Geoderma Regional最新文献

{"title":"Short-term effects of converting degraded pasture to silvopastoral systems on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics in a Brazilian Oxisol","authors":"Róberson Machado Pimentel ,&nbsp;Dilermando Miranda da Fonseca ,&nbsp;Emanuelle Mercês Barros Soares ,&nbsp;Sílvio Nolasco de Oliveira Neto ,&nbsp;Geraldo Fábio Viana Bayão ,&nbsp;Rafael da Silva Teixeira ,&nbsp;Igor Lima Bretas ,&nbsp;Wesley dos Santos Souza ,&nbsp;Rafael Gonçalves Tonucci ,&nbsp;Bruno Grossi Costa Homem ,&nbsp;Fernanda Helena Martins Chizzotti","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrated crop–livestock–forestry systems is a strategy for removing atmospheric CO₂ emissions and enhancing the resilience of agricultural to climate change. This study assessed recovery of degraded areas through silvopastoral systems (SPS) and their monocultures on soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks six years after establishment. The systems included: SPS with intrarow spacings of 2 or 4 m and an interrow spacing of 12 m; <em>Eucalyptus</em> spp. monoculture (3 × 3 m); renovated pasture monoculture; degraded pasture; and native vegetation. The total C and N stocks were calculated up to 100 cm and expressed on an equivalent soil mass basis, using native vegetation as the reference. Monoculture systems, whether renovated pasture (112.2 Mg C ha⁻¹ and 7.9 Mg N ha⁻¹) or Eucalyptus (101.3 Mg C ha⁻¹ and 7.9 Mg N ha⁻¹), did not restore soil C and N stocks to levels comparable with native vegetation (122.4 Mg C ha⁻¹ and 10.0 Mg N ha⁻¹). In contrast, the SPS (118.7 Mg C ha⁻¹ and 9.3 Mg N ha⁻¹) had greater C and N stocks than those in degraded pasture (104.8 Mg C ha⁻¹ and 6.6 Mg N ha⁻¹) and N stocks similar for the native vegetation. Moreover, SPS significantly increased C in particulate organic matter (POM<img>C) and improved the C management index at 20–40 cm (CMI = 59) and 40–60 cm (CMI = 90) depths compared to degraded pasture (CMI = 23 and 28, respectively). These findings underscore the potential of SPS as a sustainable strategy for recovering degraded pastures and improving soil quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01042"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil fertility and maize response to subsoil deep tillage and termite mound amendments in strongly weathered plinthic soils","authors":"John Banza Mukalay ,&nbsp;Jeroen Meersmans ,&nbsp;Joost Wellens ,&nbsp;Yannick Useni Sikuzani ,&nbsp;Emery Kasongo Lenge Mukonzo ,&nbsp;Gilles Colinet","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plinthite, an iron-rich and humus-poor clay horizon that hardens irreversibly, poses major constraints to agriculture in the Lubumbashi region. Termite mound materials, which are enriched in basic cations, combined with subsoiling to fragment and remove plinthite, may improve soil fertility. This study evaluated the combined effects of subsoiling and termite mound amendments on Plinthosols under maize across ten blocks covering 660 ha. Surface soils (0–10 cm) were sampled, soil profiles were described, and maize yields were measured over two growing seasons. Spatial patterns of soil properties and yield were mapped using the Spline With Barriers method, and stepwise regression was applied to identify key variables controlling yield.</div><div>Soil thickness ranged from &lt;9 cm in areas requiring secondary subsoiling to &gt;73 cm in blocks B2, B5, B6, and B9. Soil pH (KCl) ranged from 4.1 to 7.8, while pH in water ranged from 4.9 to 8.7, with stronger acidity observed in blocks B8–B10. Total organic carbon (TOC) was generally low (0.4–2.5%). Nutrient contents were highly heterogeneous: P ranged from 5.1 to 145.5 mg kg⁻¹; Ca from 1360 to 18,268 mg kg⁻¹; K from 130.2 to 942.0 mg kg⁻¹; and Mg from 238.8 to 2987 mg kg⁻¹. Available Al (44–293 mg kg⁻¹), Fe (28.1–351.7 mg kg⁻¹), Mn (4.4–669 mg kg⁻¹) and Cu (1.9–25.8 mg kg⁻¹) also showed strong spatial variability. Bulk density decreased with depth, and although Ksat remained low, water retention was improved in the surface layer. Maize grain yield ranged from 2.3 to 11.1 t ha⁻¹, with seasonal means of 7.1–8.2 t ha⁻¹. Regression models identified soil pH, Ca, and TOC as the main positive determinants of maize yield, whereas high concentrations of Fe, Cu, and Mn were associated with reduced yields.