Geoderma Regional最新文献

{"title":"From global trends to local realities: SOC accrual of improved management practices in northwestern Europe","authors":"J.A.B. Schepens ,&nbsp;C.J. Koopmans ,&nbsp;D.T. Heupink ,&nbsp;B.G.H. Timmermans ,&nbsp;N. Gentsch ,&nbsp;S. Martens ,&nbsp;J. de Haan ,&nbsp;R.E. Creamer ,&nbsp;G.Y.K. Moinet","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerous meta-analyses provide rates of carbon accrual for specific management practices at global scales. However, understanding how specific farming practices and soil properties influence SOC accrual within defined regions remains challenging. We examined whether three well-investigated improved management practices (organic fertilizer input, cover crops, and non-inversion tillage) increase SOC stocks within arable farming in Northwestern Europe. It was hypothesized that SOC accrual would be primarily driven by clay content. We sampled eleven experimental sites, where experimental durations, clay content, and SOC content ranged from 5 to 23 years, 1–20 %, and 0.9–2.3 %, respectively. The sites were sampled according to a uniform protocol for two depths (0–30 and 30–60 cm). Our cross-site analysis revealed substantial variation in SOC responses to the management practices, even within a single climatic region. There was a clear trend of increasing SOC accrual with increasing organic matter inputs from organic amendments, but effects were site dependent. Besides organic amendments, only frost-resistant cover crop species combined with non-inversion tillage accrued SOC at one site. Contrary to our hypothesis, clay content was not the primary driver of SOC accrual. Instead, SOC accrual was most strongly driven by the interplay between experimental duration and the initial SOC stock. Our study underscores the need for context-specific SOC management strategies that account for the initial SOC levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e00983"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144557539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil carbon storage in rangeland ecosystems: The role of land management, climate change, and soil chemical transformations","authors":"Solmaz Bidast,&nbsp;Ahmad Golchin","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Comprehension of the complex relationship between climate variations and soil characteristics is crucial for effectively managing soil organic carbon stocks (SOCs). This study involved a comprehensive analysis of soil properties, including sequential extraction of pedogenic oxides and carbon fractionation, across three distinct land management types: grazing land, undisturbed rangeland, and cultivated rangeland (cropland). Using the RothC model, projections were made to assess changes in SOC over a 63-year period under three different climate scenarios: baseline climate, warm-dry, and cool-wet scenarios. The findings revealed a strong linear correlation between observed and modeled SOC values for each management practice. Without climate change, the model predicted a 4.21 % decrease in SOC for cropland and a 2.37 % decrease for grazing land, while undisturbed rangeland showed a 3.04 % increase. Under the warm-dry scenario, all sites experienced a decline in SOC, whereas under the cool-wet scenario, SOC increased uniformly across all sites. In contradistinction to cropland and grazing land, undisturbed rangeland exhibited unique characteristics due to its long-term exposure to weathering. These included a significant increase in the chemical index of alteration, higher levels of occluding carbon within the microaggregates fraction, and varied amounts of dithionite and oxalate-extractable aluminum and iron. These factors enhanced the physical protection of SOC from microbial decomposition. This was supported by positive correlations between SOC and these factors, as well as the humified organic matter pool. In summary, understanding the relationship between management practices, climatic conditions, and the mechanisms that govern SOC conservation is pivotal for judicious decision-making.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e00984"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessement of soil erosion susceptibility in Maga, Sudano-Sahelian zone (Far North Cameroon): contribution of RUSLE model coupled with a GIS","authors":"Denis Tiki ,&nbsp;Lionelle Bitom-Mamdem ,&nbsp;Achille Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Aboubakar Amina ,&nbsp;Sabine Danala ,&nbsp;Patrick Mounouneck ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Yaboki ,&nbsp;Abdou Razak ,&nbsp;Olivier Leumbe Leumbe ,&nbsp;Françis Ngome","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water erosion is a major environmental, agronomic and economic challenge that has a major impact on food security in Africa. It is a real problem that impacts the socio-economic development of rural world, through huge losses of land in a very fragile ecosystem whose soils are poor and poorly protected, exposed to anthropo-ecological effects, amplified by climate variability and imbalance. The aim of this study is to assess degree of susceptibility to water erosion in Maga (Far North Cameroon) and to Model out the priority vulnerable areas in order to make recommendations and possibly take action. