Michael S. Ashwood, Edward I. Balmond, David Fengas, Jane McGuffog, Jonathan Moore, Nicola M. Robas, Neil G. Stevenson* and Lisa Wise,
{"title":"Process Development for the Manufacture of a Topical Pan-Trk Inhibitor Incorporating Decarboxylative sp2–sp3 Cross-Coupling","authors":"Michael S. Ashwood, Edward I. Balmond, David Fengas, Jane McGuffog, Jonathan Moore, Nicola M. Robas, Neil G. Stevenson* and Lisa Wise, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.4c0032510.1021/acs.oprd.4c00325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00325https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00325","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The development of a synthetic route toward topical pan-Trk inhibitor <b>1</b> is described as an eight-stage synthesis from available starting materials. Process improvements include the development of a decarboxylative sp<sup>2</sup>–sp<sup>3</sup> cross-coupling which had not previously been demonstrated on scale. Parameters were explored, balancing the safety aspects with conversion and selectivity, scaling up in a stepwise fashion to multiple successful 0.7 kg batches. The cross-coupling showed high diastereoselectivity, with the opposite diastereomer not observed in the crude <sup>19</sup>F NMR. Selectivity was further improved by crystallizing the downstream pyrrolidine salt after Boc deprotection, to give a diastereomer ratio of 99.5:0.5 by UPLC. This route has been reproducibly demonstrated in two GMP campaigns delivering API on kilogram scale, in >98% area purity by HPLC. The route design, solid-form screening, process research, and manufacture have enabled crucial first-in-human (FIH) clinical studies, through focus on speed of delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"28 12","pages":"4317–4327 4317–4327"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ágnes Malta-Lakó, Raquel M. Durão, László Poppe and Ricardo F. Mendonça*,
{"title":"Step-Economic Synthesis of Tamsulosin Hydrochloride via Continuous Chlorosulfonation and Biocatalytic Transamination","authors":"Ágnes Malta-Lakó, Raquel M. Durão, László Poppe and Ricardo F. Mendonça*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.4c0023610.1021/acs.oprd.4c00236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00236https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00236","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A new process was developed for the synthesis of (<i>R</i>)-tamsulosin in 4 chemical steps from readily available 4-methoxyphenylacetone using continuous chlorosulfonation and biocatalysis. Several conditions were tested for both batch and continuous chlorosulfonation of 4-methoxyphenylacetone. Continuous chlorosulfonation produced a white crystalline solid, while a brown solid or dark oil was consistently obtained when the reaction was performed in batch. Consequently, the sulfonamide intermediate was isolated as a white product in the continuous process, albeit in a slightly lower yield. Immobilized <i>Escherichia coli</i> whole cells overexpressing (<i>R</i>)-selective transaminases from <i>Arthrobacter</i> sp. (ArR-ATA and ArRmut-ATA, natural and engineered, respectively) and <i>Aspergillus terreus</i> (AtR-ATA), along with lyophilized amine transaminase (ATAs), were screened for the key asymmetric synthesis of the chiral amine intermediate. Under optimal conditions, conversions above 90% with >99% enantiomeric excess (ee) were achieved. Furthermore, for process intensification purposes, ATA-412 was covalently immobilized onto surface-activated mesoporous methacrylate beads, achieving quantitative immobilization yields. Immobilization and transamination were scaled up 30-fold, and the synthesized chiral amine intermediate was subjected to N-alkylation without isolation, yielding (<i>R</i>)-tamsulosin hydrochloride. Therefore, after scale-up, this synthesis shows a high potential to replace the current manufacturing process.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"28 12","pages":"4281–4293 4281–4293"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luigi Da Vià, Matthias Depoortere, Robert D. Willacy, Alastair J. Roberts, Pandian Sokkar, Mathieu Fossépré, Andrew Ruba, Magdalena A. Zwierzyna
