Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada最新文献

{"title":"The History of Black People in Canada and the Intersection of Policies on Their Settlement","authors":"Jordan Pierson, Vivian Puplampu, Judy White","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0015","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The purpose of this literature review was to explore the historical account of Black people in Canada and the intersection of settlement policies on their experiences. We searched databases such as JSTOR, Taylor and Francis Online databases, ProQuest Online databases using keywords such as: “Canadian immigration”, “Black Settlement”, “Jamaican immigrants”, “Haitian immigrants”, “continental African”, “Western Canada”, and “Black History in Canada” to identify published peer reviewed manuscripts and grey literature on Black settlement in Canada. Furthermore, we electronically searched well-known White and Black scholars who research Black populations such as James Walker, Robin Winks, and Makeda Silvera for publications on the topic. Major findings described in the review include the arrival of Canada’s first documented Black immigrant in 1608 which is tied to the transatlantic slave trade, the lack of population and promises of land in the Canadian Prairies in the 19th century, which attracted Black immigrants. Furthermore, the review highlights major occurrences of Black settlement in Canada from the Caribbean in the 1950s and continental Blacks from the African continent in the 1960s. The review also sheds light on Blacks not being the preferred immigrants in the 19th century and the impact of Canadian policies including, but not limited to: the exclusionary Canadian Immigration Act of 1919. The other major historical events are the implementation of immigration policies that emphasized economic immigration which took place in the 1990s. Through all the challenges Black settlers encountered, their resilience was evident in their settlement experiences and successes. We recommend the development of new policies that promote inclusion and social justice for Black people and racialized immigrants in Canada.Résumé:L’objectif de cette revue de la littérature était d’explorer le récit historique des noires au Canada et l’intersection des politiques d’établissement sur leurs expériences. Nous avons effectué des recherches dans des bases de données telles que JSTOR, les bases des données électronique «Taylor and Francis», «ProQuest» en utilisant des mots-clés tels que : «immigration canadienne», «établissement des Noirs», «immigrants jamaïcains», «immigrants haïtiens», «Afrique continentale», «Ouest du Canada» et «histoire des Noirs au Canada» afin d’identifier les manuscrits publiés évalués par des pairs et la littérature grise sur l’établissement des Noirs au Canada. De plus, nous avons effectué une recherche électronique auprès d’érudits blancs et noirs bien connus, qui effectuent des recherches sur les populations noires, comme James Walker, Robin Winks et Makeda Silvera, pour trouver des publications sur le sujet. Les principales conclusions décrites dans l’examen comprennent l’arrivée du premier immigrant noir documenté au Canada en 1608, qui est liée à la traite transatlantique des esclaves, le manque de population et les promesses de t","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45863545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aspirations, Schooling Experiences, and Educational Outcomes of African Migrant Children in Canada","authors":"A. Mason, B. Salami, C. Fouché, S. Richter, Lindiwe Sibeko, S. Adekola","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Although Africa is the second highest source region of immigrants to Canada, very little research has been conducted on the postmigration experiences of African immigrant children. This paper explores the schooling experiences of African migrant children and their families in Alberta, Canada. We center the voices of African migrant children and their parents and illustrate the ways in which systemic racism in schools manifested in negative stereotypes about African people and curriculum marginalization impacts on children’s education. Further, we highlight the support mechanisms in schools and in African migrant families, such as tutoring and parent engagement in education, that help students to overcome the challenges they face and do well academically.Résumé:Bien que l’Afrique soit la deuxième région d’origine des immigrants au Canada, très peu de recherches ont été menées sur les expériences post-migratoires des enfants immigrants africains. Cet article explore les expériences de scolarisation des enfants migrants africains et de leurs familles en Alberta, au Canada. Nous mettons l’accent sur les voix des enfants migrants africains et de leurs parents et illustrons les façons dont le racisme systémique dans les écoles, qui se manifeste par des stéréotypes négatifs sur les Africains et la marginalisation des programmes scolaires, a un impact sur l’éducation des enfants. En outre, nous soulignons les mécanismes de soutien dans les écoles et dans les familles des migrants africains, tels que le tutorat et l’engagement des parents dans l’éducation, qui aident les élèves à surmonter