Organic Process Research & Development最新文献

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Review of the Patent and Journal Literature: Synthesis and Final Forms of Antifungal Prodrug Isavuconazonium Sulfate 专利和期刊文献综述:抗真菌前药硫酸异武唑铵的合成和最终形态
IF 3.5 3区 化学
Organic Process Research & Development Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00129
Shuming Wu, Biyue Lin, Shouzhu Liao and Zhongqing Wang*, 
{"title":"Review of the Patent and Journal Literature: Synthesis and Final Forms of Antifungal Prodrug Isavuconazonium Sulfate","authors":"Shuming Wu,&nbsp;Biyue Lin,&nbsp;Shouzhu Liao and Zhongqing Wang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00129","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This review provides a comprehensive summary of the synthesis of the second-generation antifungal agent isavuconazole, its water-soluble prodrug, isavuconazonium, and the prodrug side chain. Establishing contiguous stereocenters and forming the thiazole ring pose the most significant challenges in the synthesis of isavuconazole. Current approaches have faced difficulties in balancing effectiveness and scalability. Additionally, the instability of isavuconazonium, incomplete salt form transformation, and requirement for lyophilization greatly limit the large-scale production of isavuconazonium sulfate. Through this review, we hope to inspire future developments that could potentially address these issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"29 7","pages":"1635–1653"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144808979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Streamlined Isolation of Magnesium Aryl Sulfinate Enabled by the Hydration of Sulfinate Salt to Magnesium Tetrahydrate 亚硫酸盐水化制备四水合镁的流线型分离
IF 3.5 3区 化学
Organic Process Research & Development Pub Date : 2025-06-28 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00538
Heng Chen*, Aaron C. Spahr, Alan J. Shaffer, Rebecca J. W. Beck and Todd W. Koretke, 
{"title":"Streamlined Isolation of Magnesium Aryl Sulfinate Enabled by the Hydration of Sulfinate Salt to Magnesium Tetrahydrate","authors":"Heng Chen*,&nbsp;Aaron C. Spahr,&nbsp;Alan J. Shaffer,&nbsp;Rebecca J. W. Beck and Todd W. Koretke,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00538","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A streamlined isolation of a magnesium aryl sulfinate tetrahydrate salt was enabled by the interplay of hydration and solubility. We discovered that the addition of a small amount of water at the end of the reaction between arylmagnesium bromide and 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane sulfur dioxide (DABSO) led to precipitation of a bench-stable magnesium aryl sulfinate salt in its tetrahydrate form. Our isolation protocol simplified the overall unit operations by evading aqueous workup and distillation, which was required in the isolation of the sodium sulfinate counterpart. Furthermore, this new process reduced the process mass intensity (PMI) by 3-fold and produced up to 2.32 kg of a magnesium aryl sulfinate tetrahydrate salt en route to an ERAP1 (endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1) drug candidate.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"29 7","pages":"1685–1693"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144809020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scalable Synthesis of Lunresertib, a Selective PKMYT1 Inhibitor 选择性PKMYT1抑制剂Lunresertib的规模化合成
IF 3.5 3区 化学
Organic Process Research & Development Pub Date : 2025-06-27 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00493
Dansu Li*, Song Xue, Jill A. Caputo, Sarah M. Pound, Yuly Chiang Yu, Peng Yang, Quanfang Hu, John Kremers, Hong Zhao, Zhengping Xiong, Xiaolan Yang, Robert Livingston and Angelos Dovletoglou, 
