Qiang Yang*, Derek R. Starkey, Jingfan Yang, Radhe K. Vaid, Peng-Kai Kao, Charles B. Held, Mark D. Argentine, Derek Berglund, Alison Campbell Brewer, Jonas Y. Buser, Kayla L. Mathews, Ping Huang, Mo Jia, Peng Liu, Jing Chen and Fangyun Yang,
{"title":"Development of a Manufacturing Process for a Key (S)-5-(2,2-Dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1H-indole Intermediate for Orforglipron. Part III. Development of a Telescoped Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Alkylation and Cyclopropanation Process","authors":"Qiang Yang*, Derek R. Starkey, Jingfan Yang, Radhe K. Vaid, Peng-Kai Kao, Charles B. Held, Mark D. Argentine, Derek Berglund, Alison Campbell Brewer, Jonas Y. Buser, Kayla L. Mathews, Ping Huang, Mo Jia, Peng Liu, Jing Chen and Fangyun Yang, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00185","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A scalable 8-step route for a key (<i>S</i>)-5-(2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2<i>H</i>-pyran-4-yl)-1<i>H</i>-indole intermediate for orforglipron was developed to support clinical trials. Highlights of process development results in this contribution include the following: (1) approximately 50% reduction of a key des-carbonyl impurity in the reductive removal of the Evans auxiliary by the introduction of MgCl<sub>2</sub> as a chelating agent for the reduction with LiBH<sub>4</sub>, (2) a telescoped process for PTC alkylation with chloroacetonitrile and subsequent cyclopropyl ring formation with an asymmetric cyclic sulfate avoiding the problematic isolation of the alkylation product, and (3) significantly improved isolated yield and stereoselectivity of the cyclopropyl ring formation by replacing KHMDS with LiO<i>t</i>-Bu as the base for the reaction. The developed process was successfully scaled up to >400 kg scale for each step to deliver a high-quality product in an overall yield of 22%, demonstrating the robustness of the optimized process.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"29 8","pages":"2018–2029"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Expedient Approach for the Synthesis of TAM and MET Receptor Kinase Inhibitor’s Core (R)-2-((4-(4-Amino-2-fluorophenoxy)-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)amino)propan-1-ol","authors":"Xingyong Zhu*, Bairong Liu, Biao Li, Shovan Mondal and Sudarshan Debnath*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00219","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A scalable synthetic route to the kinase inhibitor's core (<i>R</i>)-2-((4-(4-amino-2-fluorophenoxy)-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1<i>H</i>-pyrazolo[3,4-<i>b</i>]pyridin-3-yl)amino)propan-1-ol targeting TAM and MET kinases is presented. A selective nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S<sub><i>N</i></sub>Ar) reaction was developed as the key transformation along with a Cu-catalyzed C–N coupling reaction. This route comprises fewer steps (four steps) compared to the six-step sequence previously reported in the literature, delivering significantly improved overall yield.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"29 8","pages":"2116–2123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiang Yang*, Derek R. Starkey, Radhe K. Vaid, Xavier Ortiz-Medina, Charles B. Held, Mark D. Argentine, Derek Berglund, Molly Hess, Alison Campbell Brewer, Kayla L. Mathews, Ping Huang, Mo Jia, Peng Liu, Jing Chen, Chaoyi Deng and Fangyun Yang,
{"title":"Development of a Manufacturing Process for a Key (S)-5-(2,2-Dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)-1H-indole Intermediate for Orforglipron. Part II. Development of a CSTR Process for Evans Auxiliary-Assisted Asymmetric 1,4-Addition","authors":"Qiang Yang*, Derek R. Starkey, Radhe K. Vaid, Xavier Ortiz-Medina, Charles B. Held, Mark D. Argentine, Derek Berglund, Molly Hess, Alison Campbell Brewer, Kayla L. Mathews, Ping Huang, Mo Jia, Peng Liu, Jing Chen, Chaoyi Deng and Fangyun Yang, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00184","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A scalable 8-step route incorporating Evans auxiliary-assisted asymmetric 1,4-addition was developed for a key <i>(S)</i>-5-(2,2-dimethyltetrahydro-2<i>H</i>-pyran-4-yl)-1<i>H</i>-indole intermediate of orforglipron. The main challenges of the batch process included the copper complex’s stability, the high exothermicity of the reaction, and the control of a key diastereomeric impurity. These challenges were addressed by developing a CSTR process to prepare the copper complex, enabling “on-demand” preparation and improved heat transfer to control the reaction temperature. A simple slurry purification was devised to isolate a metastable polymorph that effectively reduced the diastereomeric impurity to acceptable levels. The optimized process was successfully scaled up to >400 kg, demonstrating its robustness.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"29 8","pages":"2005–2017"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takashi Imada*, Chiho Fukiage and Mitsuyoshi Azuma,