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS) is the most appropriate methodological approach for assessement susceptibility to erosion, with the contribution of pedological, topographical, climatic and land-use data. Multi-criteria cross-referencing establishes the erosion susceptibility map, according to the level of risk, including very high risk (6 %), high risk (18 %), moderate risk (15 %), low risk (19 %) and very low risk (36 %). The morphology of the large basin (1400 m) with high average rainfall in the Mandara Mountains (900 mm/year) immediately influences the dynamics of the low to zero slope “<em>Yaeres</em>” with a run-off process that modifies the surface properties of the soils (sandy and sandy-clay), with a frequent water deficit, due to their low organic matter content (≤2 %) are very sensitive to erosion. Soil particles are scattered and very compact, due to the absence of plant cover and poor farming practices. In addition, overgrazing, population growth, tree felling, uncontrolled bushfires and dilapidated water infrastructure all contribute to erosion and the emergence of gullies, loss of biodiversity, reduced fertility and lower agricultural yields. Erosion thus affects the sustainability of soil and water resources, in particular the longevity of dam reservoirs and the recharging of aquifers in a very fragile ecosystem, giving way to land degradation and the advance of desertification, which have become increasingly urgent over time and on a spatial scale. Their impact is felt on the economy, the environment and the well-being of populations, particularly rural populations who depend on these resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e00982"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144563133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping basic properties of Danish sandy soils using on-the-go proximal sensors and terrain attributes","authors":"Ameesh Khatkar,&nbsp;Amélie Beucher,&nbsp;Triven Koganti,&nbsp;Lars Juhl Munkholm,&nbsp;Mathieu Lamandé","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On-the-go proximal soil sensing based on geophysical sensors is increasingly recognized as the ‘gold standard’ in digital soil mapping due to its capacity to generate high-resolution maps of soil properties at the field scale. However, studies of their limitations are scarce. In this study, we evaluated the suitability of electromagnetic induction (EMI) and gamma-ray spectroscopy (GRS), along with terrain attributes (TA), to predict four soil properties, i.e. clay content, total carbon, bulk density, and soil water content. Soil samples were collected from the top (15 cm depth) and subsoil (40 cm depth) at 69 points distributed in three sandy arable fields. Soil properties were estimated through multiple linear regression (MLR) and cross-validated using the Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (LOOCV). The MLR models were then filtered based on Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (LCCC), coefficient of determination (R²) and normalized root mean square error (nRMSE). The results indicated that estimating the soil properties in sandy soils is challenging, specifically in subsoil, as reliable models were achieved only for topsoil in two fields. Inverting the EMI data improved modelling results compared to using raw EMI data. Despite the challenges encountered, predictors from the EMI and GRS emerged as key contributors to models with the highest performance, indicating the potential of on-the-go geophysical sensors for generating high-resolution digital soil maps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e00981"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralogical controls over soil K reserves: A case study in Southeastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro State)","authors":"Weslley Silva Julio ,&nbsp;Gabriel Ramatis Pugliese Andrade ,&nbsp;Josiane Leal Knupp ,&nbsp;Betânia Roqueto dos Reis ,&nbsp;Cláudio Roberto Marciano ,&nbsp;Antonio Carlos de Azevedo ,&nbsp;Valdomiro Severino Souza Junior","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessing soil potassium (K) reserves is essential to help developing strategies focused on reducing the dependence of tropical