{"title":"Enabling Data-Driven Solubility Modeling at GSK: Enhancing Purge Predictions for Mutagenic Impurities","authors":"Luigi Da Vià, Matthias Depoortere, Robert D. Willacy, Alastair J. Roberts, Pandian Sokkar, Mathieu Fossépré, Andrew Ruba, Magdalena A. Zwierzyna","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00384","url":null,"abstract":"In the pharmaceutical industry, solubility is a critical parameter influencing various stages of drug development, from early discovery to commercial manufacturing. This work showcases a high-throughput solubility screening workflow and describes the steps required to standardize and curate data suitably to allow automated data flow. Using the high-quality data, we developed a quantitative structure–property relationship model using gradient boosting and molecular descriptors, requiring only a 2D molecular structure to generate predictions. The accuracy of the model is competitive with alternative approaches where additional physical data is not required. A key use case for solubility predictions made in this way is in developing control strategies for mutagenic impurities, allowing for a data-driven and consistent method for calculating the solubility contribution to purge calculations. Further perspective is given on the future of the application of the model as a solubility prediction algorithm and on the approach to data-driven methodologies supporting drug development in general, highlighting the potential for federated learning approaches which use technological approaches to overcome the barrier to cross-industry data sharing.","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Luigi Da Vià, Matthias Depoortere*, Robert D. Willacy*, Alastair J. Roberts, Pandian Sokkar, Mathieu Fossépré, Andrew Ruba and Magdalena A. Zwierzyna,
{"title":"Enabling Data-Driven Solubility Modeling at GSK: Enhancing Purge Predictions for Mutagenic Impurities","authors":"Luigi Da Vià, Matthias Depoortere*, Robert D. Willacy*, Alastair J. Roberts, Pandian Sokkar, Mathieu Fossépré, Andrew Ruba and Magdalena A. Zwierzyna, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.4c0038410.1021/acs.oprd.4c00384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00384https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00384","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In the pharmaceutical industry, solubility is a critical parameter influencing various stages of drug development, from early discovery to commercial manufacturing. This work showcases a high-throughput solubility screening workflow and describes the steps required to standardize and curate data suitably to allow automated data flow. Using the high-quality data, we developed a quantitative structure–property relationship model using gradient boosting and molecular descriptors, requiring only a 2D molecular structure to generate predictions. The accuracy of the model is competitive with alternative approaches where additional physical data is not required. A key use case for solubility predictions made in this way is in developing control strategies for mutagenic impurities, allowing for a data-driven and consistent method for calculating the solubility contribution to purge calculations. Further perspective is given on the future of the application of the model as a solubility prediction algorithm and on the approach to data-driven methodologies supporting drug development in general, highlighting the potential for federated learning approaches which use technological approaches to overcome the barrier to cross-industry data sharing.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"28 12","pages":"4215–4224 4215–4224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Analysis of Published Synthetic Routes, Route Targets, and Reaction Types (2000–2020)","authors":"Samuel Genheden, Gareth P. Howell","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00389","url":null,"abstract":"Using a large data set (640k synthetic routes and 2.4m reactions) compiled from six popular journals between 2000 and 2020, trends are identified and discussed for topics including journal publishing rates, availability of machine-readable data, characteristics of synthetic route targets and starting materials (molecular weight, complexity, elemental composition, chirality, and ring systems), and the reaction classes utilized in these synthetic routes. We provide evidence of an ongoing shift away from large natural product or “total” syntheses among the academic data and a gradual increase in the size and complexity of industrial/medicinal target molecules. The reaction class analyses show key differences between the academic and industrial sectors and how a small number of reaction types have proliferated in the latter, giving rise to a possible lack of target diversity. Overall, there is evidence to support an ongoing increase in synthetic efficiency whereby, as a community, we are synthesizing larger, more-complex molecules from smaller, simpler starting materials, in fewer steps