Morgan E. John*, Daven Foster, Stephen A. Moggach, George A. Koutsantonis, Reto Dorta and Scott G. Stewart*,
{"title":"Practical, Large-Scale Preparation of Ni(tmeda)(o-tol)Cl","authors":"Morgan E. John*, Daven Foster, Stephen A. Moggach, George A. Koutsantonis, Reto Dorta and Scott G. Stewart*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.4c0040810.1021/acs.oprd.4c00408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00408https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00408","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A convenient, inexpensive synthesis of the previously reported, well-defined complex Ni(tmeda)(<i>o</i>-tol)Cl is described. This protocol enables rapid and safe access to Ni(tmeda)(<i>o</i>-tol)Cl, obviating the use of the hazardous reagent AlMe<sub>3</sub> or air-sensitive Ni(COD)<sub>2</sub>. Ni(tmeda)(<i>o</i>-tol)Cl is prepared at room temperature from commercially available and easily synthesized precursor Ni(acac)<sub>2</sub> and can be isolated at gram scale in air via simple filtration. We expect this simple method to be attractive to chemical industry and academia given the types of solvents, reaction temperature, and reagents used.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"28 12","pages":"4485–4491 4485–4491"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Morgan E. John, Daven Foster, Stephen A. Moggach, George A. Koutsantonis, Reto Dorta, Scott G. Stewart
{"title":"Practical, Large-Scale Preparation of Ni(tmeda)(o-tol)Cl","authors":"Morgan E. John, Daven Foster, Stephen A. Moggach, George A. Koutsantonis, Reto Dorta, Scott G. Stewart","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00408","url":null,"abstract":"A convenient, inexpensive synthesis of the previously reported, well-defined complex Ni(tmeda)(<i>o</i>-tol)Cl is described. This protocol enables rapid and safe access to Ni(tmeda)(<i>o</i>-tol)Cl, obviating the use of the hazardous reagent AlMe<sub>3</sub> or air-sensitive Ni(COD)<sub>2</sub>. Ni(tmeda)(<i>o</i>-tol)Cl is prepared at room temperature from commercially available and easily synthesized precursor Ni(acac)<sub>2</sub> and can be isolated at gram scale in air via simple filtration. We expect this simple method to be attractive to chemical industry and academia given the types of solvents, reaction temperature, and reagents used.","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Practical and Efficient Approach to Scalable Synthesis of Rucaparib","authors":"Jinjae Park, and , Cheol-Hong Cheon*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.4c0036610.1021/acs.oprd.4c00366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00366https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00366","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A scalable synthesis of rucaparib was developed from methyl 5-fluoro-2-methyl-3-nitrobenzoate and 4-cyanobenzaldehyde. Methyl 5-fluoro-2-methyl-3-nitrobenzoate was converted into a 2-aminocinnamonitrile derivative, which was subjected to the imino-Stetter reaction with 4-cyanobenzaldehyde to yield trisubstituted indole-3-acetonitrile. The reduction of both nitriles, followed by azepinone scaffold construction and selective monomethylation, completed the synthesis of rucaparib. This synthetic route features the use of inexpensive starting materials, scalability, and ease of purification through recrystallization.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"28 12","pages":"4392–4399 4392–4399"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Practical and Efficient Approach to Scalable Synthesis of Rucaparib","authors":"Jinjae Park, Cheol-Hong Cheon","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00366","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00366","url":null,"abstract":"A scalable synthesis of rucaparib was developed from methyl 5-fluoro-2-methyl-3-nitrobenzoate and 4-cyanobenzaldehyde. Methyl 5-fluoro-2-methyl-3-nitrobenzoate was converted into a 2-aminocinnamonitrile derivative, which was subjected to the imino-Stetter reaction with 4-cyanobenzaldehyde to yield trisubstituted indole-3-acetonitrile. The reduction of both nitriles, followed by azepinone scaffold construction and selective monomethylation, completed the synthesis of rucaparib. This synthetic route features the use of inexpensive starting materials, scalability, and ease of purification through recrystallization.","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chemical and Biochemical Approaches to an Enantiomerically Pure 3,4-Disubstituted Tetrahydrofuran Derivative at a Multikilogram Scale: The Power of KRED","authors":"Antony Bigot, Alain Rabion, Jean-Bernard Landier, Geoffrey Laronze, Frédéric Petit, Stéphanie Deprets, Jean-Marc Michot, Changxia Yuan, Fenglai Sun, Han Chen, Longlei Hou, Dalin Tang","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00388","url":null,"abstract":"A scalable synthesis of (<i>3S,4S</i>)-4-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-ol involving a keto reductase-mediated enantio- and diastereoselective reduction of a racemic ketone substrate is reported. This chiral intermediate was initially produced using a low-yielding three-step synthesis from ketone, deemed not usable for future