{"title":"Discovery of Oxazole Byproduct Formation in the Modified Dakin–West Reaction and Efficient Synthesis of Diastereomeric α-Ketoamide Cysteine Protease Inhibitors","authors":"Takashi Imada*, Chiho Fukiage and Mitsuyoshi Azuma, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.4c00512","url":null,"abstract":"<p >α-Ketoamide derivatives are the most widely used chemical class of cysteine protease inhibitors. α-Ketoamide cysteine protease inhibitors have typically been developed as diastereomeric mixtures because the electrophilic carbonyl group adjacent to the chiral center, a common feature of α-ketoamide derivatives, causes epimerization. However, owing to several low-yielding steps in the diastereomeric synthetic route of α-ketoamides, these inhibitors, particularly calpain inhibitors, are typically synthesized via the single-enantiomer synthetic route using a <span>dl</span>-amino acid. Herein, we report the formation of oxazole byproducts during the modified Dakin–West reaction and the subsequent amidation reaction. Furthermore, we successfully synthesized a diastereomeric mixture of α-ketoamide cysteine protease inhibitors, reducing oxazole byproducts by optimizing the solvent selection in the modified Dakin–West reaction and the reaction conditions of the subsequent amidation reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"29 8","pages":"2030–2039"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jean-Francois Giffard, Sylvain Lemaitre, François Bariere, Anthony Craquelin, Christophe Hardouin, Chloé Copin* and Alexandre Jean*,
{"title":"Full Oxidation of an α-Arylated Isochromane: Development of a Two-Step Sequence as an Alternative to the Carcinogenic Jones Reagent and Application to the Manufacturing Process of Servier Phase II Clinical Candidate S44819","authors":"Jean-Francois Giffard, Sylvain Lemaitre, François Bariere, Anthony Craquelin, Christophe Hardouin, Chloé Copin* and Alexandre Jean*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00193","url":null,"abstract":"<p >An original two-step sequence allowing the full oxidation of an α-arylated isochromane is described. This method has been safely implemented to manufacture diketone <b>2</b> at the kg scale, a key intermediate in the manufacturing route of a phase II post stroke Servier clinical candidate <b>S44819</b>. This second-generation synthesis showcased better safety, replicability, and sustainability compared to the first-generation synthesis using an excess amount of Jones reagent. Further functionalization of <b>2</b> by cyclodehydration and condensation with hydrazine is also demonstrated, allowing the manufacture of clinical candidate <b>S44819</b> at the kg scale.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"29 8","pages":"2086–2096"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"α-Bromination of Aldehydes by Continuous Flow Chemistry and Its Application to the Flow Synthesis of 2-Aminothiazoles","authors":"Yong Lu, Zilong Yan, Yu Jiang, Haibing He, Jian Zhou, Shuanhu Gao and Dong Xing*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00076","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A continuous flow protocol for the α-bromination of aldehydes with bromine is reported, demonstrating significantly improved reaction efficiency and superior mono/dibromination selectivity compared to conventional batch methods. A wide range of aldehydes, including both aryl-substituted and simple aliphatic aldehydes, exhibited excellent reactivity and selectivity under optimized flow conditions. Utilizing this α-bromination flow strategy, a two-step flow synthesis of 2-aminothiazoles, a core structural motif present in many biologically active molecules, was successfully developed, starting from aldehydes. Furthermore, by integrating the α-bromination, 2-aminothiazole formation, and subsequent condensation, a three-step flow process was established for the synthesis of a 2-aminothiazole-containing Hep3B inhibitor. This study highlights the potential of continuous flow chemistry in both bromination reactions and the downstream multistep synthesis of complex bioactive molecules.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"29 8","pages":"2047–2055"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Keisuke Suzuki*, Tomokazu Ogura*, Masaki Hayashi and Tsuyoshi Ueda,
