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Risk Perception, Safety Behavior and Work Accidents: Assessment and Relations in a Sample of Portuguese Firefighters 风险意识、安全行为和工伤事故：葡萄牙消防员样本的评估与关系

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01585-x

Mário Fialho, Sandra Nunes, Carla A. Gamelas

{"title":"Risk Perception, Safety Behavior and Work Accidents: Assessment and Relations in a Sample of Portuguese Firefighters","authors":"Mário Fialho, Sandra Nunes, Carla A. Gamelas","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01585-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01585-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study aims to analyze risk perception, through the psychometric paradigm, and to identify the influencing sociodemographic factors, in a sample of Portuguese firefighters. This is an exploratory, cross-sectional study, involving an online questionnaire, in a convenience sample of (n = 59) firefighters from corporations in two Portuguese cities. The firefighters’ risk perception in the sample is high (mean 8.61). Considering the psychometric paradigm dimensions, fear of suffering damage, personal vulnerability, severity of injury or disease, catastrophic potential and long-term consequences are those that influence risk perception in the sample. Firefighters consider to be exposed to a high level, to ergonomic risks, night shifts, chemical agents, thermal stress, stress, biological risks, risk of burn and explosion. Firefighters with < 5 years in service presented the lowest mean of risk perception (p-value = 0.022), but the sociodemographic variables, type of professional bond or the number of accidents suffered presented no significant difference (p-value > 0.05). To evaluate the self-reported adoption of safety behavior, the respondents classified their agreement with statements related to: the compliance with safety rules and procedures, the use of PPE, the attitude towards safety training and work pressure. It was concluded that the respondents who have a higher risk perception tend to adopt safety behaviors, thus confirming the importance of risk perception to implement targeted and effective strategies in safety training. Firefighters in the sample with fewer years of service have a lower risk perception, so they should be considered as a priority segment for safety training.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"60 5","pages":"3529 - 3552"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141258513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correction: Understanding the Impact of Fuel on Surfactant Microstructure of Firefighting Foam 更正：了解燃料对消防泡沫表面活性剂微观结构的影响

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-06-04 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01591-z

Rezawana Islam, Brian Y. Lattimer

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the Fire Behavior of Low-Rise Eccentrically Braced Frame Structures Under Different Fire Scenarios 不同火灾情况下低层偏心支撑框架结构的火灾行为评估

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-06-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01587-9

Seyed Javad Mortazavi, Iman Mansouri, Alireza Farzampour, Eleni Retzepis, Jong Wan Hu

引用次数: 0

Understanding Fire and Rescue Service Practices Through Problems and Problem-Solving Networks: An Analysis of a Critical Incident 通过问题和问题解决网络了解消防和救援服务实践：重大事件分析

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01582-0

Lotta Vylund, Tove Frykmer, Margaret McNamee, Kerstin Eriksson

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Probabilistic Performance-based Fire Design of Structures: A Hazard-Centred and Consequence-Oriented Perspective 基于概率性能的结构防火设计：以危害为中心、以后果为导向的视角

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-05-09 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-023-01541-1