{"title":"Scalable Synthesis of Lunresertib, a Selective PKMYT1 Inhibitor","authors":"Dansu Li*,&nbsp;Song Xue,&nbsp;Jill A. Caputo,&nbsp;Sarah M. Pound,&nbsp;Yuly Chiang Yu,&nbsp;Peng Yang,&nbsp;Quanfang Hu,&nbsp;John Kremers,&nbsp;Hong Zhao,&nbsp;Zhengping Xiong,&nbsp;Xiaolan Yang,&nbsp;Robert Livingston and Angelos Dovletoglou,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00493","url":null,"abstract":"<p >PKMYT1 is a regulator of CDK1 phosphorylation and is a compelling therapeutic target for the treatment of certain types of DNA damage response cancers due to its established synthetic lethal relationship with CCNE1 amplification. Lunresertib is the first PKMYT1 inhibitor to enter clinical trials for the treatment of various solid tumors. We hereby describe the process development of an efficient, robust, and scalable synthetic route that allows the rapid production of large quantities of lunresertib drug substance (RP-6306). The synthesis features two Pd-mediated couplings, a novel chiral resolution of atropisomers, a one-pot hydration/demethylation sequence, and a recrystallization that upgrades enantiomeric purity. Screening and optimization of the resolution and reactions and control of impurities are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"29 7","pages":"1677–1684"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144808678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of 3-Bromo/Methylsulfonyl-dl-Phenylalanine Ethyl Ester in Miniemulsions: A Key Intermediate for Lifitegrast (Xiidra) Synthesis 微乳中3-溴/甲基磺酰-dl-苯丙氨酸乙酯的酶动力学分解:lifitgrast (Xiidra)合成的关键中间体
IF 3.5 3区 化学
Organic Process Research & Development Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00009
Aayushi Ashish Navre, Yogeswari Sudhakar, Manthani Shiva Kumar, Sagar Chandrakant Dalsaniya, P. S. Akhila, Gangarajula Sudhakar, Gurrala Sheelu, Subhash Ghosh and Thenkrishnan Kumaraguru*, 
{"title":"Enzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of 3-Bromo/Methylsulfonyl-dl-Phenylalanine Ethyl Ester in Miniemulsions: A Key Intermediate for Lifitegrast (Xiidra) Synthesis","authors":"Aayushi Ashish Navre,&nbsp;Yogeswari Sudhakar,&nbsp;Manthani Shiva Kumar,&nbsp;Sagar Chandrakant Dalsaniya,&nbsp;P. S. Akhila,&nbsp;Gangarajula Sudhakar,&nbsp;Gurrala Sheelu,&nbsp;Subhash Ghosh and Thenkrishnan Kumaraguru*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00009","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A scalable enzymatic process has been developed for the preparation of optically pure 3-bromo- or 3-methylsulfonyl-substituted <span>l</span>-phenylalanine (<i>S</i>)-<b>1a–b</b>, which serves as key intermediates in the synthesis of lifitegrast. This method utilizes enzymatic dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of the ethyl esters of racemic 3-bromo- or 3-methylsulfonyl-substituted <span>dl</span>-phenylalanine esters (<i>rac</i>-<b>8a–b</b>), catalyzed by the commercially available protease enzyme Alcalase. The reaction was carried out in a miniemulsion system that acts as a nanoreactor with high substrate loading (50% w/v). Notably, the process was completed within 24 h using less than 10% (w/w) of the enzyme. The desired optically pure (<i>S</i>)-isomer was obtained with &gt;90% isolated yield and &gt;99% enantiomeric excess (<i>e.e</i>.) under these conditions. Furthermore, the solvent system, along with the surfactant and enzyme, was successfully recycled, highlighting the sustainability and cost-efficiency of the process.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"29 7","pages":"1694–1702"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144808612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polymorph and Salt/Cocrystal Screening to Identify a Suitable Physical Form for an LPAR1 Antagonist, GS-2278 LPAR1拮抗剂GS-2278的多晶和盐/共晶筛选
IF 3.5 3区 化学
Organic Process Research & Development Pub Date : 2025-06-25 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00065
Henry Morrison*, Kathy Dao, Dane Holte, Nathaniel Kadunce and Anna M. Wagner, 
{"title":"Polymorph and Salt/Cocrystal Screening to Identify a Suitable Physical Form for an LPAR1 Antagonist, GS-2278","authors":"Henry Morrison*,&nbsp;Kathy Dao,&nbsp;Dane Holte,&nbsp;Nathaniel Kadunce and Anna M. Wagner,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00065","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00065","url":null,"abstract":"<p >GS-2278 (<b>1</b>), a novel freebase lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 (LPAR1) antagonist, was selected as a development candidate for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Investigations on this active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) resulted in the discovery of 15 crystalline forms, of which the unsolvated form <b>1-A</b> was initially