Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada最新文献

{"title":"Gender, Parenthood, and Employment During COVID-19: An Immigrant-Native Born Comparison in Canada","authors":"Siqi Qin, Manlin Cai, Sylvia Fuller, Yue Qian","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0025","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The COVID-19 pandemic has upended how we live and work. In Canada, the gender gap in employment among parents with young children widened substantially during the pandemic. Previous studies, however, examine parents in Canada without distinguishing them by immigrant status, although immigrant versus Canadian-born parents may have distinct work-family experiences. In this study, we investigate how the intersection of parental and immigrant statuses influenced change in gender employment gaps during the pandemic. Drawing on Labor Force Survey (LFS) microdata from March 2019 to February 2021, we examine the probability of employment by gender, parental status, and immigrant status. When comparing the school closure period (March to August 2020) relative to the same months in 2019 (pre-pandemic), immigrant women, irrespective of parental status, witnessed larger declines in employment than their male counterparts and non-immigrants, and the gender gap widened the most among recent immigrants with school-aged children. When schools gradually reopened (September 2020 to February 2021), employment recovered faster for recent than established immigrant mothers. Overall, our findings show that among parents of young children, the growing gender gap in employment during the pandemic was concentrated among immigrants, with immigrant mothers disproportionately disadvantaged. This study illuminates how the pandemic exacerbated intersectional inequalities based on gender, parenthood, and immigrant status.Résumé:La pandémie de COVID-19 a bouleversé notre façon de vivre et de travailler. Au Canada, le fossé entre les sexes en matière d’emploi chez les parents de jeunes enfants s’est considérablement enforcé pendant la pandémie. Les études antérieures, cependant, examinent les parents au Canada sans distinction de leur statut d’immigrant, bien que les parents immigrants et les parents nés au Canada puissent avoir des expériences travail-famille différentes. Dans cette étude, nous examinons comment le croisement des statuts de parent et d’immigrant a influencé l’évolution des écarts d’emploi entre les sexes pendant la pandémie. En nous servant des micro-données de l’enquête sur la main-d’œuvre (EMŒ) de mars 2019 à février 2021, nous examinons la probabilité d’emploi selon le sexe, le statut parental et le statut d’immigrant. Si l’on compare la période de fermeture des écoles (mars à août 2020) aux mêmes mois de 2019 (avant la pandémie), les femmes immigrées, quel que soit leur statut parental, ont connu des baisses d’emploi plus importantes que leurs homologues masculins et que les non-immigrants, et le fossé entre les sexes s’est le plus creusé chez les immigrants récents ayant des enfants d’âge scolaire. Lorsque les écoles ont progressivement rouvert (de septembre 2020 à février 2021), l’emploi s’est rétabli plus rapidement pour les mères récemment immigrées que pour celles établies. Dans l’ensemble, nos résultats montrent que, parmi les parents de jeun","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"54 1","pages":"108 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43577531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporary Residents, Lasting Issues: International Graduate Students and Covid-19","authors":"I. Fandiño, P. Banerjee","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0024","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The Covid-19 pandemic made temporary residents in Canada particularly vulnerable, as their precarious legal status, barriers in accessing healthcare, financial and job insecurity, the impossibility of travel, and social isolation intensified. International students were among those who had to navigate these challenges while being made invisible due to their liminal status of being students and temporary residents. Our research with international graduate students and their families shows that even in pre-pandemic times, this population was battling financial insecurities, issues of work-life balance, social isolation, and travel restrictions; issues compounded at the intersections of race and gender and exacerbated by Covid-19.Given that the Covid-19 pandemic has amplified underlying inequities in Canada at the systemic level, with more racialized people being infected with Covid-19 and dying from it, and more racialized people with precarious legal status losing their livelihood, we can assume that international students are no exception. Measures adopted by the Canadian government, such as the Canada Student Emergency Benefit, excluded international students, who contribute over 20 billion dollars annually to the Canadian economy and are a source of revenue for Canadian universities and colleges.In this paper, we explore how the Covid-19 pandemic affected international graduate students and their familial lives in a city in Alberta and what impact government policies had on their lives. Based on 20 in-depth