les défis auxquels ils sont confrontés et à obtenir de bons résultats scolaires.","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43418562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental Health of Newcomer Refugee and Immigrant Youth During COVID-19","authors":"Reza Nakhaie, Howard Ramos, Dara Vosoughi, Obada Baghdadi","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0000","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In this paper, we examine how the degree of newcomer youth assimilation and acculturation, food insecurity, resilience, and social connections affect the mental health of recent refugee and immigrant youth in a mid-sized city during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data for this study are based on a sample of newcomers, mostly refugees, surveyed between July and November 2020. Indicators of mental health problems include the frequency in which respondents felt sad, stressed, confused, isolated, helpless, nervous, hopeless, or depressed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multivariate analysis points to the importance of resiliency and family density (i.e., number of siblings) for decreasing mental health problems, while food insecurity and length of residency in Canada increased them. Among these, food insecurity followed by resiliency were the strongest predictors of refugee and immigrant youth’s mental health.Résumé:Dans cet article, nous examinons comment le degré d’assimilation et d’acculturation des jeunes réfugiés, l’insécurité alimentaire, la resilience, et les liens sociaux affectent la santé mentale des jeunes réfugiés et immigrants récents dans une ville de taille moyenne pendant la pandémie de COVID-19. Les données de cette étude sont basées sur un échantillon de nouveaux arrivants, principalement des réfugiés, interrogés entre juillet et novembre 2020. Les indicateurs de mauvaise santé mentale incluent la fréquence à laquelle les répondants se sont sentis tristes, stressés, confus, isolés, impuissants, nerveux, désespérés ou déprimé pendant la pandémie de COVID-19. L’analyse multivariée souligne l’importance de la résilience et de la densité familiale (le nombre de frères et sœurs) pour la diminution des problèmes de santé mentale, cependant que l’insécurité alimentaire et la durée de résidence au Canada ont accru la mauvaise santé mentale. Parmi ces facteurs, l’insécurité alimentaire suivie par la résilience étaient les prédicteurs les plus forts de la santé mentale des jeunes réfugiés et immigrants.","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46904488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Nothing is forgotten,” or Forgiven: First World War Internment in Barbara Sapergia’s Blood and Salt","authors":"Lisa Grekul","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Focused on Barbara Sapergia’s Blood and Salt (2012), one of the first book-length works of fiction to engage with Canada’s First World War internment operations, this paper examines the ways in which the novel grapples with discourses of class, ethnicity, and race during, and after, the first decades of the 20th century. Discussion of Sapergia’s text is prefaced by historical background on the internment, including discussion of the widespread fear of “enemy aliens” which led to the incarceration, between 1914 and 1920, of some 8579 immigrants from empires (Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, German) (an estimated 5954 of them ethnically-Ukrainian) at war with the British empire and Canada. The analysis itself is informed by debates about Joy Kogawa’s Obasan (1981), long-viewed as breaking the silence around the Second World War internment of Japanese Canadians but, in recent years, critiqued for its complicity in constructing that “dark chapter” of the nation’s past as a forgivable anomaly. While the first four of Blood and Salt’s seven parts, grounded in meticulous historical research, trace Ukrainian Canadian protagonist Taras Kalyna’s (and his fellow internees’) suffering at the Castle Mountain, Cave and Basin camps near Banff, the last three sections of the novel seem to narrate his triumph over trauma. Consequently, the essay addresses the possibility that Taras might be (mis)taken as a character who performs the part of an ideal immigrant or model minority: in exchange for gaining entrance into the prospering, white middle class, he turns a blind eye to historical instances of xenophobia and racism. Does his fictional narrative align with prominent Ukrainian Canadians’ aggressive support in the 1960s for the problematic politics and practices of multiculturalism, as well as their acceptance of a disappointing compromise, in 2008, vis-à-vis redress for the internment operations of the First World War? Via close readings of the novel’s protagonist (and his unresolved trauma), his wife’s persistence in writing about the internment (and the reasons for it), and the tragic absent-presence of several minor, yet crucial, characters (some radically left-wing, others Indigenous), the paper argues that Blood and Salt, in fact, refuses to forget or forgive. Read alongside complex developments in Ukrainian Canada, between the First World War and the 1960s (and beyond), the text offers complicated