batches. Looking for a scalable and environmental process: an eco-design approach led to a one-step, highly enantio- and diastereoselective biocatalytic reduction of the ketone to the targeted intermediate (3<i>S</i>,4<i>S</i>)-4-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-ol. In addition, the reaction operates via dynamic kinetic resolution under unprecedented mild conditions of temperature and pH, allowing for a full conversion of the ketone substrate into the desired enantiomer. The new route led to a significant improvement of all the key performance indicators, including PMI, solvent, and waste.","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142637775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chemical and Biochemical Approaches to an Enantiomerically Pure 3,4-Disubstituted Tetrahydrofuran Derivative at a Multikilogram Scale: The Power of KRED","authors":"Antony Bigot*, Alain Rabion*, Jean-Bernard Landier, Geoffrey Laronze, Frédéric Petit, Stéphanie Deprets, Jean-Marc Michot, Changxia Yuan, Fenglai Sun, Han Chen, Longlei Hou and Dalin Tang, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.4c0038810.1021/acs.oprd.4c00388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00388https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00388","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A scalable synthesis of (<i>3S,4S</i>)-4-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-ol involving a keto reductase-mediated enantio- and diastereoselective reduction of a racemic ketone substrate is reported. This chiral intermediate was initially produced using a low-yielding three-step synthesis from ketone, deemed not usable for future batches. Looking for a scalable and environmental process: an eco-design approach led to a one-step, highly enantio- and diastereoselective biocatalytic reduction of the ketone to the targeted intermediate (3<i>S</i>,4<i>S</i>)-4-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-ol. In addition, the reaction operates via dynamic kinetic resolution under unprecedented mild conditions of temperature and pH, allowing for a full conversion of the ketone substrate into the desired enantiomer. The new route led to a significant improvement of all the key performance indicators, including PMI, solvent, and waste.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"28 12","pages":"4467–4476 4467–4476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristina García-Morales*, David Dave, Zeina Neouchy, Helen Pointon, Matthew J. Foulkes, Alice Page, Thomas O. Ronson and Robert J. Cox*,
{"title":"A Journey through Process Development Enhanced by Kinetic Modeling: An Efficient Manufacturing Route to Balcinrenone","authors":"Cristina García-Morales*, David Dave, Zeina Neouchy, Helen Pointon, Matthew J. Foulkes, Alice Page, Thomas O. Ronson and Robert J. Cox*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.4c0038710.1021/acs.oprd.4c00387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00387https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00387","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This work focuses on the accelerated development of a versatile process for synthesizing a key amide intermediate en route to the active pharmaceutical ingredient balcinrenone. The process development was facilitated by the implementation of predictive kinetic models at the early stages of development. The predictive kinetic models effectively guided and expedited route design, process design, and process optimization for both batch and continuous manufacturing of a telescoped asymmetric reduction/amidation process using methylamine in methanol. The implementation of the telescoped batch process led to significant enhancements in throughput, sustainability, and economic efficiency of the synthesis of balcinrenone, resulting in the successful manufacture of the key amide intermediate. Additionally, the utilization of a multilinear regression (MLR)-Kinetics hybrid model enabled the rapid development of an alternative process using methylamine in water, providing a contingency plan for manufacturing campaigns in the event of shortage of methylamine in methanol. In addition to the primary focus, this study expanded the application of kinetic modeling to guide process design and optimization for a second intermediate obtained via pH-controlled addition/cyclization, thereby enhancing understanding and throughput for this step. Finally, the use of a structured experimentation design involving initial kinetic studies led to the discovery of improved conditions for the final amide bond formation to produce balcinrenone.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"28 12","pages":"4455–4466 4455–4466"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristina García-Morales, David Dave, Zeina Neouchy, Helen Pointon, Matthew J. Foulkes, Alice Page, Thomas O. Ronson, Robert J. Cox