interviews with international graduate students and their spouses, this paper highlights the disparity in support between international students and Canadian citizens during the pandemic, including financial support, institutional assistance, isolation, and transnational interactions. We also explore how institutional assumptions and governmental policies during the pandemic undermine the gendered and racialized experience of international graduate students with their immediate and transnational families. We contend through our analysis that the treatment of international students during the pandemic should be a concern of academic justice given the vulnerable, precarious, and relatively invisible status of this population, underscored further by the intersectional discriminations experienced by many students who are looking to find a future in Canada.Résumé:La pandémie de Covid-19 a rendu les résidents temporaires au Canada particulièrement vulnérables, car leur statut juridique précaire, les obstacles à l’accès aux soins de santé, l’insécurité financière et professionnelle, l’impossibilité de voyager et l’isolement social se sont intensifiés. Les étudiants internationaux étaient parmi ceux qui devaient relever ces défis tout en étant rendus invisibles en raison de leur statut inconstant d’étudiants et de résidents temporaires. Nos recherches auprès d’étudiants étrangers diplômés et de leurs familles montrent que, même avant la pan","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"54 1","pages":"33 - 62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46144576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Breathwork of Ar-Rahman: An Islamic Ethic of Reproductive Care","authors":"Sarah Munawar","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:I offer an intersectional and Islamic ethic of reproductive care that makes visible the unmet care needs of and attends to the epistemic, moral and ontological injuries experienced by Muslim pregnant, birthing and postpartum people in a global pandemic. My feminist-theorizing is enveloped within Islamic stories of maternity. I offer a moral vocabulary of care which advocates for the Islamic right of Muslims to supported caregiving and labours against the violence of maternal separation. A central theme is kin-making, a type of caring labour, by which we house one another in our relations and accept responsibility for one another’s care and access needs. In an Islamic sense, kin-making is a kind of access-work, of sensing how our bodies fit and move together in the spaces we hold together. It is a way of making space in our gatherings, of homing, of housing within our relations those who have been dislocated by settler-colonial, heteropatriarchal and ableist violence. I argue that what paves safe passage for Muslims birthing in a pandemic are constellations of care that go beyond the scope of health-care settings and medicalized care. Such webs of care include Allah as doula, radical birthworkers, (grand)mothers, lands and waters, aun-ties and friends and the ancestors that watch over us in Creator’s name as we bear life. Such home-making is a way of mobilizing Islamic knowledge to protect the ontological security of Muslims and their right to possess their Muslimness, to think, critique and judge their experiences of reproductive care islamically.Résumé:Je propose une éthique intersectionnelle et islamique des soins reproductifs, mettant en lumière les besoins non satisfaits en matière de soins, et illustrant les blessures épistémiques, morales et ontologiques subies par les musulmanes enceintes, ayant accouché ou étant en post-partum dans un contexte de pandémie mondiale. Ma théorisation féministe s’inscrit dans les récits islamiques de la maternité. Je propose un « vocabulaire moral » qui défend le droit islamique des musulmans à bénéficier d’un soutien en matière de soins, et qui s’efforce de lutter contre la violence de la séparation maternelle. L’un des thèmes centraux abordé est la création de liens de parenté, un certain type de soins, par lequel nous nous soutenons les uns les autres dans nos relations, et assumons la responsabilité de la prise de soins et de la satisfaction des besoins de chacun. Dans un sens islamique, la parenté est une sorte de travail, qui consiste à sentir comment nos corps s’adaptent et se déplacent ensemble dans les lieux que nous occupons ensemble. C’est une façon de créer de l’espace pour nos rassemblements, d’accueillir, de loger au sein de nos relations ceux qui ont été brisés par la violence coloniale, hétéro-patriarcale et discriminatoire à l’égard des personnes en situation de handicap. Je soutiens que les soins qui dépassent le cadre des établissements de santé et de la médicalisation offrent un c","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"54 1","pages":"129 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46887013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Finding Refuge in Canada: Narratives of Dislocation ed. by George Melnyk and Christina Parker (review)","authors":"Ellen A. Ahlness","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"54 1","pages":"205 - 206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47969405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intimate