Fibers and Polymers最新文献

{"title":"Research on Heat Treatment of Aramid III Under Air Atmosphere Conditions","authors":"Kejie Liu,&nbsp;Tao Peng,&nbsp;Mengjin Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s12221-026-01498-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12221-026-01498-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aramid III is a high-performance heterocyclic aramid fiber obtained by modifying the Kevlar ^@ molecular chain. Compared the with Kevlar^@ fiber, Aramid III has higher mechanical properties, interfacial properties, and UV resistance. The work investigates the relationship between fiber structure and properties by heat-treating Aramid III under an air atmosphere at different temperature conditions and compares their performance with industrial fiber heat-treated under a nitrogen atmosphere. It is found that when subjected to heat treatment in an air atmosphere, as the temperature increases, the crystallinity of the fibers gradually increases, the surface groove structure of the fibers gradually decreases and becomes smooth and uniform, the oxygen content on the fiber surface increases and generates more –C–O– groups, thereby endowing the fibers with better surface properties, improving theTSIF and ILSS of Aramid III, and benefiting the improvement of the interfacial properties of fiber-reinforced resin matrix composites. However, when the heat treatment temperature exceeds the critical value, it can lead to a decrease in fiber toughness, as well as a significant reduction in the tensile strength, resulting in reduced performance of the TSIF and ILSS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":557,"journal":{"name":"Fibers and Polymers","volume":"27 9","pages":"4215 - 4223"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arginine-Derived Guanidine-Functionalized Cotton Fabrics for Detoxification of Organophosphorus Nerve Agent Simulants","authors":"Jiseop Bae,&nbsp;Woong Kwon,&nbsp;Daeun Kim,&nbsp;Chaeyeon Kim,&nbsp;Euigyung Jeong","doi":"10.1007/s12221-026-01501-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12221-026-01501-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>L-arginine was immobilized onto cotton fabrics via a pad-dry-cure process to prepare catalytic textiles for the hydrolysis of dimethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate (DMNP), a simulant of organophosphorus nerve agents. Direct L-arginine treatment showed limited surface immobilization and only marginal improvement in DMNP degradation. To overcome this limitation, cotton was first functionalized with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) and then treated with L-arginine to promote covalent immobilization. The APTMS/L-arginine-treated cotton with a 1:1 (wt%:wt%) ratio and 1 wt% add-on exhibited the highest catalytic activity, achieving 53% DMNP degradation after 48 h. Its pseudo-first-order rate constant was 5.07 and 2.09 times higher than those of untreated cotton and APTMS-treated cotton, respectively. Compared with guanidinylated chitosan-treated cotton, AP-Arg-CO showed approximately twofold higher DMNP degradation under identical conditions. These results suggest that APTMS-assisted L-arginine immobilization is a simple and effective strategy for preparing functional cotton textiles with catalytic detoxification capability.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":557,"journal":{"name":"Fibers and Polymers","volume":"27 9","pages":"4343 - 4354"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual Role of Glass-Fiber Separator Pore Size in Aqueous Zinc-Iodine Batteries: Fast Supply and Cycling Stability","authors":"Jae-Hyuk Cho,&nbsp;Ho-Jin Lee,&nbsp;Dae-Kwon Boo,&nbsp;Jeong-Ho Park,&nbsp;Ji-Won Jung","doi":"10.1007/s12221-026-01497-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12221-026-01497-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Aqueous Zn–I₂ batteries offer high safety, low cost, and a 211 mAh g⁻¹ theoretical capacity, but the effect of separator grade has not been systematically resolved. We arrange five Whatman glass fiber (GF) grades (A, C, F, D, B; thickness 260–675 μm, mean pore 0.7–2.7 μm) into a 2D matrix in which thickness and pore size decouple naturally, and use the same-thickness pair GF/A versus GF/C at 260 μm (Pair <i>α</i>) as the controlled comparison across EIS, Tafel, symmetric-cell rate, full-cell rate, and long-term cycling measurements. The electrolyte resistance <i>R</i>_<i>s</i> increases monotonically with thickness (GF/A 0.24 to GF/B 0.49 Ω), matching the Bruggeman–Ohm relation. The Tafel exchange current density j₀ orders as GF/D 1.10 &gt; GF/A 0.72 &gt; GF/C 0.59 &gt; GF/B 0.45 &gt; GF/F 0.23 mA cm⁻², following the mean-pore ranking but not the thickness ranking. This is the fast-supply effect, in which larger pores deliver Zn²⁺ to the anode faster, raising the apparent kinetics measured in a single voltage sweep. Repeated plate/strip cycling of the same Pair α gives the opposite ordering. At 0.7 A g⁻¹ in the full cell, GF/C sustains 135.7 mAh g⁻¹ while GF/A collapses to 69.5 mAh g⁻¹, because smaller pores drive more uniform Zn nucleation cycle after cycle, which we define as the uniform-deposition effect. The two effects share the same pore variable but operate in different regimes. Fast-supply dominates the single-sweep regime such as LSV; uniform-deposition dominates the multi-cycle plate/strip regime. Long-term cycling of GF/B confirms this, with 86.7% capacity retention over 900 cycles. Building on this dual-role pore framework, we propose “the smallest pore at acceptable thickness” as a separator design principle for high-rate, long-life Zn–I₂ applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":557,"journal":{"name":"Fibers and Polymers","volume":"27 9","pages":"4601 - 4611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tannins as Bio-Based UV-Blocking Agents for Textiles: Chemistry, Mechanisms, Processing Strategies, and Functional Performance","authors":"Mohammad Bellal Hoque,&nbsp;Md. Ariful Hossain Faisal,&nbsp;Dip Das,&nbsp;Papia Haque,&nbsp;Md. Abdus Shahid,&nbsp;Md. Mostafizur Rahman,&nbsp;Muhammad Abdur Rahman Bhuiyan,&nbsp;Anamul Hoque Bhuiyan,&nbsp;Md. Abdul Hannan","doi":"10.1007/s12221-026-01493-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12221-026-01493-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Growing concern over ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure and the environmental limitations of conventional synthetic UV absorbers has accelerated the search for sustainable alternatives in textile finishing. Among emerging bio-based materials, tannins have attracted significant attention due to their renewable origin, strong UV absorption capability, and multifunctional performance. This review provides a comprehensive and integrated analysis of tannins as natural UV-blocking agents for textiles by systematically linking molecular chemistry, processing strategies, and functional performance. The structural characteristics of hydrolysable, condensed, and complex tannins are examined in relation to their photophysical behavior, with particular emphasis on aromatic chromophores, phenolic hydroxyl groups, conjugated π-electron systems, and textile-level shielding effects, which collectively influence UV attenuation and energy dissipation. Mechanisms underlying UV protection, including photon absorption, radical scavenging, metal–polyphenol coordination, and formation of protective surface films, are critically discussed alongside fiber–tannin interaction pathways across cellulosic, protein, and synthetic substrates. The review further evaluates extraction approaches, sustainable processing routes, and textile application techniques such as exhaustion, pad–dry–cure, layer-by-layer deposition, encapsulation, and hybrid sol–gel systems. Reported studies demonstrate substantial enhancement of UPF, frequently achieving excellent protection levels (UPF ≥ 50 +), particularly when optimized concentrations, fabric structures, and fixation systems are employed. Despite promising performance, challenges related to durability, color control, and process standardization remain. By consolidating dispersed research findings, this work establishes a mechanistic and technological framework that supports the development of scalable, environmentally responsible UV-protective textile finishes based on tannin chemistry.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":557,"journal":{"name":"Fibers and Polymers","volume":"27 9","pages":"4305 - 4341"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermal Behavior of Functionalized Polybenzoxazines: Part 3, Comparison of Curing Behavior of Nitrile and Ethynyl Groups","authors":"Kwangsoo Cho,&nbsp;Wonsik Eom,&nbsp;Hodong Kim","doi":"10.1007/s12221-026-01499-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12221-026-01499-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polybenzoxazines (PBZs) are advanced thermosetting resins whose properties can be tuned by functional group substitution. In this study, the curing behaviors of bisphenol A-based benzoxazine monomers functionalized with nitrile and ethynyl groups at the ortho, meta, and para positions of the amine group were compared. