Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada最新文献

{"title":"Retirement Inequalities: The Importance of Ethnic Origins","authors":"Reza Nakhaie, J. Halliday, Spencer Roberts","doi":"10.1353/ces.2020.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2020.0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In the late 1960s, Canada reformed its earlier discriminatory immigration policies that prevented entry of individuals from “undesirable” countries and/or nationalities. Despite today’s more democratic immigration policies, new arrivals still experience significant barriers in terms of labour market integration, which results in substantial inequalities during retirement. In this study, data from the 2016 Census Public File is used to compare the retirement income of fifteen immigrant ethnic groups to that of British-origin immigrants. The analyses indicate substantial retirement income gaps among immigrants. Immigrants with British ancestry report the highest retirement income, while the main brunt of the retirement income gap is experienced by visible minority and South and East European immigrants, with human capital and immigration patterns accounting for some of these differences. We suggest that the vertical imagery of Canada as suggested by Porter (1965) is now more of a biocultural hierarchy among immigrant seniors.Résumé:Vers la fin des années 1960, le Canada a reformé ses politiques d’immigration discriminatoires qui empechaient l’entrée de personnes provenant de pays ou nationalités «indésirables». Malgré les politiques d’immigration plus démocratiques d’aujourd’hui, les nouveaux arrivants se heurtent encore à des obstacles importants sur le plan de l’intégration au marché du travail, ce qui entraîne d’importantes inégalités à la retraite. Dans cette étude, les données du fichier public du recensement de 2016 sont utilisées pour comparer le revenu de retraite de quinze groupes ethniques d’immigrants à celui des immigrants d’origine britannique. Les immigrants d’ascendance britannique déclarent les revenus de retraite les plus élevés, tandis que les minorités visibles et les immigrants d’Europe du Sud et de l’Est sont les plus touchés par l’écart de revenu de retraite, le capital humain et les modèles d’immigration étant responsables de certaines de ces différences. Nous suggérons que l’imagerie verticale du Canada, telle que suggérée par Porter (1965), est maintenant davantage une hiérarchie bioculturelle parmi les immigrants âgés.","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"52 1","pages":"23 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ces.2020.0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43163230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Race, Space, and Media: The Production of Urban Neighbourhood Space in East-end Toronto","authors":"Anuppiriya Sriskandarajah","doi":"10.1353/ces.2020.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2020.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In the last few decades, as Toronto neighbourhoods have become more diverse, they simultaneously have become more inequitable. Poverty and income disparity have increasingly become concentrated along neighbourhood lines. There is, however, little research on the discursive and experiential explorations of people living in these neighbourhoods and how these spaces are produced. This paper centers the culturalist constructions of space and its implications for racialized young people’s negotiations of belonging in an east-end Toronto ‘priority neighbourhood.’ Drawing on a critical framing analysis of newspaper discourses, this paper illustrates how young people who inhabit these spaces are differentially positioned. Through interview data, I examine how youth and youth service providers living in Malvern (a ‘priority neighbourhood’) negotiate production and representation of racialized spaces.Résumé:Au cours des dernières décennies, plus les voisinages de Toronto deviennent plus diversifiés, simultanément ils sont devenus inéquitables. La pauvreté et la disparité des revenus se concentrent de plus en plus le long des quartiers voisins. Il existe cependant peu de recherches sur les explorations discursives et expérientielles des personnes vivant dans ces villes voisines et sur la façon dont ces espaces sont conçus. Cet article se concentre sur les constructions culturalistes de l’espace et ses implications dans les négociations racialisées des jeunes occupant un « quartier prioritaire » du nord-est de Toronto. En se basant sur une analyse critique du recadrage des discours médiatiques, cet article illustre comment les jeunes qui habitent ces espaces sont différemment positionnés. À travers les données des entretiens, j’examine comment les jeunes et les prestataires de services pour les jeunes vivant à Malvern (un « quartier prioritaire ») négocient la production et la représentation d’espaces racialisés.","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"52 1","pages":"1 - 22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ces.2020.0004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42025575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autour de la diversité des orientations