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01066"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of autumn crop-coverage in nitrate leaching: A Daisy model scenario analysis comparing catch-crops and winter cereals across multiple sites and climatic conditions in Denmark","authors":"Magdalena Vinkler Schwartzkopff ,&nbsp;Per Abrahamsen ,&nbsp;Jørgen Eriksen ,&nbsp;Lars Stoumann Jensen","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the intra-annual dynamics of nitrogen (N) turnover across entire crop rotations is essential for minimizing N losses, as these dynamics carry legacy effects spanning agrohydrological years. While catch-crops (CCs) are widely adopted to mitigate N leaching, there is uncertainty of how their effectiveness varies across soil conditions and climates. This study used the agroecological model Daisy to evaluate regional variations, caused by differences in soil- and climatic-conditions, on N leaching in crop rotations with varying proportions of CCs, spring-, and winter-cereals as crop cover. This study utilized four soil types, from coarse sand to clay, and constructed eight 24-year crop rotation scenarios to quantify how differing levels of CC and winter cereal cover reduced annual N leaching and affected other key N-dynamics. Results confirmed that soil type alone could not explain differences in N leaching across crop rotations, but conditions such as early CC termination, restricted root development, high autumn precipitation, and percolation patterns, meant that winter wheat as an autumn cover could be equally effective as CCs in reducing annual N leaching. Although increasing CC-cover generally led to a near-linear reduction in N leaching, the magnitude of reduction varied depending on soil, CC species, and annual weather variability, ranging from 9 to 75 %. Differences between rotations could be largely explained by accounting for the intra-annual dynamics of N cycling. Finally, the high annual and site-specific variability in N leaching highlights the need for adaptive management strategies to ensure consistent reductions under increasingly unpredictable weather conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01033"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pedotransfer functions for Peruvian soils: A web tool for dry bulk density estimation","authors":"Carlos Mestanza ,&nbsp;Miguel Chicchon ,&nbsp;Jonathan Vásquez ,&nbsp;Alexandre ten Caten ,&nbsp;César Beltrán","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dry bulk density measurements are crucial in soil science for calculating soil mass and absolute contents of compounds such as carbon, nutrients, or contaminants. Despite its importance, bulk density is often omitted in soil survey due to the specialized equipment and time required for direct measurement. Pedotransfer functions provide an accurately and cost-effective alternative for estimating bulk density from readily available soil data. However, these equations face two key limitations: they lack universal applicability, requiring country-specific production or recalibration to account for national soil conditions and laboratory protocols, and their implementation remains challenging for end-users (e.g., farmers and agronomists), who need simplified tools to implement functions in field settings. Here we developed dry bulk density pedotransfer functions for Peruvian soil conditions and an open-access web tool to facilitate their application. A total of 15 pedotransfer functions were developed, 4 traditional and 11 machine learning-based, the latter including 3 models based on tabular deep learning. Model performance was evaluated based on the root mean square error (RMSE), goodness of fit (R²), and training time (TT). Statistical comparisons between the model predictions were performed with the Friedman test. Our results show that eXtreme Gradient Boosting machine (RMSE = 0.2215 Mg·m⁻³, R² = 0.56, TT = 0.24 s) achieve the highest predictive performance. However, Friedman test revealed no statistically differences among most models, suggesting that traditional approaches, like the multiple linear regression (RMSE = 0.2475 Mg·m⁻³, R² = 0.45, TT = 0.02 s), retain practical advantages due to their simplicity and practicality. Among tabular deep learning, only the Feature Tokenizer Transformer demonstrated competitive performance (RMSE = 0.2278 Mg·m⁻³, R² = 0.54, TT = 223 s), other models showed limited predictive capability, likely due to constraints imposed by our training dataset size. The pedotransfer functions web tool enables end-users to access and utilize the developed models, thereby reducing the knowledge and application gaps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01054"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146077954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can cohesive