selected as the development form over the hemihydrate <b>1-1/2H</b><sub><b>2</b></sub><b>O</b> due to superior physical properties, including its unsolvated nature, simple thermal profile, and hygroscopicity profile. However, due to low solubility in simulated physiological fluids (∼10 μg/mL) and poor pharmacokinetics (30× lower than a nonprecipitating solution), investigations into acidic salts and cocrystals (∼50 coformers) were conducted to identify an acceptable physical form for long-term development. While no crystalline cocrystals were identified, several crystalline salts were identified, including an HCl salt, of which the dihydrate (<b>1-HCl 2H</b><sub><b>2</b></sub><b>O</b>) was extensively characterized to mitigate potential challenges of its hydrated status. Ultimately, it was found to be nonhygroscopic, to have an acceptable pharmacokinetics profile (comparable to the nonprecipitating solution), robustness toward milling, compression, and drying, as well as physical/chemical stability in the drug product tablet. Because of this, a process was designed whereby <b>1-A</b> and <b>1-HCl 2H</b><sub><b>2</b></sub><b>O</b> were selected as the penultimate and drug substance forms, respectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"29 7","pages":"1727–1739"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144479359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Insights into the Oxidation Mechanism and Kinetics of Dimethyl Sulfoxide by Peroxymonosulfate 过氧单硫酸盐氧化二甲亚砜的机理及动力学研究
IF 3.5 3区 化学
Organic Process Research & Development Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00115
Xingyu Shao, Wei Feng, Wenqian Wu, Zichao Guo*, Liping Chen and Wanghua Chen, 
{"title":"Insights into the Oxidation Mechanism and Kinetics of Dimethyl Sulfoxide by Peroxymonosulfate","authors":"Xingyu Shao,&nbsp;Wei Feng,&nbsp;Wenqian Wu,&nbsp;Zichao Guo*,&nbsp;Liping Chen and Wanghua Chen,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00115","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00115","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Dimethyl sulfone (DMSO<sub>2</sub>) plays a crucial role in human health, particularly in collagen synthesis, owing to its significant biochemical functions. Although traditional oxidation methods are effective, they present significant environmental and operational challenges that hinder their widespread application. This study systematically investigated the reaction kinetics and mechanistic pathway of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) oxidation catalyzed by peroxymonosulfate (PMS) under low-temperature (0–20 °C) and nonactivated catalytic conditions. A comprehensive oxidation kinetic model was developed, and all kinetic parameters were meticulously determined. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirmed that the nucleophilic attack by the O–O bond in PMS on the sulfur atom of DMSO facilitates the oxidation process. Experimental and DFT-derived activation energies for the oxidation reaction were measured at 64.33 and 65.54 kJ/mol, respectively. These findings elucidate the potential mechanism of PMS-mediated oxidation of DMSO and offer a reliable reference for the safe production of DMSO<sub>2</sub>.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"29 7","pages":"1766–1774"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144371257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Accurate and Scalable Prediction of a Fast and Highly Exothermic Nonlinear Reaction System: Reaction Development Using Coupled Simulation of a Mechanism-Oriented Kinetic Model and a Customized Heat Removal Model 一个快速和高度放热的非线性反应系统的准确和可扩展的预测:反应发展使用耦合模拟面向机理的动力学模型和定制的热量去除模型
IF 3.5 3区 化学
Organic Process Research & Development Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00107
Yuya Orito*, 