Partner Violence Interventions within Immigrant Populations: A Scoping Review of the G7 Nations, including Canada","authors":"Philomina Okeke‐Ihejirika, Brittany Tetreault, Neelam Saleem Punjani, Mary Olukotun","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a widespread issue in immigrant communities and has severe implications for well-being and safety. With a limited body of knowledge on IPV in Canadian immigrant communities that only scarcely informs or enhances existing programs and services, this scoping review focused on existing interventions across G7 countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States) for more answers. Using Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) five stages of scoping reviews, we identified four major forms of intervention rooted in: Education and Awareness, Service and Resource Provision, Collaborative Partnerships and Networking, Mental Health and Counseling. Gaps in extant literature on intervention include: Limited knowledge about immigrant men in general, queer and gender-diverse immigrants; effectiveness of joint (including both partners) interventions; and the impacts of differential immigration status. Our findings call for IPV intervention research that, where possible, accounts for both partners’ experiences, and considers varied immigration statuses among participants, both systemic and interpersonal factors, the broader circumstances of immigrants’ lives, and queer and gender-diverse dimensions.Résumé:La violence entre partenaires intimes (VPI) est un problème répandu dans les communautés immigrantes et a de graves répercussions sur le bien-être et la sécurité. Compte tenu du répertoire limité de connaissances sur la VPI dans les communautés d’immigrants au Canada, qui n’informe ou n’améliore que très peu les programmes et services existants, cette revue de la portée s’est concentrée sur les interventions existantes dans les pays du G7 (Canada, France, Allemagne, Italie, Japon, Royaume-Uni et États-Unis) pour obtenir plus de réponses. En se servant des cinq étapes de l’examen de la portée d’Arksey et O’Malley (2005), nous avons identifié quatre grandes formes d’intervention ancrées dans : L’éducation et la sensibilisation, la fourniture de services et de ressources, les partenariats de collaboration et le réseautage, la santé mentale et le conseil. Les lacunes dans la documentation existante sur les interventions sont les suivantes : Des connaissances limitées sur les hommes immigrés en général, sur les immigrants homosexuels et de genre différent, sur l’efficacité des interventions conjointes (incluant les deux partenaires) et sur les impacts des différences de statut d’immigration. Nos conclusions appellent à des recherches sur les interventions en matière de VPI qui, dans la mesure du possible, prennent en compte les expériences des deux partenaires, les différents statuts d’immigration des participants, les facteurs systémiques et interpersonnels, les circonstances plus élargies de la vie des immigrants, ainsi que les dimensions queer et de genre divers.","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"54 1","pages":"67 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42523457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Talking Back to the Indian Act: Critical Readings in Settler Colonial Histories by Mary-Ellen Kelm and Keith Douglas Smith (review)","authors":"Shezadi Khushal","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"54 1","pages":"123 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41666743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immigrant Employment Integration in Canada: A Narrative Review","authors":"Mary Crea‐Arsenio, K. Newbold, Andrea Baumann, Margaret Walton‐Roberts","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:International migration has increased globally over the past two decades with migrants currently representing 3.5% of the world’s population. As a top destination country, Canada’s immigration policy selects some of the most highly skilled and educated migrants. Yet, upon arrival, many face challenges finding employment that matches their skills and qualifications. Extensive research has emerged that seeks to identify barriers to immigrant employment and the determinants of their success in the labour market. This article presents the results of a narrative review of literature on the employment outcomes of recent immigrants to Canada. A total of 33 articles published between 2010 and 2020 were reviewed. Results indicate both individual and contextual causes for a lag in commensurate employment. Characteristics such as immigration class, education and experience, place of settlement, gender, and visible minority status were identified as significant variables. Changing local labour markets, underemployment and underutilization of immigrant skills and the impact of social networks on attaining employment also emerged as important factors. Canada’s immigration policy is widely perceived as an exemplar model for attracting skilled migrants. However, when compared to countries like Australia and the United States, newcomers to Canada face challenges integrating into employment efficiently and effectively. Findings from this review