soils still have functional pores? An analysis based on X-ray microtomography","authors":"José V. Gaspareto ,&nbsp;Thaís N. Pessoa ,&nbsp;Talita R. Ferreira ,&nbsp;Luiz F. Pires","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cohesive soils account for over 100,000 km² of the Brazilian territory and support extensive agricultural areas, particularly in coastal regions. However, they present challenges for farming because they harden considerably when dry. Therefore, it is essential to study how the pore network of these soils changes during drying. This understanding is essential for promoting sustainable soil management and more efficient use of water resources. This study utilized X-ray microtomography (voxel size: 9.7 μm) to characterize the pore architecture of a cohesive Oxisol under Semideciduous Seasonal Forest, known for its high bulk density. The average imaged porosity was 11.16 % (<em>n</em> = 5), reflecting the soil's dense nature, with the average macroporosity (pores with an equivalent radius &gt; 40 μm) accounting for 63.02 % of the total pore volume. The predominance of macropores contributes to a porous system with a predominant contribution from larger-diameter pores (volume &gt; 10.0 mm³). Despite the low imaged porosity, the soil demonstrated low tortuosity and intermediate pore connectivity, suggesting effective potential pathways for water and gas flow in multiple directions. Pore shape analysis revealed a predominance of elongated pores (prolate and triaxial shapes), which may be associated with biological activity and the natural dynamics of soil matrix reorganization. Principal component analysis (PCA) further supported these findings, showing that the presence of larger pores contributed significantly to imaged porosity and structural complexity, while smaller pores primarily determined the total number of pores. These findings emphasize the importance of examining the micrometric scale pore architecture to understand the functionality of cohesive soils. They demonstrate that the high bulk density typical of cohesive soil horizons does not preclude the presence of a functionally relevant porous system, essential for soil hydrodynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01041"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topsoil development along a litho-climatic sequence of deposited aeolian sediments in the semiarid Pampas (Argentina)","authors":"M.G. Berger ,&nbsp;R. Funk ,&nbsp;M. Leue ,&nbsp;M. Sommer ,&nbsp;D.E. Buschiazzo ,&nbsp;L.A. Iturri","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The remaining Caldenal forests patches in the semiarid Pampas are a sink for aeolian sediments originating from the neighboring agricultural lands. The A horizon inside these patches has developed above a volcanic ash layer deposited in 1932. This particularity allows quantifying the thickening rate and soil development in a relatively short period (since 1932 to present). To evaluate the possible soil development in a semiarid environment under variable texture and climatic conditions, the A horizons of six SW to NE ordered sites were analyzed. Results showed that A horizons thickness increased from SW to NE, in agreement with the direction of the prevailing winds. Soil texture was finer in the same direction, with means of 130.4 μm (fine sand, SW extreme) and 82.4 μm (very fine sand, NE extreme). The size and the rounded shape of the particles composing the A horizons agree with an aeolian origin of the sediments. Higher soil development, expressed by darker colors, better structure (granular and subangular aggregate types of moderate to strong degree) and higher organic C concentrations (4.5%), was detected to the NE, which coincided with finer texture and higher mean annual precipitation and temperature. Results showed that forest patches are not only sinks for C enriched wind-blown sediments in semiarid environments, but also promote topsoil development even in a short period. Outcomes may be useful to couple to studies on dust and C distribution in the agroecosystem, with the aim off achieving the land neutrality at landscape scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01068"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil multifunctionality and changes in the microbiome community following the transition from forest to agriculture in southern Spain","authors":"Ricardo Andrés Oviedo Celis ,&nbsp;Maria Patiño ,&nbsp;Felipe Bastida ,&nbsp;Cristhian Hernández Gamboa ,&nbsp;José Antonio Pascual ,&nbsp;Margarita Ros","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The