{"title":"A Journey through Process Development Enhanced by Kinetic Modeling: An Efficient Manufacturing Route to Balcinrenone","authors":"Cristina García-Morales, David Dave, Zeina Neouchy, Helen Pointon, Matthew J. Foulkes, Alice Page, Thomas O. Ronson, Robert J. Cox","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00387","url":null,"abstract":"This work focuses on the accelerated development of a versatile process for synthesizing a key amide intermediate en route to the active pharmaceutical ingredient balcinrenone. The process development was facilitated by the implementation of predictive kinetic models at the early stages of development. The predictive kinetic models effectively guided and expedited route design, process design, and process optimization for both batch and continuous manufacturing of a telescoped asymmetric reduction/amidation process using methylamine in methanol. The implementation of the telescoped batch process led to significant enhancements in throughput, sustainability, and economic efficiency of the synthesis of balcinrenone, resulting in the successful manufacture of the key amide intermediate. Additionally, the utilization of a multilinear regression (MLR)-Kinetics hybrid model enabled the rapid development of an alternative process using methylamine in water, providing a contingency plan for manufacturing campaigns in the event of shortage of methylamine in methanol. In addition to the primary focus, this study expanded the application of kinetic modeling to guide process design and optimization for a second intermediate obtained via pH-controlled addition/cyclization, thereby enhancing understanding and throughput for this step. Finally, the use of a structured experimentation design involving initial kinetic studies led to the discovery of improved conditions for the final amide bond formation to produce balcinrenone.","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142609845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinsheng Lin*, Xiaojian Zheng, Dan Li, Huacui Hou, Xinlei Chen, Jianyang Jin, Xianhua Zhang, Wenbin Chen and Min Li,
{"title":"Identification of a Novel Process Impurity, Root Cause Investigation, and Its Control Strategy in Process Chemistry of Nevirapine API","authors":"Jinsheng Lin*, Xiaojian Zheng, Dan Li, Huacui Hou, Xinlei Chen, Jianyang Jin, Xianhua Zhang, Wenbin Chen and Min Li, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.4c0037710.1021/acs.oprd.4c00377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00377https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00377","url":null,"abstract":"<p >An impurity eluting at RRT of 6.4 was observed during the HPLC testing of nevirapine (<b>1</b>) API for related substances. By using a strategy that combines LC-PDA/UV-MS<sup><i>n</i></sup> with NMR studies, the impurity was identified as 8-<i>n</i>-propyl nevirapine (<b>2</b>), a novel impurity that has not been reported in the literature. This impurity was sometime above 0.10% and difficult to be purged in the downstream of the existing manufacturing process of nevirapine, most likely due to its structural similarity to the API. Hence, this impurity should be controlled from the source of its generation in the process chemistry of nevirapine. During the early stage of the root cause investigation, two critical precursors to the impurity (<b>2</b>), (<i>E</i>)- and (<i>Z</i>)-<i>N</i>-propylidenecyclopropanamine (<b>10</b> and <b>10</b>′), were detected along with other relevant impurities, and based upon that, a probable formation mechanism of the impurity was proposed. In the late stage of the investigation, guided by the proposed mechanism, the process parameters of nevirapine manufacturing are optimized, under which the level of the impurity is reduced to 0.02% or below, while the yield of nevirapine is improved by 16%.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"28 12","pages":"4407–4419 4407–4419"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael S. Ashwood, Edward I. Balmond, David Fengas, Jane McGuffog, Jonathan Moore, Nicola M. Robas, Neil G. Stevenson, Lisa Wise
{"title":"Process Development for the Manufacture of a Topical Pan-Trk Inhibitor Incorporating Decarboxylative sp2–sp3 Cross-Coupling","authors":"Michael S. Ashwood, Edward I. Balmond, David Fengas, Jane McGuffog, Jonathan Moore, Nicola M. Robas, Neil G. Stevenson, Lisa Wise","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00325","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a synthetic route toward topical pan-Trk inhibitor <b>1</b> is described as an eight-stage synthesis from available starting materials. Process improvements include the development of a decarboxylative sp<sup>2</sup>–sp<sup>3</sup> cross-coupling which had not previously been demonstrated on scale. Parameters were explored, balancing the safety aspects with conversion and selectivity, scaling up in a stepwise fashion to multiple successful 0.7 kg batches. The cross-coupling showed high diastereoselectivity, with the opposite diastereomer not observed in the crude <sup>19</sup>F NMR. Selectivity was further improved by crystallizing the downstream pyrrolidine salt after Boc deprotection, to give a diastereomer ratio of 99.5:0.5 by UPLC. This route has been reproducibly demonstrated in two GMP campaigns delivering API on kilogram scale, in >98% area purity by HPLC. The route design, solid-form screening, process research, and manufacture have enabled crucial first-in-human (FIH) clinical studies, through focus on speed of delivery.","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}