sexuelles : regard croisé Afrique-Canada parmi les jeunes francophones issus de l’immigration africaine subsaharienne","authors":"Paulin Mulatris, Malanga-Georges Liboy","doi":"10.1353/ces.2020.0000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2020.0000","url":null,"abstract":"Résumé:Les enjeux relatifs à la diversité sexuelle sont marginalement abordés par les études portant sur la construction identitaire ou la formation des jeunes issus de l’immigration africaine récente. Comment ces jeunes intègrent-t-ils l’idée de la diversité des orientations sexuelles dans leur trajectoire migratoire? Quelles sont leurs expériences dans le domaine? Basée sur quelques groupes de discussion impliquant 26 jeunes et une entrevue profonde avec un jeune adulte homosexuel, cette étude exploratoire analyse une double cause pour cette question. La perpétuation des schèmes discursifs basés sur des non-dits collectifs par les milieux culturels d’origine d’une part et, l’absence de programmes éducatifs ciblant le sujet d’autre part, qui poussent ces jeunes immigrants à développer des attitudes non adaptées vis-à-vis d’une société qui se veut ouverte. Une des recommandations de cette étude est que des programmes de formation culturellement adaptés soient organisés pour préparer ces jeunes à évoluer dans une société d’accueil canadienne globalement jugée plus ouverte.Abstract:Issues relating to sexual diversity are marginally addressed by studies on the identity construction or training of youth from recent African immigrant backgrounds. How do these youth integrate the idea of diversity of sexual orientations into their migration paths? What are their experiences in the field? Based on a selected group involving 26 youth and an in-depth interview with a young homosexual adult, this pilot study analyzes the dual cause of the issue. On one hand, permanent discursive patterns based on collective unspoken taboos by cultural backgrounds, and on the other hand, the lack of appropriate educational programs which lead these youth to develop misadapted attitudes toward an open society. One of the recommendations emerging from this study is that culturally adapted training programs should be organized to prepare these youth for the lifestyle of a Canadian host society generally considered as more open and inclusive toward immigrants.","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"52 1","pages":"73 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ces.2020.0000","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49013645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Building Canadian Muslim Communities by Earle H. Waugh (review)","authors":"Nakita Valerio","doi":"10.1353/ces.2020.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2020.0003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"52 1","pages":"121 - 123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ces.2020.0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48203651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of the Contemporary Doukhobor Sobranie Practice in Saskatchewan","authors":"Veronika Makarova","doi":"10.1353/ces.2020.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2020.0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This paper focuses on sobranie (assembly) practice of the Doukhobor (Doukhobortsy or Spirit Wrestlers) community in Saskatchewan. The paper describes Doukhobor prayer homes, sobranie/molenie (prayer assemblies) as well as the major event of the year: Peter’s Day celebrations. The study is based on over 60 hours of observations between 2010 and 2018. The evolution of the prayer assemblies from the early 20th century to modern times, as well as the issues facing the community, are outlined. The text of the Doukhobor Lord’s Prayer is compared with the Lord’s Prayer in other Christian denominations.Resumé:Cet article met l’accent sur la pratique de la ‘’sobranie’’ (assemblée) de la communauté doukhobor (Doukhobortsy ou Esprit des combattants) en Saskatchewan. L’article décrit les foyers de prière des Doukhobors, la sobranie / molenie (assemblées de prière) ainsi que l’événement majeur de l’année : les célébrations de la fête de la Pierre. L’étude est basée sur plus de 60 heures d’observations entre 2010 et 2018. L’évolution des assemblées de prière du début du 20e siècle aux temps modernes, ainsi que les problèmes auxquels la communauté est confrontée y sont démontrés. Le texte de la prière du Seigneur Doukhobor est comparé à la prière du Seigneur dans d’autres confessions chrétiennes.","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"52 1","pages":"117 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ces.2020.0001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45403357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intergenerational Relations and Gendered Social Surveillance of Second-Generation South Asians","authors":"Kara Somerville","doi":"10.1353/ces.2019.