Andrea Franchini, Carmine Galasso, Jose L. Torero

{"title":"Probabilistic Performance-based Fire Design of Structures: A Hazard-Centred and Consequence-Oriented Perspective","authors":"Andrea Franchini, Carmine Galasso, Jose L. Torero","doi":"10.1007/s10694-023-01541-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-023-01541-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Risk-based design and assessment methods are gaining popularity in performance-based structural fire engineering. These methods usually start by defining a set of hazard scenarios to use as analysis inputs. This approach, proven highly effective for other hazard types such as earthquakes, may not be optimal for fire safety design. Indeed, the strong coupling between the fire phenomenon and structural features enables an ad-hoc design variable selection (and/or optimisation) to reduce fire intensity, making fire scenarios additional design outputs. In addition, such a coupling effect implies that fire scenarios maximising consequences are structure specific. Building on these considerations, this paper discusses the limitations that arise at different analysis steps (i.e., fire-scenario and intensity treatment, identifying fire intensity measures, probabilistic fire hazard analysis, developing fire fragility models, and risk calculation) when using conventional risk-based approaches for design purposes. Furthermore, it compares such approaches with a fire safety design methodology (the Consequence-oriented Fire intensity Optimisation, CFO, approach) that addresses the identified limitations. The potential benefits of integrating the two approaches are also discussed. Finally, the fire design of a simplified steel-girder bridge is introduced as an illustrative example, comparing the consequence metrics and design updating strategies resulting from the two approaches.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"60 4","pages":"2845 - 2873"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10694-023-01541-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140927683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Simplified Method for Determining Fire Resistance of RC Columns Using Fire-Resistance-Column-Curves Approach 使用耐火-柱-曲线法确定钢筋混凝土柱耐火性的简化方法

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-05-06 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01567-z

Khaled Ahmed Mahmoud

{"title":"A Simplified Method for Determining Fire Resistance of RC Columns Using Fire-Resistance-Column-Curves Approach","authors":"Khaled Ahmed Mahmoud","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01567-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01567-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Eurocode-2 (EC2) empirical equation for fire resistance of RC columns is very sensitive to the value of column capacity at normal temperature conditions <span>(N_{Rd})</span>. Techniques to determine <span>(N_{Rd})</span> accurately for eccentric slender columns are difficult and computationally demanding; thus, adopting simplifications leads to unsatisfactory results in many column cases. Another shortcoming of EC2 equation is that it does not include an explicit term regarding the effect of load eccentricity on fire resistance. In this paper, a simplified method, as an attempt to overcome EC2 method defects, is developed to determine the fire resistance of RC columns using fire-resistance-column-curves. A rational numerical model is used to analyze various series of RC columns with different geometric, material, and loading properties at elevated temperatures. The results of the numerical study are utilized to construct different fire-resistance-column-curves from which simplified design equations are developed to predict the fire resistance of fixed- and pinned-end RC columns. The validity of the method is established with the aid of experimental data and it was found that in most cases, there is good agreement between assessed and test columns. It was also found that the proposed equations provide sufficiently safe predictions when appropriate material safety factors are adopted. The applicability of the proposed method to fire resistance design of RC columns is illustrated through numerical examples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"60 5","pages":"3443 - 3474"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10694-024-01567-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Full-Scale Fire Experiments on Cross-Laminated Timber Residential Enclosures Featuring Different Lining Protection Configurations 采用不同衬里保护配置的交叉层压木材住宅围护结构的全尺寸火灾实验

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01581-1

Danny Hopkin, Wojciech Węgrzyński, Carmen Gorska, Michael Spearpoint, Jakub Bielawski, Harald Krenn, Tim Sleik, Renaud Blondeau, Gordian Stapf

{"title":"Full-Scale Fire Experiments on Cross-Laminated Timber Residential Enclosures Featuring Different Lining Protection Configurations","authors":"Danny Hopkin, Wojciech Węgrzyński, Carmen Gorska, Michael Spearpoint, Jakub Bielawski, Harald Krenn, Tim Sleik, Renaud Blondeau, Gordian Stapf","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01581-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01581-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The adoption of timber, specifically cross-laminated timber (CLT), as a primary construction material is gaining traction due to its carbon sequestration capabilities, environmental advantages, and potential for precision manufacturing. However, the combustibility of wood raises legitimate concerns about fire safety in timber-based residential buildings. This paper investigates the fire performance of timber in a residential context, attempting to fill knowledge gaps and outline strategies for improving fire robustness in timber-built dwellings. Through comprehensive experimental studies on residential-type enclosures constructed with CLT panels, this research explores different configurations and the effects of varying degrees of non-combustible protective lining. The findings underscore the significance of considering timber surface exposure and adopting effective encapsulation strategies in CLT buildings. It has been estimated that the exposure of timber walls leads to a proportional increase in heat release rate, corresponding to the area of exposed timber surfaces and their charring rates. Consequently, the external flame has a larger projection, resulting in a much greater heat flux to the façade. Furthermore, threshold conditions for initial flaming self-extinguishment of timber defined in literature of 44.5 ± 1.2 kW/m<sup>2</sup> have been found to be applicable to the experiments conducted in this research. Finally, it has been observed that partial encapsulation, where the protective lining will likely fall off during a fire, may hinder rather than increase the likelihood of self-extinguishment. This work contributes towards a nuanced understanding of fire dynamics in timber structures, offering insights for safer and more effective design strategies for CLT-based construction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"60 6","pages":"3771 - 3803"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10694-024-01581-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140886126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding the Impact of Fuel on Surfactant Microstructure of Firefighting Foam 了解燃料对消防泡沫表面活性剂微观结构的影响

