cohesive soil in the Brazilian Coastal Tablelands","authors":"Jaedson Cláudio Anunciato Mota ,&nbsp;Emanuela Barbosa dos Santos ,&nbsp;Alexandre dos Santos Queiroz ,&nbsp;Odair Pastor Ferreira ,&nbsp;Antônio Gomes de Souza Filho ,&nbsp;Laís Gomes Fregolente ,&nbsp;Francisca Gleiciane da Silva ,&nbsp;Arthur Prudêncio de Araujo Pereira ,&nbsp;Helon Hébano de Freitas Sousa ,&nbsp;Mirian Cristina Gomes Costa ,&nbsp;Ícaro Vasconcelos do Nascimento","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil physical quality is essential for agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. Cohesive horizons often present high bulk density and low macroporosity, limiting water flow and aeration. This study evaluated the application of biochar derived from cashew residue as a conditioner to improve the physical quality of cohesive soils. We hypothesized that cashew residue biochar enhances soil (macro) porosity, pore connectivity, water retention, and water and airflow in cohesive horizons. The experiment was conducted with five biochar application rates (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 Mg ha⁻¹) in a randomized design, using disturbed soil samples manually packed into cylinders to ensure consistent bulk density. We analyzed the soil-water retention curve (SWRC), pore size distribution curve (PSDC), air permeability, pore continuity indices, and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Results demonstrated significant improvements in soil structure and pore functionality at higher biochar doses (20–40 Mg ha⁻¹), despite the pore-blocking effect observed at these rates. The 40 Mg ha⁻¹ treatment increased macroporosity by 15.3 %, while pore connectivity indices N and Log M rose by 34.2 % and 18.3 %, respectively. Available water improved by 9.1 %, and air permeability increased by 63.3 %, 45.0 %, 20.7 %, and 43.3 % at matric potentials of −6, −10, −33, and −100 kPa, respectively. Saturated hydraulic conductivity also increased by 18 % with the highest dose. These findings demonstrate the potential of cashew residue biochar to enhance the physical quality of cohesive soils, supporting more efficient soil management and sustainable agriculture. Applications between 20 and 40 Mg ha⁻¹ are recommended to optimize improvements in soil physical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e00979"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity and sustainability of soil quality indicators of Epicalcic Chernozem under soil erosion control technologies","authors":"Gergana Kuncheva ,&nbsp;Milena Kercheva ,&nbsp;Galina Petkova ,&nbsp;Jonita Perfanova ,&nbsp;Tsvetina Paparkova ,&nbsp;Viktor Kolchakov ,&nbsp;Galin Ginchev ,&nbsp;Lev Tribis ,&nbsp;Katerina Doneva ,&nbsp;Milena Mitova","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Depending on climate and crop management, soil characteristics respond differently to continuous erosion control tillage. This study aims to evaluate the sensitivity and sustainability of soil quality indicators under agrotechnologies of different erosion control effectiveness on moderately eroded Epicalcic Chernozem on sloped arable land. A three-year (2021−2023) field experiment was conducted under winter wheat and maize rotations (W-M-W and M-W-M) and application of conventional tillage along the slope (CT_S), conventional contour tillage (CT_C) and crop specific minimum tillage, with an inclusion of a cover crop (barley) after wheat and use it as green manure before maize (MT). The surface water runoff and soil losses were registered after each erosive precipitation. The soil microbial, chemical and physical properties were measured twice in а growing season at two depths. The relative decrease in soil losses under maize and wheat was better expressed under MT (58 % and 63 %) than under CTс (51 % and 42 %). The cover crop and minimum tillage under maize maintained higher SOC content, but only till next crop in the rotation. A higher positive effect on Cmic and the studied enzymes was reported mainly under MT as follows: Cmic, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, urase and protease under both crops; β glucosidase under maize. The enzymes activity was higher in autumn. The effect of MT on packing density, relative field capacity and S index was better pronounced in rotation W-M<img>W. The rotation M-W-M had better effect on water stability