perspectives on the historical actions of the government, their aftermaths, and all Canadians’ shared responsibilities in contending with past and ongoing “dark chapters” of the national narrative.Résumé:En analysant Blood and Salt (2012) par Barbara Sapergia l’une des premières oeuvres de fiction à s’intéresser aux opérations d’internement du Canada pendant la Première Guerre mondiale cet article examine les façons dont le roman aborde les discours de classe, d’appartenance ethnique et de race au cours des premières décennies du XXe siècle. L’étude du texte ","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43757282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immigration, Racial and Ethnic Studies in 150 Years of Canada – Retrospects and Prospects ed. by Shibao Guo and Lloyd Wong (review)","authors":"S. Roman","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41990202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Activating the Heart: Storytelling, Knowledge Sharing, and Relationship ed. by Julia Christensen, Christopher Coz and Lisa Szabo-Jones (review)","authors":"Tara Rose Hedican (Azahdaewatquay)","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42262977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Settler Colonialism, Race and the Law: Why Structural Racism Persists by Natsu Taylor Saito (review)","authors":"Shezadi Khushal","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44375447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Island Girls”: Caribbean Women Care Workers in Canada","authors":"C. Thomas, N. Lightman","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper employs a quantitative intersectional analysis to explore the current labour market participation of Caribbean women care workers in Canada within the nexus of gender, race, and immigration status characterizing the care economy. Historically, Caribbean women were thought of as the quintessential migrant care workers; however, little or no recent analyses in Canada have used quantitative methods to analyse their current position. Using 2016 Census microdata files, we find that Caribbean women in Canada (both immigrant and Canadian-born) are mostly engaged in work as nursing assistants and registered nurses, with Caribbean-born women more likely to be engaged in lower-status care work. Analyses indicate that taken together, race, ethnicity, and immigrant status have a considerable impact on the likelihood of working in care. Black and other racialized women earn less than White women annually, but Black care workers enjoy the attendant wage and benefit advantages of primarily working in institutions rather than in-home care. Findings also demonstrate that, in some cases, Caribbean women earn more than Western and Canadian-born women working in the same care positions. This suggests that Caribbean women have carved out a space for themselves in care work, as the positive impact of ethnicity on earnings in certain care work positions is specific to Caribbean ethnicity. Nonetheless, Caribbean women’s concentration in care work generally, and lower-status care work specifically, indicates that recruitment of these workers is still centred around essentialized ideas of this group.Résumé:Cet article se sert d’une analyse intersectionnelle quantitative pour explorer la participation actuelle au marché du travail des femmes caribéennes travaillant dans le secteur des soins au Canada, en affinité avec le sexe, la race et le statut d'immigration qui caractérise l'économie des soins. Historiquement, les femmes caribéennes étaient considérées comme les travailleuses sociales migrantes par excellence ; cependant, peu d'analyses récentes voire aucune au Canada n’ont utilisé des méthodes quantitatives pour analyser leur travail actuel. À l'aide des fichiers de micro données du Recensement de 2016, nous constatons que les femmes caribéennes au Canada (immigrantes et nées au Canada) sont principalement engagées dans un travail d'infirmières auxiliaires et d'infirmières praticiennes, les femmes nées dans les Caraïbes étant plus susceptibles d'être engagées dans des tâches de soins de statut inférieur. Les analyses indiquent que, pris ensemble, la race, l'origine ethnique et le statut d'immigrant ont un impact considérable sur la probabilité de travailler dans un établissement de soins. Les femmes noires et autres femmes racialisées gagnent moins que les femmes blanches chaque année, mais les soignantes noires bénéficient des avantages salariaux et des avantages sociaux en travaillant principalement dans des institutions plutôt que dans des soins","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46431709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De l’ajustement à la participation : Les nouveaux arrivants en contexte francophone minoritaire en Saskatchewan","authors":"Jérôme Mélançon, Daniel Kikulwe, Michael Akinpelu","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé:Les nouveaux arrivants francophones en milieu minoritaire rencontrent des défis propres à leur insertion dans les communautés qui les accueillent. Utilisant le cadre théorique présenté par Bourdieu à propos de l’influence des structures sur les populations non-dominantes, cet article explore les