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01577-x

Rezawana Islam, Brian Y. Lattimer

{"title":"Understanding the Impact of Fuel on Surfactant Microstructure of Firefighting Foam","authors":"Rezawana Islam, Brian Y. Lattimer","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01577-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01577-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aqueous film-forming foam is being phased out due to the environmental impacts of fluorinated surfactants contained in the firefighting foams. To develop an environmentally friendly firefighting foam, it is important to understand the factors controlling the firefighting performance of surfactants. Fuel transport through foam has been considered as a dominant mechanism for foam collapse. Therefore, the impact of fuels (heptane, octane and trimethylbenzene (TMB)) on surfactant microstructure was studied for three different types of surfactants (Capstone, Glucopon, and siloxane) that have applications in firefighting foam. Multiple techniques were used to identify the microstructure and interfacial properties of surfactants with and without exposure to liquid fuel. The ignition time of fuel vapor through foam and solubility of fuel through liquid surfactant solution were measured as well. This work shows fuel solubility has an impact on the surfactant microstructure and interfacial properties. In addition, fuel solubility and vapor pressure affect the ignition time of fuel vapors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"60 5","pages":"3413 - 3441"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10694-024-01577-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140841340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Special Issue on State-of-the-Art Fire Research in China and 30th Anniversary of SKLFS 中国火灾研究现状与 SKLFS 成立 30 周年特刊

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01579-9

Naian Liu, Kaiyuan Li, Xinyan Huang

引用次数: 0

Fire Safety for Green Façades: Part 1: Basics, State-of-the-Art Research and Experimental Investigation of Plant Flammability 绿色外墙的防火安全：第 1 部分：植物可燃性的基础知识、最新研究和实验调查

IF 2.3 3区工程技术

Fire Technology Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.1007/s10694-024-01566-0

Thomas Engel, Norman Werther

{"title":"Fire Safety for Green Façades: Part 1: Basics, State-of-the-Art Research and Experimental Investigation of Plant Flammability","authors":"Thomas Engel, Norman Werther","doi":"10.1007/s10694-024-01566-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10694-024-01566-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study is the first part of a larger investigation into the fire behaviour of green façades. In this study, the currently known international research status on this topic is presented and discussed. In addition, the flammability of green façades is investigated through 43 fire tests on a medium scale according to the SBI (Single Burning Item) test method EN 13823. The focus of the investigation was placed on climbing plants. A total of 25 different plant species were investigated. A comparison of the heat release rate of all the investigated vital plants shows similar behaviour. In the course of exposure, there are short peaks in the heat release rate. These peaks are “flare-ups” that occur when parts of the plants dry out due to exposure to the flame and then ignite. The plant species itself had no substantial influence on fire behaviour. Horizontal fire spread occurred to a very limited extent within the investigations of vital plants. They were self-extinguishing. The significant factor in the assessment of flammability is the moisture content of the plants. With dried plants, an abrupt heat release occurs at the beginning. Dried-out plants, as well as unmaintained plants with a high content of deadwood, represent the most critical case.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":558,"journal":{"name":"Fire Technology","volume":"60 3","pages":"2177 - 2230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10694-024-01566-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140637048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0