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2019.0022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Anchored in the literature on gendered transnationalism, the current study examines intergenerational relations. Based on 30 in-depth interviews with second-generation South Asians in Toronto, findings suggest that these youth experience tensions with their immigrant parents due to what they interpret as their parents' lack of understanding about the socially acceptable norms that regulate Canadian adolescence. Young South Asian men and women report experiencing a strict immigrant upbringing, including early curfews and limited social freedoms, and thus they struggle to reconcile their parents' South Asian cultural ideologies with their contemporary Canadian lives. The voices of these youth, however, also demonstrate ways in which experiences of adolescence are different for daughters and sons. In accordance with existing migration literature, this study concludes that gendered social surveillance limits daughters' independence more so than sons'. Participants suggest that this is partly due to their parents' belief that their daughters' social activities affect their family's reputation in both Canada and South Asia. In essence, this study reaffirms themes dominant in the migrant family literature and provides validation by examining the experiences from a more comprehensive point of view: the narratives of both second-generation men and women. Findings suggest that, despite some shared experiences among sons and daughters, gendered dynamics of migration remain salient among second-generation South Asian youth in Canada. In conclusion, this study argues that adolescence takes on a transnational dimension as the second-generation navigates normative expectations and gendered ideologies in multiple nation-states.Résumé:Ancrée dans la littérature du transnationalisme des genres, la présente étude examine les relations intergénérationnelles. Se fondant sur 30 entrevues approfondies avec des Sud-Asiatiques de deuxième génération à Toronto, les résultats montrent que ces jeunes vivent des tensions avec leurs parents immigrés en raison de ce qu'ils interprètent comme un manque de compréhension de la part de leurs parents, des normes socialement acceptables qui régissent l'adolescence au Canada. Les jeunes filles et garçons sud-asiatiques déclarent avoir subi une éducation d'immigration rigide, avec des couvre-feux et des libertés sociales limitées, et se battent ainsi pour réconcilier les idéologies culturelles de leurs parents avec leurs vies canadiennes contemporaines. Cependant, les témoignages de ces jeunes montrent aussi en quoi l'expérience de l'adolescence est différente chez les filles et chez les garçons. Conformément à la littérature existante sur les migrations, cette étude postule que la surveillance sociale des genres limite plus l'indépendance des filles que celle des garçons. Les participants affirment que cela vient en partie du fait que les parents sont convaincus que les activités sociales de leurs filles affectent la réputat","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"51 1","pages":"115 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ces.2019.0022","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45789110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Accommodation: Everyday Narratives of Muslim Canadians by Jennifer Selby, Amélie Barras, and Lori G. Beaman (review)","authors":"Michael Akladios","doi":"10.1353/ces.2019.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2019.0026","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"51 1","pages":"165 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ces.2019.0026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43296228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(Re)Producing Gender: Refugee Advocacy and Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in Refugee Narratives","authors":"Evangelia Tastsoglou, Shiva Nourpanah","doi":"10.1353/ces.2019.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2019.0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The glaring absence of gender persecution as grounds for protection in the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, the cornerstone of international refugee law, continues to impact current refugee claims driven by fear of sexual and gender-based violence. Applying a transnational, feminist and intersectional perspective, our study presents qualitative research on this particular form of violence in refugee claims. The lack of a strong, comprehensive protection framework for survivors of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) in refugee law and policy complicates the process of claiming refuge. Refugee advocates have to think strategically about SGBV in refugee claims as they work within this international framework and national (Canadian) law and policy. In doing so, they (re)produce patriarchal gender assumptions. In addition, intersecting gender, race and national origin underlying legal categories make some refugee claimants more vulnerable to the threat of SGBV. Our study raises broader questions about the knowledge produced from refugee narratives about gender and gender-based violence, the role of refugee advocacy organizations, and the advantages and challenges of working with the state to advance the human rights of all refugees.Résumé:L'absence criarde de persécution fondée sur le genre