{"title":"Establishment of a Simple and Efficient Screening Protocol for Optical Resolution by Diastereomeric Salt Crystallization: Analyzing Success-Related Factors and Constructing Reliable Procedures from Previous Studies","authors":"Keisuke Suzuki*, Tomokazu Ogura*, Masaki Hayashi and Tsuyoshi Ueda, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00201","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This paper presents a simple and efficient screening protocol for optical resolution by diastereomeric salt crystallization, developed from an analysis of our historical data. Original screening kits have been created utilizing selected commercially available chiral acids and bases, which encompass all reagents that have demonstrated promising results in the diastereomeric salt crystallization of 30 intermediates examined in our laboratories. The influence of various conditions such as crystallization solvents, the equivalents of the resolving agent, additives, and temperature was analyzed to establish clear procedures for the first screening experiments. The advantages of this procedure include its simplicity, accessibility, and high likelihood of success supported by historical achievements, as demonstrated in the optical resolution of the PTDSS1 inhibitor’s intermediate. Overall, this research offers valuable insights into the techniques of diastereomeric salt crystallization and contributes to the efficient acquisition of chiral compounds and advancement of process chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"29 8","pages":"2097–2106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Rajabiyan*, Danial Bakhshi and Seyed Abolfazl Hosseini,
{"title":"A Methodological Review of Extraction, Purification, and Identification Techniques for Natural Bioactive Compounds","authors":"Ali Rajabiyan*, Danial Bakhshi and Seyed Abolfazl Hosseini, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00080","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Natural resources, both land and sea, contain many bioactive compounds. Today, these compounds have attracted the attention of many researchers due to their many therapeutic, medical, and other industrial applications. Due to their important health effects, extracting, purifying, and identifying the properties and structural descriptions of natural compounds show great attention in their analytical science. A crucial initial step in generating high-quality research results is preparing medicinal plants for testing. Prior to performing the intended biological test, biologically active chemicals must be extracted, purified, and their concentration and purity determined. Examples of popular extraction methods include percolation, Soxhlet, maceration, ultrasonic, enzymatic, and microwave extraction. On the other hand, the separation and purification of herbal substances is accomplished using numerous very efficient chromatography methods, including thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography, and liquid chromatography. Ultimately, the resulting compounds are characterized using a range of identification techniques, like nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Here we review and provide an invaluable tool for researchers, business leaders, and legislators seeking to use natural bioactive chemicals to promote human health and environmental sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"29 8","pages":"1885–1915"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vincent Porte*, Philipp Hirschle*, Kilian Frank, Luca Hepp, Philipp Kollmus, Eloisa Serrano, Christian Ziegler*, Roland Heinrich, Simon Seebacher, Christoph Weiss, James M. Fordham and Marco Santagostino*,
{"title":"Expeditious and Automated Dispensing of ChemBeads for High-Throughput Experimentation in 384-Well Microtiter Plates","authors":"Vincent Porte*, Philipp Hirschle*, Kilian Frank, Luca Hepp, Philipp Kollmus, Eloisa Serrano, Christian Ziegler*, Roland Heinrich, Simon Seebacher, Christoph Weiss, James M. Fordham and Marco Santagostino*, ","doi":"10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00232","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A unique automated dispensing robot to dose chemical-coated beads in microtiter plates (MTPs) at unprecedented speed is reported. With its novel dosing head design, ChemBeads can be reliably dosed volumetrically into 96- and 384-well MTPs. The platform features an intuitive graphical user interface, rendering the dosing protocol easy and flexible while ensuring traceability. This technology eliminates the need for multiple precatalyst/ligand stock solutions and overcomes the time constraint typically associated with automated gravimetric solid dosing. We also introduce a general workflow for performing metal-catalyzed reactions in 384-well glass MTPs under demanding conditions. The streamlined process was validated with a challenging C–N cross coupling reaction, conducted at elevated temperatures under heterogeneous conditions and using solvents rarely utilized in ultrahigh-throughput experimentation.</p>","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"29 8","pages":"2124–2131"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144840559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"","authors":"Yuya Orito*, ","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55,"journal":{"name":"Organic Process Research & Development","volume":"29 7","pages":"XXX-XXX XXX-XXX"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.oprd.5c00107","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144646243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}