of soil aggregates (WSA) and plant available water capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e00976"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen loss due to nitrate reduction in the soil profile depends on the type of cropland","authors":"Zhenqi Shi ,&nbsp;Dongli She ,&nbsp;Yongchun Pan ,&nbsp;Alimu Abulaiti ,&nbsp;Lei Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The N cycle in shallow soil is affected by the cropland type; however, little is known about nitrate loss in deeper soil layers in upland and paddy fields. We employed a soil slurry-based ¹⁵N paired tracer technique to investigate denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) rates in the 0–200 cm soil profile of paddy and uplands (40 cm per layer) in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation district. The rates of N loss of denitrification and anammox ranged from 0.29 to 9.06 nmol N g⁻¹·h⁻¹. In the paddy soil, the rates of N loss decreased from the 0–40 cm layer to the 160–200 cm layer, and the rates ranged from 0.74 to 9.06 nmol N g⁻¹·h⁻¹, in the upland soil, the rate of N loss exhibited a decreasing trend from the 0–40 cm layer to deeper layers, followed by an increase from the 80–120 cm layer to the 160–200 cm layer, with values ranging from 0.29 to 1.99 nmol N g⁻¹·h⁻¹. Denitrification was the major contributor to N loss in paddy soil, accounting for 66.59–85.47 % of nitrate loss. In addition, paddy field soils presented a more diverse N-reducing bacterial community than uplands soil did, with Chao1, ACE and Shannon index in the bacterial diversity analysis being greater in paddy fields than upland soils. <em>Desulfobacca</em>, <em>Fimbriimonas</em>, <em>Thiobacillus</em>, <em>Anaerolinea</em>, <em>Anaeromyxobacter</em> and <em>Syntrophobacter</em> presented relatively high abundances in the 0–40 cm soil profile in the paddy fields. The nitrate reduction rate in the soil profile was determined by crop type. The nitrogen reduction loss in deep soil layers cannot be ignored, and long-term crop types can impact soil texture and microbial community structure, ultimately leading to differences in the diversity of nitrogen-transforming microorganisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e00977"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of reclaimed water irrigation on mulch decomposition, microbial activity, and soil nutrient availability in the Brazilian semi-arid","authors":"Aline Roma Tomaz ,&nbsp;William Ramos da Silva ,&nbsp;Thiago Massao Inagaki ,&nbsp;Emylaine Oliveira Santos ,&nbsp;Giselle Gomes Monteiro Fracetto ,&nbsp;Felipe José Cury Fracetto ,&nbsp;Vitor da Silveira Freitas ,&nbsp;Diego Victor Babos ,&nbsp;Débora Marcondes Bastos Pereira Milori ,&nbsp;Abelardo Antônio de Assunção Montenegro ,&nbsp;Ademir de Oliveira Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowledge gaps persist regarding mulch decomposition, nutrient dynamics, and microbial responses in semi-arid soils under reclaimed water irrigation. This is a critical issue for water-scarce regions like the Brazilian semi-arid. This study evaluated these processes in cactus-sorghum intercropping systems with mulch under irrigation depths with reclaimed water. The study employed a randomized block design with four replicates, testing irrigation depths of 0 %, 80 %, 100 %, and 120 % of sorghum ETc. Mulch decomposition was monitored for 165 days using litter bags, with subsequent C/N analysis of residual biomass. Soils at 0–0.10 m and 0.10–0.20 m depths were sampled to determine the contents of NO₃⁻, NH₄⁺, P, and microbial biomass C (MB-C), basal soil respiration, and aromatization index (ALIFS). Decomposition revealed the highest rates at 10 days (16 %) under 80 % ETc and at 25 days (24 %, 22 %, and 21 %) under 80 %, 100 %, and 120 % ETc, surpassing non-irrigated soils. Residue half-life was 182–196 days. Mulch N content declined most sharply at 10 days (1.2–1.8 g kg⁻¹ in irrigated treatments). Soil NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻ peaked in the 0–0.10 m layer, but nitrate decreased by 15–62 % at 65 days, signaling microbial disruption from water excess. MB-C dropped &gt;90 % at 65 days but recovered by 165 days, with the 80 % and 100 % treatments showing the highest MB-C in surface soils. These treatments also increased available P₂O₅ by 46–216 mg kg⁻¹ versus 0 % and 120 % ETc. The