and with diminished reliance on nonproductive reaction types such as protecting group manipulations, redox reactions, and functional group interconversions.","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Analysis of Published Synthetic Routes, Route Targets, and Reaction Types (2000–2020)","authors":"Samuel Genheden, and , Gareth P. Howell*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.4c0038910.1021/acs.oprd.4c00389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00389https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00389","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Using a large data set (640k synthetic routes and 2.4m reactions) compiled from six popular journals between 2000 and 2020, trends are identified and discussed for topics including journal publishing rates, availability of machine-readable data, characteristics of synthetic route targets and starting materials (molecular weight, complexity, elemental composition, chirality, and ring systems), and the reaction classes utilized in these synthetic routes. We provide evidence of an ongoing shift away from large natural product or “total” syntheses among the academic data and a gradual increase in the size and complexity of industrial/medicinal target molecules. The reaction class analyses show key differences between the academic and industrial sectors and how a small number of reaction types have proliferated in the latter, giving rise to a possible lack of target diversity. Overall, there is evidence to support an ongoing increase in synthetic efficiency whereby, as a community, we are synthesizing larger, more-complex molecules from smaller, simpler starting materials, in fewer steps and with diminished reliance on nonproductive reaction types such as protecting group manipulations, redox reactions, and functional group interconversions.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"28 12","pages":"4225–4239 4225–4239"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142862480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ágnes Malta-Lakó, Raquel M. Durão, László Poppe, Ricardo F. Mendonça
{"title":"Step-Economic Synthesis of Tamsulosin Hydrochloride via Continuous Chlorosulfonation and Biocatalytic Transamination","authors":"Ágnes Malta-Lakó, Raquel M. Durão, László Poppe, Ricardo F. Mendonça","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00236","url":null,"abstract":"A new process was developed for the synthesis of (<i>R</i>)-tamsulosin in 4 chemical steps from readily available 4-methoxyphenylacetone using continuous chlorosulfonation and biocatalysis. Several conditions were tested for both batch and continuous chlorosulfonation of 4-methoxyphenylacetone. Continuous chlorosulfonation produced a white crystalline solid, while a brown solid or dark oil was consistently obtained when the reaction was performed in batch. Consequently, the sulfonamide intermediate was isolated as a white product in the continuous process, albeit in a slightly lower yield. Immobilized <i>Escherichia coli</i> whole cells overexpressing (<i>R</i>)-selective transaminases from <i>Arthrobacter</i> sp. (ArR-ATA and ArRmut-ATA, natural and engineered, respectively) and <i>Aspergillus terreus</i> (AtR-ATA), along with lyophilized amine transaminase (ATAs), were screened for the key asymmetric synthesis of the chiral amine intermediate. Under optimal conditions, conversions above 90% with >99% enantiomeric excess (ee) were achieved. Furthermore, for process intensification purposes, ATA-412 was covalently immobilized onto surface-activated mesoporous methacrylate beads, achieving quantitative immobilization yields. Immobilization and transamination were scaled up 30-fold, and the synthesized chiral amine intermediate was subjected to N-alkylation without isolation, yielding (<i>R</i>)-tamsulosin hydrochloride. Therefore, after scale-up, this synthesis shows a high potential to replace the current manufacturing process.","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142599189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christophe Allais, Aaron F. Baldwin*, Hugh J. Clarke, Christina G. Connor, Michael Coutant, Cindy Duong, Michael Herr, Chintelle James, Maciej Kalinowski, Johnny W. Lee, Yizhou Liu, Jared L. Piper, John A. Ragan, John J. Salisbury, R. Matthew Weekly, Shu Yu and Mengtan Zhang,