conversion of forests to cropland, driven primarily by agricultural expansion, can significantly alter ecosystem services and soil multifunctionality. In this study, we examined the effects of forest-to-cropland conversion in two semi-arid areas of Spain on soil chemical properties, microbial activity, and community structure. Sampling sites included perennial crops in soil A and annual crops in soil B, compared to Aleppo pine (<em>Pinus halepensis</em>) forests in both locations (PS and PC). Forest-to-cropland conversion and land use type influenced soil properties, microbial activity, and carbon and nitrogen cycles. We also observed significant differences (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) in nutrient content for the two agricultural systems compared to the PS and PC forest soils. The annual crop showed a 61% decrease in total organic carbon, which reduced enzymatic activity compared to the forest soil (PS), where the implementation of perennial crops resulted in up to four times higher levels of nutrients such as phosphorus (P). The multifunctionality of the forest (PS) in soil B showed higher values than those of the cultivated lands, while in soil A, the forest (PS) only showed greater microbial activity. According to our study, the conversion of forests to perennial crops can promote soil management in semi-arid regions. These findings highlight the importance of implementing appropriate soil management strategies after the conversion of forest lands to agricultural use, prioritizing systems that maximize overall ecosystem functioning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01050"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of parent materials, landforms and climate on the soil properties distribution in northern and central Malawi","authors":"Cornelius Mgobola Chisambi ,&nbsp;Hitoshi Shinjo","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parent material, landform, and climate strongly influence soil properties, yet their combined effects remain underexplored in Malawi. This study analysed B horizon samples from 41 soil profiles developed on diverse parent materials, landforms (rift valley floor, escarpments, mid- and high-altitude plateaus), and climatic zones across northern and central Malawi. Total elemental composition was used to infer parent material origin and weathering intensity, while effective precipitation (EP; precipitation minus potential evapotranspiration) ranged from −362 to 954 mm. Based on total elemental composition, soils were grouped into four categories: <strong>silica-rich</strong> (356.0 g kg⁻¹ Si), <strong>iron-rich</strong> (92.4 g kg⁻¹ Fe), <strong>intermediate</strong> (297.1 g kg⁻¹ Si, 55.0 g kg⁻¹ Fe), and <strong>CaMgK enriched</strong> (7.0, 4.6, and 20.0 g kg⁻¹, respectively). Silica-rich soils exhibited high sand, Al³⁺, kaolinite, and quartz contents but low pH, total exchangeable bases (TEB), cation exchange capacity (CEC), total reserve bases (TRB), and mica—reflecting felsic parent materials and advanced weathering. These soils, mainly from stable mid-plateaus, were classified as Lixisols, with few Acrisols and Arenosols from the rift valley floor. Iron-rich soils, predominantly from escarpments, had high clay, pH, TEB, CEC (soil and clay), TRB, and mica, indicating not advanced weathering and the presence of weatherable primary minerals. These were mostly Luvisols, Cambisols, and Alisols. Intermediate soils from mid- and high-altitude plateaus showed transitional properties; those from mid-altitude plateau developed into Luvisols and Lixisols, while those from high plateaus under higher EP formed Acrisols. CaMgK enriched soils, common in unstable rift valley and escarpment zones, had the highest pH, TEB, CEC, TRB, and mica but low kaolinite, indicating limited weathering linked to erosion–deposition processes. These were mainly Luvisols, Cambisols, and Vertisols. Increasing EP corresponded with declining pH, TEB, and base saturation, and rising Al³⁺, reflecting leaching and Acrisol formation under wetter and in stable conditions. Overall, parent material, landform, and climate collectively shaped soil properties and classification, with iron-rich soils appearing less weathered than expected, likely due to ongoing tectonic rejuvenation within the Malawi Rift Valley.