ALIFS was higher in irrigated soils, especially at 120 % ETc (0–0.10 m). Reclaimed water irrigation enhanced nutrient supply, decomposition, and microbial activity, reducing synthetic fertilizer dependency while improving soil health in semi-arid agroecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e00978"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors governing the formation, distribution and taxonomy of soils with glossic horizons and features in the contiguous USA","authors":"James G. Bockheim ,&nbsp;Ryan C. Hodges ,&nbsp;Alfred E. Hartemink","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00973","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soils with glossic horizons and features (referred to here as glossic soils) have horizons with interfingering of albic materials in the upper part of an underlying argillic or natric horizon. In the contiguous (exclusive of Alaska and Hawaii and US territories) USA there are 739 soil series covering 227,000 km² with a glossic horizon or glossic features. Here we analyze site factors and soil properties that govern their formation, distribution and taxonomic classification. Seven distinctive geographic regions containing glossic soils were examined: the Great Lakes (37 % of area), Gulf Slope (23 %), Lower Mississippi Valley (12 %), Central Thin Loess-Till region (9 %), Rocky Mountains (9 %), Northern Great Plains (6 %), and Florida Flatwoods (2 %). Glossic soils in these regions have the following features: 90 % of the soil series are well, moderately well, or somewhat poorly drained, 92 % are covered with broadleaved or mixed broadleaved-coniferous forest, 92 % are deep or very deep (&gt;100 cm), 85 % have mixed or siliceous mineralogy according to Soil Taxonomy (ST), 73 % have a coarse-loamy, fine-loamy, fine-silty, or fine particle size class according to ST, and 70 % of the soils have a base saturation &gt; 70 % in the 0 to 50 cm depth. About 40 % of what was once may have been the argillic or natric horizon has been degraded, but some argillic horizons in the Great Lakes and Lower Mississippi Valley have been completely degraded to depths of &gt;200 cm. Five constructs explaining the origin of glossic horizons are explored, including (i) lithologic discontinuities, (ii) a former periglacial climate and permafrost, (iii) shifts in ecotones related to climate change, (iv) increased podzolization following leaching of carbonates; and (v) redox processes derived from a fluctuating water table. Glossic soils occur on sediments dated from early Holocene to early Pleistocene age, or older. About 38 % of the soil series likely have never experienced permafrost or a periglacial climate. Formation of a glossic horizon or features is a retrograde form of pedogenesis initiated by the loss of carbonates, acidification, and the development of redoximorphic features. This process may be driven by natural stages in pedogenesis or by major changes in early Holocene climate and vegetation. About two-thirds of the glossic soils in the contiguous USA do not meet the requirements of albeluvic glossae or retic properties in the WRB classification system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e00973"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Based on soil carbon saturation capacity what is the potential for soil carbon improvement in rice-based cropping systems of northwest region of Bangladesh?","authors":"Md. Noor E. Alam Siddique ,&nbsp;Lisa A. Lobry de Bruyn ,&nbsp;Yui Osanai ,&nbsp;Chris N. Guppy","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The regional study determined soil organic carbon (SOC) saturation capacity and deficit of rice-based cropping systems (RBCS) in a range of land resource, crop and management combinations to identify which RBCS had the greatest potential for improving SOC. Six RBCS were examined and the crop-diversified and mustard-rice triple cropping systems in medium highland (MHL) had the greatest potential with the highest carbon saturation capacity and lowest carbon deficit. This finding was largely attributed to the location of these RBCS where the soil's dominant clay mineral types (1:1 or 2:1 clays) and level of inundation resulted in a higher proportion of fine soil particles compared to the other RBCS. Higher SOC levels recorded in these systems, hence the lower soil carbon deficit, was also partly due