en tant que motif de protection dans la Convention de 1951 relative au statut des réfugiés, base fondamentale du droit international des réfugiés, continue d'avoir une incidence sur les demandes d'asile actuelles motivées par la peur de la violence sexuelle et sexiste. Considérant une perspective transnationale, féministe et intersectionnelle, notre analyse présente une recherche qualitative sur cette forme particulière de violence dans les demandes d'asile. L'absence d'un cadre solide et raisonnable de protection pour les victimes de violences sexuelles et sexistes (VVSS) dans la législation et la politique des réfugiés complique le processus de traitement des demandes de réfugiés. Les défenseurs des réfugiés doivent réfléchir de manière stratégique à la violence sexuelle et sexiste dans les demandes d'asile comme s'ils travaillent tant dans ce cadre international que celui de la législation et la politique nationale (canadienne). Ce faisant, ils (re) produisent des hypothèses de genre patriarcales. De plus, le croisement entre le sexe, la race et l'origine nationale des catégories juridiques sousjacentes rend certains demandeurs d'asile plus vulnérables à la menace de violence sexuelle et sexiste. Notre étude soulève des questions plus élargies sur les connaissances produites à partir des récits de réfugiés au sujet du genre et de la violence sexuelle et sexiste, le rôle des organizations de défense des réfugiés, et les avantages et les défis de travailler avec l'État pour faire avancer les droits humains de tous les réfugiés.","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"51 1","pages":"37 - 56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ces.2019.0019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42680490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Reproduction and Transnational Migration: Navigating Institutional Processes in Childcare by Women in Middle-Class Mainland Chinese Immigrant Families in Canada","authors":"Guida C. Man","doi":"10.1353/ces.2019.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2019.0023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Based on empirical data from a pilot research project, this paper examines middle-class Mainland Chinese immigrant women's experiences of the social reproductive work of childcare in Canada, in the context of neoliberal restructuring and transnationalism. The research reveals that within a Mainland Chinese immigrant household, gender and class ideology and practices influence the work of social reproduction, as they do within households of the Canadian-born. At the same time, neoliberal restructuring of childcare services may place a heavier pressure on women in middle-class immigrant families who are racialized and underemployed. While some local strategies of resorting to familial labour may be held in common by Mainland Chinese and Canadian-born families, Chinese immigrant households utilize, in addition, a number of particular transnational strategies to accomplish the work of social reproduction, specifically the various schemes of sponsoring visiting grandparents to assist in the social reproductive tasks of the young Mainland Chinese immigrant family.Résumé:À partir des données empiriques d'un projet de recherche pilote, cet article examine les expériences des femmes immigrantes de la Chine continentale de la classe moyenne du travail de reproduction sociale de garde d'enfants au Canada, dans le contexte de la restructuration néolibérale et du transnationalisme. La recherche révèle que dans un ménage d'immigrants chinois continentaux, les pratiques de genre et l'idéologie de classe influencent le travail de reproduction sociale, comme elles le font dans les ménages des natifs Canadiens. Dans le même ordre d'idées, la restructuration néolibérale des services de garde d'enfants pourrait exercer une pression plus forte sur les femmes des familles immigrantes de la classe moyenne qui sont racialisées et sous-employées. Pendant que certaines stratégies locales de recours au travail familial peuvent être communes aux familles chinoises continentales et aux natifs Canadiens, les ménages d'immigrants chinois utilisent, en outre, un certain nombre de stratégies transnationales particulières pour accomplir le travail de reproduction sociale, en particulier les divers schémas de parrainer des grands-parents en visite pour aider aux tâches de reproduction sociale de la jeune famille d'immigrants chinois continentaux.","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"51 1","pages":"117 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ces.2019.0023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47546297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propaganda & Persuasion: The Cold War and The Canadian-Soviet Friendship Society by Jennifer Anderson (review)","authors":"Ryan M. Touhey","doi":"10.1353/ces.2019.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2019.0027","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"51 1","pages":"167 - 169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1353/ces.2019.0027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46888120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}