{"title":"Accurate and Scalable Prediction of a Fast and Highly Exothermic Nonlinear Reaction System: Reaction Development Using Coupled Simulation of a Mechanism-Oriented Kinetic Model and a Customized Heat Removal Model","authors":"Yuya Orito*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00107","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00107","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A precise reaction prediction method by coupled simulations of a reaction kinetic model and a heat removal model is demonstrated, incorporating the development of the selective monobenzylation of unprotected aniline as a model reaction. To enhance the accuracy of the technique, the extrapolatable kinetic model is built based on a detailed understanding of the reaction mechanism of a nonlinear reaction system including equilibria before the rate-determining step (rds), and the heat removal model is carefully adjusted for small reaction vessels by combining the heat transfer coefficient and the heat inertia caused by the reactor system setup. The simulation showed high accuracy prediction in temperature trend within ± 2 K to experimentally measured values as well as for chemical yield of the reaction. This systematic approach will lead to useful methodology to evaluate the accuracy of coupled process simulations involving reaction models and also runaway risk prior to scale-up, especially for fast and highly exothermic reactions that raise safety concerns in industrial chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"29 7","pages":"1757–1765"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144370760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
GreenScore: A User-Friendly Tool for Assessing the Sustainability of Chemical Processes 绿色评分:一个评估化学过程可持续性的用户友好工具
IF 3.5 3区 化学
Organic Process Research & Development Pub Date : 2025-06-22 DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00047
Frédéric Pin*, Julien Picard* and Sylvie Dhulut*, 
{"title":"GreenScore: A User-Friendly Tool for Assessing the Sustainability of Chemical Processes","authors":"Frédéric Pin*,&nbsp;Julien Picard* and Sylvie Dhulut*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00047","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00047","url":null,"abstract":"<p >As the demand for more sustainable active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) grows, tools are needed to evaluate the environmental impacts of chemical processes. Herein, we describe the development of our internal tool, GreenScore, and the rationale behind the selection of metrics used to generate the most relevant score for a given chemical step. After a first version combining classical metrics based on the 12 principles of green chemistry, we worked with life cycle assessment experts from Quantis to fine-tune it, integrating the carbon footprint and the impact on biodiversity within the process evaluation. To support sustainability-driven process development, we introduce the GreenCard, a one-page summary that provides a clear overview of the sustainability of an entire synthesis and highlights areas for further improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"29 7","pages":"1715–1726"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144341371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
IF 3.1 3区 化学
Eugene Chong*, Ruoshi Li, Weitong Dong, Maxim Chevliakov, Thomas G. Tampone, Yongda Zhang, Bo Qu, Nizar Haddad, Jon C. Lorenz, Max Sarvestani, Thuraya Omar, Huayu Li, Joe J. Gao, Donghong A. Gao, Scott Pennino, Ling Wu, Earl Spinelli, Steven Yao, Heewon Lee, Frederic Buono, Jinhua J. Song and Birgit Wilding, 
{"title":"","authors":"Eugene Chong*,&nbsp;Ruoshi Li,&nbsp;Weitong Dong,&nbsp;Maxim Chevliakov,&nbsp;Thomas G. Tampone,&nbsp;Yongda Zhang,&nbsp;Bo Qu,&nbsp;Nizar Haddad,&nbsp;Jon C. Lorenz,&nbsp;Max Sarvestani,&nbsp;Thuraya Omar,&nbsp;Huayu Li,&nbsp;Joe J. Gao,&nbsp;Donghong A. Gao,&nbsp;Scott Pennino,&nbsp;Ling Wu,&nbsp;Earl Spinelli,&nbsp;Steven Yao,&nbsp;Heewon Lee,&nbsp;Frederic Buono,&nbsp;Jinhua J. Song and Birgit Wilding,&nbsp;","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"29 6","pages":"XXX-XXX XXX-XXX"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144427978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
IF 3.1 3区 化学
Ronan Kelly, Catalina Parga and Steven Ferguson*, 
{"title":"","authors":"Ronan Kelly,&nbsp;Catalina Parga and Steven Ferguson*,&nbsp;","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"29 6","pages":"XXX-XXX XXX-XXX"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00117","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144427998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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