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01047"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145925804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sewage sludge and its biochar as organic amendments: Modulating microbial activity, nutrient dynamics, and chemical properties in sandy soil cultivated with sugarcane","authors":"Caio Nunes Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Felipe José Cury Fracetto ,&nbsp;William Ramos da Silva ,&nbsp;Thiago Massao Inagaki ,&nbsp;Renato Lemos dos Santos ,&nbsp;Giselle Gomes Monteiro Fracetto ,&nbsp;Ademir de Oliveira Ferreira","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2025.e01036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sewage sludge-derived biochar, a carbon-rich material produced by the pyrolysis of sewage sludge, has emerged as a promising amendment for enhancing the fertility and biological quality of nutrient-poor sandy soils in tropical regions. We investigated the effects of sewage sludge (SS) and its biochar (SSB) on microbial indicators, nutrient dynamics, and sugarcane biomass growth in sandy soil over 120 days. Treatments included individual applications of SS (40 Mg ha⁻¹) and SSB (20 Mg ha⁻¹), their combinations at 75:25, 50:50, and 25:75 SS:SSB ratios, a mineral fertilizer, and an unfertilized control. Microbial biomass carbon (Cmic), basal C-CO₂ flux, metabolic (qCO₂) and microbial (qMic) quotients were monitored, along with ammonium and nitrate levels, available phosphorus (P), and carbon stock. SS promoted a rapid rise in microbial activity and Cmic, whereas SSB sustained these effects over time, demonstrating complementary roles. The 75:25 combination exhibited the strongest synergistic response, enhancing microbial efficiency (higher qMic and lower qCO₂), P availability, and carbon storage. Ammonium and nitrate peaked during early and mid-stages, respectively, with the highest values under SS. At the same time, P availability and soil carbon stocks were maximized under 75:25. Sugarcane biomass increased significantly in this treatment, despite foliar N and P concentrations remaining below sufficiency levels. These results highlight clear synergistic interactions between SS and SSB, emphasizing that the 75:25 combination offers a balanced strategy to improve nutrient cycling, microbial functionality, and carbon stabilization in tropical sandy soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01036"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145685392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid analysis of farm-scale soil cadmium concentrations using a regional soil spectral library","authors":"G. Shrestha ,&nbsp;R. Calvelo-Pereira ,&nbsp;P. Roudier ,&nbsp;G. Kereszturi ,&nbsp;P. Jeyakumar ,&nbsp;A.P. Martin ,&nbsp;R.E. Turnbull ,&nbsp;C.W.N. Anderson","doi":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geodrs.2026.e01063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Monitoring soil cadmium (Cd) at farm-scales (average 3 km²) can potentially be rapid and cost-efficient by implementing proximal sensing techniques benefiting from a leveraged regional-scale (≥ 40,000 km²) soil spectral library (RSSL). However, prediction models based on RSSL are often of limited use when applied at farm-scales because the coarseness of the RSSL. In this study, a New Zealand RSSL was used to assess the Cd concentration in a farm-scale sample set. For all samples, total Cd was determined, and visible-near-infrared (vis-NIR), mid-infrared (MIR), and portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) spectra were collected. A localisation technique to predict farm-scale Cd using RSSL spectral data was developed, based on spectral similarity or land use similarity relative to the farm-scale samples, and/or supplemented with selected farm-scale samples, as input for partial least squares regression and LOCAL algorithms. A model using MIR data from a RSSL pastoral samples subset (<em>n</em> = 283) spiked with 12 extra weighted (×4) farm-scale samples as an input for a LOCAL algorithm, quantified Cd optimally (root mean square error = 0.22 mg Cd/kg; concordance correlation coefficient = 0.78; ratio of performance to interquartile distance = 1.93). Spiking the RSSL subset with farm-scale samples, including otherwise under-represented attributes such as soil order and Cd concentration range, improved the performance of models predicting farm-scale total Cd concentrations. A hybrid technique of localisation approach considered in this study may reduce compliance costs for Cd surveying and management, benefiting farmers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56001,"journal":{"name":"Geoderma Regional","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article e01063"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147394357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}