countries for K-fertilizers. Samples from six soils located at Southeastern Brazil (Rio de Janeiro State), were investigated to better understand the mineralogical control over their K reserves. Mineral assemblage was characterized through X-ray diffraction, using Rietveld Refinement to determine minerals contents in the coarse fractions and NEWMOD to describe and quantify interstratifications in clay fraction. Total (K_t) and non-exchangeable K (K_ne) were determined in the samples. The highest K_t and K_ne contents were observed in moderately-weathered Cambisol samples, with high primary mica contents in coarse fractions, as well as illite-rich interstratified phases in the clay fraction. Highly-weathered soils (Lixisols and a Histosol) rich in kaolinite, poorly-weathered soils (Phaeozem and Chernosol) rich in weatherable primary minerals (K-feldspars, plagioclases and amphiboles), and interstratified clays 2:1 clays presented low-to-moderate K_t and K_ne contents. There was a positive and significant correlation of K_t and K_ne contents with illite layers, mainly allocated at kaolinite-illite interstratifications. Multivariate statistical approach enabled assigning K_t, K_ne, primary micas and illite layers as combined variables accounting for differentiating Cambisol samples from other samples, which presented lower K reservoirs. The absence of correlations between muscovite and K_ne may be related to an underestimation of K_ne content by standard method (<em>Na</em>-tetraphenyl borate), likely due to its incapacity of extract K_ne efficiently from coarse particles. These findings emphasize illite-rich interstratified clays as major mineralogical controls over K reserves in the investigated tropical soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e00980"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From forest to farmland: Tracking time series variations in soil quality in semiarid oak forest","authors":"Hojat Fathy ,&nbsp;Mehdi Heydari ,&nbsp;Hassan Fathizad ,&nbsp;Jaafar Hosseinzadeh ,&nbsp;Ali Najafifar ,&nbsp;Seyed Roohollah Mousavi ,&nbsp;Aliakbar Jafarzadeh ,&nbsp;Brandon Heung","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessing soil quality (SQ) is essential for sustainable development, as soils play a fundamental role in ecosystems, influencing habitat characteristics, ecosystem stability, and biogeochemical cycles. This study examines the spatio-temporal variations of the Soil Quality Index (SQI) in response to land use changes within a semi-arid oak forest ecosystem in western Iran from 1985 to 2021. To conduct the research, 150 surface soil samples (0–30 cm) were collected using the conditional Latin hypercube sampling method. The physical and chemical attributes of these samples were analyzed to determine the SQI using the Integrated Weighted Index method. Additionally, various environmental variables—including geological maps, topographic attributes, and proximity to streams and roads—were incorporated into the analysis. Time series maps of vegetation indices and land use were generated using Landsat 8 imagery (covering 1985, 2000, 2010, and 2021) to support SQI spatial prediction. The Random Forest (RF) model was employed to model and map both SQI and land use changes over time. The RF model demonstrated high accuracy, achieving a Kappa index of 92.3 %–96.0 % for land use predictions and an R² value of 0.80–0.88 for SQI predictions. Spatial modeling results identified four key environmental factors influencing SQI: convergence index, vector terrain ruggedness, distance from streams, and minimum noise fraction of Landsat bands. Analysis of SQ changes from 1985 to 2021 revealed a significant shift in the distribution of SQI classes across various land uses. The proportion of low-SQ areas increased by 20.3 % in forests, 22.6 % in agricultural lands, and 29.7 % in rangelands, indicating widespread soil degradation. Notably, in the central part of the study area—where rangeland and agricultural lands have expanded—SQI exhibited a downward trend, further reflecting soil deterioration associated with these land uses. This research highlights the critical need for ongoing SQ monitoring and sustainable land management measures to mitigate soil degradation in semi-arid ecosystems. The findings emphasize the detrimental impact of land use changes on soil health, particularly the conversion of forests to agricultural lands, which has contributed to severe soil degradation and biodiversity loss. Implementing conservation strategies, such as reforestation and improved agricultural practices, is essential to preserving soil quality in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e00974"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144366545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cashew