offer insight for policymakers to improve employment outcomes through innovations adaptable to local labour markets that promote immigrants’ rapid entry into commensurate employment.Résumé:La migration internationale a augmenté à l’échelle mondiale au cours des deux dernières décennies, les migrants représentant actuellement 3,5 % de la population mondiale. En tant que pays de destination le plus convoité, la politique d’immigration du Canada sélectionne certains des migrants les plus qualifiés et les plus instruits. Pourtant, à leur arrivée, nombre d’entre eux ont du mal à trouver un emploi qui correspond à leurs compétences et qualifications. De nombreuses recherches ont été menées afin d’identifier les défis auxquels les immigrants sont confrontés et les facteurs déterminants de leur réussite sur le marché du travail. Cet article présente les résultats d’une synthèse narrative de la littérature canadienne axée sur la combinaison entre l’intégration des immigrants et les résultats en matière d’emploi. Au total, 33 articles ont été examinés. Les résultats indiquent des causes à la fois individuelles et contextuelles pour un retard dans l’emploi des immigrants récents. Des caractéristiques telles que la classe d’immigration, l’éducation et l’expérience, le lieu d’établissement, le sexe et le statut de minorité visible ont été identifiées comme significatives. L’évolution des marchés du travail locaux, le sous-emploi et la sous-utilisation des compétences des immigrants ainsi que l’impact des réseaux sociaux sur l’o","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"54 1","pages":"117 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41755801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editors’ Note/Note des rédacteurs","authors":"Lloyd L. Wong, Shibao Guo","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"54 1","pages":"iii - iv"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44542723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marginalized Inclusion: The Experiences of Visible Minority Engineers in Ontario, Canada","authors":"T. Adams, Jayzer E. Flores","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:There is substantial evidence that members of visible minorities experience labour market disadvantages in Canada; however, some fields appear more welcoming than others. Engineering could be perceived as one such field since visible minority men appear to be over-represented in this profession. While research has documented barriers to entry to practice for the internationally educated, there has been little attention devoted to exploring the career experiences of visible minority engineers. This study adopts an intersectional lens to explore the career experiences of visible minority men and women within engineering in Ontario, Canada. Through analysis of both survey and interview data, this paper reveals that race and gender cross-cut to shape career opportunities. Specifically, members of visible minorities have fewer opportunities to exercise authority on the job and fill managerial roles. Discrimination and access to capital limit career opportunities. Visible minority women are particularly disadvantaged.Résumé:Il existe des preuves substantielles que les membres des minorités visibles sont désavantagés sur le marché du travail au Canada ; toutefois, certains domaines semblent plus accueillants que d’autres. Le génie pourrait être perçu comme l’un de ces domaines puisque les hommes des minorités visibles semblent être bien représentés dans cette profession. Bien que la recherche ait documenté les obstacles à l’entrée dans la pratique pour les personnes formées à l’étranger, peu d’attention a été accordée à l’exploration de l’avancement professionnel des ingénieurs des minorités visibles. Cette étude adopte une optique intersectionnelle pour explorer les expériences de carrière des hommes et des femmes des minorités visibles dans le domaine du génie en Ontario. Grâce à l’analyse des données d’enquête et d’entrevue, cet article révèle que la race et le sexe se croisent pour façonner les possibilités de carrière. Les femmes des minorités sont moins susceptibles d’avoir la possibilié de participer à la prise de décision, tandis que les hommes et les femmes des minorités visibles sont moins susceptibles d’occuper des postes de direction. La discrimination et le capital social contribuent à l’inégalité des trajectoires professionnelles.","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"54 1","pages":"23 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41418233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identity and Industry: Making Media Multicultural in Canada by Mark Hayward, and: African Canadian Leadership: Continuity, Transition, and Transformation ed. by Tamari Kitossa, Erica S. Lawson and Philip S.S. Howard (review)","authors":"Gordon Alley-Young","doi":"10.1353/ces.2022.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2022.0009","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":55968,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Ethnic Studies-Etudes Ethniques au Canada","volume":"54 1","pages":"119 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44400629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}