{"title":"Building and Evolving a Chiral Control Strategy for Accelerated COVID Programs","authors":"Christophe Allais, Aaron F. Baldwin*, Hugh J. Clarke, Christina G. Connor, Michael Coutant, Cindy Duong, Michael Herr, Chintelle James, Maciej Kalinowski, Johnny W. Lee, Yizhou Liu, Jared L. Piper, John A. Ragan, John J. Salisbury, R. Matthew Weekly, Shu Yu and Mengtan Zhang, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.4c0039210.1021/acs.oprd.4c00392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00392https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00392","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The development of nirmatrelvir <b>1</b> (the active agent in PAXLOVID) was undertaken using a “lightspeed” paradigm to develop an oral antiviral treatment for SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). This paper describes our chiral control strategy to deliver high-quality drug substances from first in human studies to an ICH Q3A aligned commercial filing over a period of 17 months. We illustrate our approach to modeling, targeted synthetic efforts, and analytical method development to measure the only two observed stereoisomers instead of the potential 63 in the final drug substance. This paper also provides an overview of how we employed the knowledge gained on chiral control from nirmatrelvir and applied it to our second-generation oral inhibitor, ibuzatrelvir <b>2</b>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"28 12","pages":"4444–4454 4444–4454"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rajarathnam E. Reddy, David M. Barnes, Adam P. Schellinger, Travis B. Dunn, Lawrence Kolaczkowski, Wayne A. Pritts, Yao-En David Li, Samrat Mukherjee, Andrew Staley
{"title":"Veliparib: Analytical Tools and Process Design Strategies for the Control of Mutagenic Impurities and Other Drug Substance Critical Quality Attributes","authors":"Rajarathnam E. Reddy, David M. Barnes, Adam P. Schellinger, Travis B. Dunn, Lawrence Kolaczkowski, Wayne A. Pritts, Yao-En David Li, Samrat Mukherjee, Andrew Staley","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00328","url":null,"abstract":"(<i>R</i>)-Veliparib (ABT-888) is a poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) inhibitor that is being investigated for the treatment of a broad spectrum of oncology indications, including BRCA1/2-mutated breast cancer and other solid tumors. The (<i>R</i>)-veliparib process consists of three stages utilizing two proposed regulatory starting materials, (<i>R</i>)-Boc-2-methylproline and 2,3-diaminobenzamide dihydrochloride, with two isolated intermediates. The drug substance control strategy, which was established based on a combination of analytical tools and uniquely designed manufacturing process and unit operations, provides robust controls for mutagenic and other impurities and ensures that (<i>R</i>)-veliparib drug substance consistently meets all critical quality attributes (CQAs) and acceptance criteria. The purpose of this article is to provide details of how the (<i>R</i>)-veliparib control strategy for the selected CQAs was cross-functionally developed using analytical measurement tools and specially designed unit operations.","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142596788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David J. Bernhardson, Sarai Lara-Boykin, James Christopher McWilliams, Yexenia Nieves-Quinones, Liam S. Sharninghausen, Robert A. Singer, Zheng Wang and Zebediah C. Girvin*,
{"title":"Asymmetric Synthesis of the cis-1,2-Diaryltetralin Vepdegestrant Core via an Enantioselective Intramolecular Corey-Chaykovsky Epoxidation","authors":"David J. Bernhardson, Sarai Lara-Boykin, James Christopher McWilliams, Yexenia Nieves-Quinones, Liam S. Sharninghausen, Robert A. Singer, Zheng Wang and Zebediah C. Girvin*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.4c0037910.1021/acs.oprd.4c00379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00379https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00379","url":null,"abstract":"<p >An asymmetric synthesis of cis-1,2-diaryltetralin (<b>2</b>), a key chiral intermediate in the synthesis of Vepdegestrant (<b>1</b>), an orally available PROTAC being evaluated for the treatment of ER+/HER2- breast cancer, is reported. Chirality is initially introduced via a catalytic enantioselective intramolecular Corey-Chaykovsky epoxidation utilizing isothiocineole, a chiral sulfide. Although several asymmetric intermolecular epoxidations using chiral sulfides have been reported, our approach represents a unique intramolecular variant. The subsequent introduction of the cis-1,2-diaryl motif is achieved via diastereoselective hydrogenation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"28 12","pages":"4420–4430 4420–4430"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142867902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}