residue biochar enhances the pore network of cohesive soil in the Brazilian Coastal Tablelands","authors":"Jaedson Cláudio Anunciato Mota ,&nbsp;Emanuela Barbosa dos Santos ,&nbsp;Alexandre dos Santos Queiroz ,&nbsp;Odair Pastor Ferreira ,&nbsp;Antônio Gomes de Souza Filho ,&nbsp;Laís Gomes Fregolente ,&nbsp;Francisca Gleiciane da Silva ,&nbsp;Arthur Prudêncio de Araujo Pereira ,&nbsp;Helon Hébano de Freitas Sousa ,&nbsp;Mirian Cristina Gomes Costa ,&nbsp;Ícaro Vasconcelos do Nascimento","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil physical quality is essential for agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. Cohesive horizons often present high bulk density and low macroporosity, limiting water flow and aeration. This study evaluated the application of biochar derived from cashew residue as a conditioner to improve the physical quality of cohesive soils. We hypothesized that cashew residue biochar enhances soil (macro) porosity, pore connectivity, water retention, and water and airflow in cohesive horizons. The experiment was conducted with five biochar application rates (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 Mg ha⁻¹) in a randomized design, using disturbed soil samples manually packed into cylinders to ensure consistent bulk density. We analyzed the soil-water retention curve (SWRC), pore size distribution curve (PSDC), air permeability, pore continuity indices, and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Results demonstrated significant improvements in soil structure and pore functionality at higher biochar doses (20–40 Mg ha⁻¹), despite the pore-blocking effect observed at these rates. The 40 Mg ha⁻¹ treatment increased macroporosity by 15.3 %, while pore connectivity indices N and Log M rose by 34.2 % and 18.3 %, respectively. Available water improved by 9.1 %, and air permeability increased by 63.3 %, 45.0 %, 20.7 %, and 43.3 % at matric potentials of −6, −10, −33, and −100 kPa, respectively. Saturated hydraulic conductivity also increased by 18 % with the highest dose. These findings demonstrate the potential of cashew residue biochar to enhance the physical quality of cohesive soils, supporting more efficient soil management and sustainable agriculture. Applications between 20 and 40 Mg ha⁻¹ are recommended to optimize improvements in soil physical properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e00979"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144321068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sensitivity and sustainability of soil quality indicators of Epicalcic Chernozem under soil erosion control technologies","authors":"Gergana Kuncheva ,&nbsp;Milena Kercheva ,&nbsp;Galina Petkova ,&nbsp;Jonita Perfanova ,&nbsp;Tsvetina Paparkova ,&nbsp;Viktor Kolchakov ,&nbsp;Galin Ginchev ,&nbsp;Lev Tribis ,&nbsp;Katerina Doneva ,&nbsp;Milena Mitova","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00976","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Depending on climate and crop management, soil characteristics respond differently to continuous erosion control tillage. This study aims to evaluate the sensitivity and sustainability of soil quality indicators under agrotechnologies of different erosion control effectiveness on moderately eroded Epicalcic Chernozem on sloped arable land. A three-year (2021−2023) field experiment was conducted under winter wheat and maize rotations (W-M-W and M-W-M) and application of conventional tillage along the slope (CT_S), conventional contour tillage (CT_C) and crop specific minimum tillage, with an inclusion of a cover crop (barley) after wheat and use it as green manure before maize (MT). The surface water runoff and soil losses were registered after each erosive precipitation. The soil microbial, chemical and physical properties were measured twice in а growing season at two depths. The relative decrease in soil losses under maize and wheat was better expressed under MT (58 % and 63 %) than under CTс (51 % and 42 %). The cover crop and minimum tillage under maize maintained higher SOC content, but only till next crop in the rotation. A higher positive effect on Cmic and the studied enzymes was reported mainly under MT as follows: Cmic, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, urase and protease under both crops; β glucosidase under maize. The enzymes activity was higher in autumn. The effect of MT on packing density, relative field capacity and S index was better pronounced in rotation W-M<img>W. The rotation M-W-M had better effect on water stability of soil aggregates (WSA) and plant available water capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e00976"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144330970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nitrogen