to greater carbon inputs from three annual crops and greater retention of crop residue. In contrast, maize-rice, wheat-rice, and vegetable-rice triple cropping systems on highland (HL) had less potential for soil carbon improvement. The location of these RBCS in HL areas, which are prone to SOC loss through soil erosion, combined with less crop diversity, low crop residue retention and greater soil disturbance through tillage further reduces the likelihood of SOC increases. Largely due to these management factors the most vulnerable RBCS is rice-rice double cropping system on MHL, which has a 76 % deficit to carbon saturation capacity, despite a more favorable land resource. To address soil carbon deficits, especially under vulnerable soil types, various management strategies could be applied, including: optimal fertilization, use of organic manures, crop rotations, and greater crop residue retention. Enhancing soil resilience is crucial for maintaining productivity, especially in high tillage systems. Greater crop diversity and increased residue retention could improve carbon sequestration, benefiting soil health and climate change mitigation. Promoting crop-diversified and mustard-rice systems among smallholder farmers in suitable regions of the Floodplain and Terrace soil physiography throughout Bangladesh, is recommended, while other systems with higher soil carbon deficits require increased carbon inputs, by reducing fallow periods and crop residue removal in the region. Support for smallholders through access to land of greater land capability, subsidized inputs, and agricultural extension activities is essential for enhancing soil resilience and productivity in RBCS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e00975"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of mid-infrared spectroscopy for soil analysis in calcareous Argania spinosa forests in Morocco","authors":"Lars Engelmann,&nbsp;Reinhard Bierl,&nbsp;Mario Kirchhoff,&nbsp;Johannes B. Ries","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00964","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy is a promising tool to meet the growing global demand for soil data, as it allows a rapid and inexpensive collection of infrared spectra. Despite an increasing number of soil property predictions based on such datasets, the data availability in arid regions is still sparse. This is particularly problematic as the presence of inorganic carbonates poses additional challenges to model development in arid regions while limiting the applicability of models developed in more humid climates. In this study, the potential application of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for soil analysis in degraded <em>Argania spinosa</em> populations is assessed. The underlying objective was twofold. First of all, the models generated may help to monitor soil conditions in an endangered UNESCO biosphere reserve. Secondly, knowledge gaps in arid, calcareous regions of Northern Africa are addressed by creating a sample collection of considerable size. Spectra of 397 soil samples were recorded in addition to conventional laboratory measurements of pH, percolation stability (PS), nitrogen (N), total organic carbon (TOC), and inorganic carbon (iC). Partial least squares (PLS) regression was then used to predict these soil properties based on the MIR records. The models were calibrated, independently validated, and evaluated based on the coefficient of determination (R²), the root mean square error (RMSE), the ratio of performance to deviation (RPD), and the ratio of performance to interquantile range (RPIQ). Promising model validation results were obtained for N (R²: 0.86, RPD: 2.71, RPIQ: 2.45, RMSE: 0.03), TOC (R²: 0.89, RPD: 3.06, RPIQ: 1.72, RMSE: 0.44), and iC (R²: 0.96, RPD: 5.32, RPIQ: 2.01, RMSE: 0.15), but not for the pH (R²: 0.37, RPD: 1.27, RPIQ: 1.51, RMSE: 0.17) or PS (R²: 0.30, RPD: 1.20, RPIQ: 1.31, RMSE: 80.54). Especially the results of the N prediction show that reliable MIR models can be trained in arid environments despite noticeable effects of ubiquitous iC. In contrast, the pH and PS models highlight clear limitations of the technique for surrogate calibrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e00964"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144271186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}