dynamiques entre l’habitus, l’organisation collective et le capital social au sein de cette « minorité dans la minorité ». Il s’appuie sur des groupes de discussion avec des informateurs-clés et sur la littérature existante en se concentrant plus précisément sur le cas de la Saskatchewan, où la communauté fransaskoise participe à l’accueil et l’établissement des nouveaux arrivants. L’article vise à montrer les besoins organisationnels des nouveaux arrivants, liés à leur capacité à aller au-delà de l’ajustement à un nouveau milieu de vie afin de participer à la communauté. Ces besoins vont de pair avec les besoins d’établissement et leurs besoins communicationnels, relationnels et, pardessus tout, institutionnels, qui se voient clairement en Saskatchewan du fait de la faible densité de la population francophone minoritaire. Cette approche commence avec les choix que les immigrants peuvent faire, ainsi qu’avec la connaissance qui est développée grâce à l’engagement des bénévoles au sein du secteur informel de l’établissement et de l’accompagnement.Abstract:Francophone newcomers in minority settings face challenges that are specific to their integration into the communities that welcome them. Using Bourdieu’s theoretical framework regarding the influence of structures on non-dominant populations, this paper explores the dynamics of habitus, collective organization, and social capital among this “minority within a minority.” It relies on discussion groups with key informants and on existing literature and focuses more precisely on the case of Saskatchewan, where the Fransaskois community takes part in the welcoming and settlement of newcomers. The paper aims to show the organizational needs of newcomers, tied to their ability to move beyond the adjustment to a new living environment toward participating in the community. These needs go together with settlement needs and communicational, relational, and, above all, institutional needs, and are clearly seen in Saskatchewan given the low density of the Francophone minority population. This approach begins with the choices that immigrants can make, as well as with the knowledge that is developed due to the engagement of volunteers within the informal settlement and support sector.","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42389569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"International Migration into Québec, 1991–2016: How Much Can the Québec Government Control?","authors":"M. Wood, Joel S. Fetzer","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Since the social-political changes of the Quiet Revolution during the 1960s, Québec has experienced much lower birth rates. Until recently, the government of Québec had hoped to compensate for this low fertility by increasing immigration. In 1991, for example, Québec began to administer its own immigration program seeking to admit immigrants who “adapt well to living there.” This article aims to determine the extent to which Québec governments have been able to control international migration into the region since the 1991 Canada-Québec Accord. Utilizing a logged-dependent-variable OLS panel model of international migration into Québec from 1991 to 2016, this essay evaluates the impact of independent factors that the government can influence as well as many source- and destination-country control variables. Our regression results suggest that Liberal Party dominance of the Québec government and Québec’s 1996 change in migration policy both boosted migration. Effective migration also rose with the percentage of a source region that is Francophone, a proportion the government may presumably influence via admissions policies. We conclude that Québec authorities play a significant role in shaping who actually immigrates.Résumé:Depuis les changements sociopolitiques de la Révolution tranquille au cours des années 1960, le Québec a connu des taux de natalité beaucoup plus faibles. Jusqu’à récemment, le gouvernement du Québec espérait compenser cette faible fécondité en augmentant l’immigration. En 1991, donc, le Québec a commencé à administrer son propre programme d’immigration visant à accueillir des immigrés qui « s’adaptent bien à y vivre ». Cet article vise à déterminer dans quelle mesure les gouvernements du Québec ont pu contrôler la migration internationale vers la région depuis l’Accord Canada-Québec de 1991. À l’aide d’un modèle de panel MCO à variable dépendante logée de la migration internationale au Québec de 1991 à 2016, cet essai évalue l’impact de facteurs indépendants que le gouvernement peut influencer ainsi que de nombreuses variables de contrôle des pays d’origine et de destination. Nos résultats de régression suggèrent que les gouvernements PLQ et le changement de politique migratoire en 1996 ont tous deux stimulé la migration. La migration effective a également augmenté avec le pourcentage francophone d’une région d’origine, une proportion que le gouvernement peut vraisemblablement influencer par le biais de politiques d’admission. Nous concluons que les autorités québécoises jouent un rôle important dans la détermination des flux de migrants.","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43973513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}