loss due to nitrate reduction in the soil profile depends on the type of cropland","authors":"Zhenqi Shi ,&nbsp;Dongli She ,&nbsp;Yongchun Pan ,&nbsp;Alimu Abulaiti ,&nbsp;Lei Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaoqin Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The N cycle in shallow soil is affected by the cropland type; however, little is known about nitrate loss in deeper soil layers in upland and paddy fields. We employed a soil slurry-based ¹⁵N paired tracer technique to investigate denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) rates in the 0–200 cm soil profile of paddy and uplands (40 cm per layer) in the Ningxia Yellow River irrigation district. The rates of N loss of denitrification and anammox ranged from 0.29 to 9.06 nmol N g⁻¹·h⁻¹. In the paddy soil, the rates of N loss decreased from the 0–40 cm layer to the 160–200 cm layer, and the rates ranged from 0.74 to 9.06 nmol N g⁻¹·h⁻¹, in the upland soil, the rate of N loss exhibited a decreasing trend from the 0–40 cm layer to deeper layers, followed by an increase from the 80–120 cm layer to the 160–200 cm layer, with values ranging from 0.29 to 1.99 nmol N g⁻¹·h⁻¹. Denitrification was the major contributor to N loss in paddy soil, accounting for 66.59–85.47 % of nitrate loss. In addition, paddy field soils presented a more diverse N-reducing bacterial community than uplands soil did, with Chao1, ACE and Shannon index in the bacterial diversity analysis being greater in paddy fields than upland soils. <em>Desulfobacca</em>, <em>Fimbriimonas</em>, <em>Thiobacillus</em>, <em>Anaerolinea</em>, <em>Anaeromyxobacter</em> and <em>Syntrophobacter</em> presented relatively high abundances in the 0–40 cm soil profile in the paddy fields. The nitrate reduction rate in the soil profile was determined by crop type. The nitrogen reduction loss in deep soil layers cannot be ignored, and long-term crop types can impact soil texture and microbial community structure, ultimately leading to differences in the diversity of nitrogen-transforming microorganisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e00977"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144307392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of reclaimed water irrigation on mulch decomposition, microbial activity, and soil nutrient availability in the Brazilian semi-arid","authors":"Aline Roma Tomaz ,&nbsp;William Ramos da Silva ,&nbsp;Thiago Massao Inagaki ,&nbsp;Emylaine Oliveira Santos ,&nbsp;Giselle Gomes Monteiro Fracetto ,&nbsp;Felipe José Cury Fracetto ,&nbsp;Vitor da Silveira Freitas ,&nbsp;Diego Victor Babos ,&nbsp;Débora Marcondes Bastos Pereira Milori ,&nbsp;Abelardo Antônio de Assunção Montenegro ,&nbsp;Ademir de Oliveira Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e00978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Knowledge gaps persist regarding mulch decomposition, nutrient dynamics, and microbial responses in semi-arid soils under reclaimed water irrigation. This is a critical issue for water-scarce regions like the Brazilian semi-arid. This study evaluated these processes in cactus-sorghum intercropping systems with mulch under irrigation depths with reclaimed water. The study employed a randomized block design with four replicates, testing irrigation depths of 0 %, 80 %, 100 %, and 120 % of sorghum ETc. Mulch decomposition was monitored for 165 days using litter bags, with subsequent C/N analysis of residual biomass. Soils at 0–0.10 m and 0.10–0.20 m depths were sampled to determine the contents of NO₃⁻, NH₄⁺, P, and microbial biomass C (MB-C), basal soil respiration, and aromatization index (ALIFS). Decomposition revealed the highest rates at 10 days (16 %) under 80 % ETc and at 25 days (24 %, 22 %, and 21 %) under 80 %, 100 %, and 120 % ETc, surpassing non-irrigated soils. Residue half-life was 182–196 days. Mulch N content declined most sharply at 10 days (1.2–1.8 g kg⁻¹ in irrigated treatments). Soil NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻ peaked in the 0–0.10 m layer, but nitrate decreased by 15–62 % at 65 days, signaling microbial disruption from water excess. MB-C dropped &gt;90 % at 65 days but recovered by 165 days, with the 80 % and 100 % treatments showing the highest MB-C in surface soils. These treatments also increased available P₂O₅ by 46–216 mg kg⁻¹ versus 0 % and 120 % ETc. The ALIFS was higher in irrigated soils, especially at 120 % ETc (0–0.10 m). Reclaimed water irrigation enhanced nutrient supply, decomposition, and microbial activity, reducing synthetic fertilizer dependency while improving soil health in semi-arid agroecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"42 ","pages":"Article e00978"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}