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that nitrile substitution increased the onset and peak curing temperatures as well as the activation energy, thereby delaying the curing process. In contrast, ethynyl substitution significantly lowered these parameters, indicating a barrier-lowering effect that accelerates crosslinking. In situ FT-IR at 160 °C (air) confirmed slower ring-opening polymerization; nitrile conversion was minimal at this early stage, while ethynyl groups actively contributed to network formation. For nitrile-functionalized monomers, ortho, and para substitutions most severely hindered curing, whereas for ethynyl-functionalized monomers, meta-ethynyl provided the best balance when evaluated by lower <i>E</i>_a and higher network density. The results show the opposite directive influences of nitrile and ethynyl groups, which can serve as guidelines for controlling PBZs toward advanced thermal, structural, and electronic applications. All comparisons refer to identical early-stage FT-IR conditions (160 °C, air) and DSC-derived <i>E</i>_a; high-temperature trimerization of nitrile groups is discussed as a separate operating window.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":557,"journal":{"name":"Fibers and Polymers","volume":"27 9","pages":"4139 - 4148"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Reinforcement of Jute Fiber/Epoxy Composites Utilizing Sustainable Hybrid Fillers from Coconut-Leaf Midrib and Eggshell Waste","authors":"Niazur Rahim,&nbsp;Shihab Uddin,&nbsp;Imrul Haque Hiron,&nbsp;Md. Abdul Hasib,&nbsp;Md. Shariful Islam,&nbsp;Arup Kumar Debnath","doi":"10.1007/s12221-026-01488-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12221-026-01488-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The growing concern for environmentally friendly and sustainable materials has encouraged the development of natural fiber-based composites reinforced with biodegradable fillers. In this study, jute fiber was combined with coconut-leaf midrib and eggshell powders to fabricate environmentally sustainable epoxy composites. The novelty of this work lies in the combined use of agricultural and bio-waste fillers with jute fiber to develop cost-effective, environmentally friendly hybrid composites with improved mechanical performance. The fillers, processed to particle sizes below 75 µm, were incorporated at 0.5%, 1%, and 2% weight ratios. The hand layup method was used to fabricate the composites, and tensile, flexural, impact, and water absorption characteristics were evaluated in accordance with ASTM standards. Results revealed significant improvements in mechanical performance with filler addition. The 1% coconut-leaf-midrib composite showed a 20% increase in tensile strength and a 30.8% rise in tensile modulus compared to the base sample. Similarly, the 2% eggshell filler achieved a 26.7% increase in tensile strength, a 42.6% higher tensile modulus, and a 50.9% increase in impact strength. Flexural strength improved by up to 28.7%, while the flexural modulus increased by up to 49% for 2% eggshell filler. Both fillers reduced water absorption by nearly 5%, indicating lower porosity and improved moisture resistance. SEM analysis confirmed enhanced interfacial bonding and reduced void formation in filler-reinforced composites. These eco-friendly composites are promising for lightweight structural, automotive interior, packaging, and sustainable engineering applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":557,"journal":{"name":"Fibers and Polymers","volume":"27 9","pages":"4501 - 4515"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12221-026-01488-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact Response of Shear Thickening Fluid (STF)-Treated Woven Fabrics","authors":"Samireh Vahid,&nbsp;Gholamhossein Liaghat,&nbsp;Stephen Barton","doi":"10.1007/s12221-026-01491-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12221-026-01491-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper primarily sought to evaluate shear thickening fluid (STF) contributions to the impact responses of kenaf fabric, carbon fabric, glass fabric, and Kevlar fabric. Fumed silica nanoparticles were dispersed within polyethylene glycol (PEG) at a mass fraction of 35% to fabricate an STF. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that SiO₂ nanoparticles were effectively distributed throughout the suspension. Based on the pull-out test, the SFT treatment of the fabrics raised the pull-out load of yarns. The maximum pull-out load was obtained for kenaf fabric, which was explained by the inter-yarn interaction leading to substantial pull-out resistance. The STF contribution to the energy absorption of the fabrics was measured through comparison to the untreated specimens. Kevlar fabric was found to outperform the other fabric specimens, while kenaf fabric had the lowest performance. The large inter-friction of kenaf yarns did not improve the performance of kenaf since kenaf fabric yarns intrinsically have poor ultimate strength. The STF raised the average energy absorption of the Kevlar, kenaf, glass, and carbon fabric specimens by 45.6%, 75%, 62.3%, and 84%, respectively. Thus, the carbon fabric specimen enjoyed the maximum energy absorption enhancement upon STF treatment. Based on fabric deformations, the STF-treated fabrics had longer woven structure preservation than their untreated counterparts due to frictional yarn interactions, resulting in larger energy absorption capacities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":557,"journal":{"name":"Fibers and Polymers","volume":"27 9","pages":"4589 - 4600"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12221-026-01491-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Polyacrylonitrile-α-Fe2O3/MgO@g-C3N4 Nanofiber for High Air Filtration Efficiency and Photocatalytic Degradation of Toluene Under Visible Light","authors":"Farshid Ghorbani Shahna,&nbsp;Rezvan Abedinloo,&nbsp;Abdulrahman Bahrami,&nbsp;Majid Habibi Mohraz,&nbsp;Saeid Azizian,&nbsp;Maryam Farhadian","doi":"10.1007/s12221-026-01490-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12221-026-01490-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Particulate matter and gas pollutants usually coexist in the air. In this study, electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers coated with a α-Fe₂O₃/MgO@g-C₃N₄ ternary photocatalyst were fabricated and used for particle filtration as well as photocatalytic oxidation of toluene in air under visible light. The α-Fe₂O₃/MgO@g-C₃N₄ catalyst was added to 12% PAN solutions at 5, 10, 30, and 50 wt%. The filtration performance of the nanofibers was investigated using 0.3 μm KCl particles, with face velocities maintained at 5 and 10 cm/s. Additionally, photocatalytic removal of toluene was evaluated under visible-light LED irradiation. Both the filtration efficiency and the pressure drop exhibited a gradual increase with increasing nanocatalyst loading on the nanofibers. PAN 50% FG@MgO exhibited excellent efficiency, about 99.30 and 97.25% at face velocities of 5 and 10 cm/s, respectively. The highest quality factor was related to PAN-30% FG@MgO. The toluene degradation rate was also higher with increasing percentage of catalysts in the samples. In PAN 50% FG@MgO, the degradation efficiency was about 48.3% after 55 min and showed superior stability with a kinetic rate constant of 0.0385 min⁻¹, nearly four times lower than pure PAN, highlighting its durability. The FG@MgO-PAN nanofibers are an innovative, environmentally friendly solution for air pollution treatment in real environments.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":557,"journal":{"name":"Fibers and Polymers","volume":"27 9","pages":"4243 - 4254"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polychloroaniline and Tin Oxide Quantum Dots: Photocatalytic Activity, Recycling Process, and Germination of Vegetable Seeds","authors":"Rehab Alatawi,&nbsp;Mubark Alshareef,&nbsp;Jawza Sh. Alnawmasi,&nbsp;Fatmah M. Alkhatib,&nbsp;Sara A. Alqarni,&nbsp;Mona A. Alhasani,&nbsp;Ameena M. Al-Bonayan,&nbsp;Nashwa M. El-Metwaly","doi":"10.1007/s12221-026-01494-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12221-026-01494-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The novel polychloroaniline/tin oxide quantum dots (PolyClAN/SnO₂Q) composite, synthesized via in situ polymerization of polychloroaniline with quantum-confined tin oxide, was rigorously characterized using XRD, FTIR, UV–Vis, and TEM techniques. The composite exhibits a core–shell architecture with particle dimensions of 28–32 nm, and an optical band gap of 3.13 eV. Photocatalytic tests under 100 W xenon lamp irradiation revealed that PolyClAN/SnO₂Q degraded 79.9% of Brilliant Blue R dye within 100 min, achieving intermediate conversion (79.9% vs. SnO₂Q 92.8%), yet demonstrating superior durability, industrial wastewater efficacy, and ecological compatibility, positioning the composite as the optimal choice for practical photocatalytic treatment. Application to industrial wastewater showed chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction from 8060 to 760 ppm, thereby surpassing regulatory thresholds for discharge and reuse. Phytotoxicity assays indicated beneficial effects on cucumber seed germination, with root length enhancement rates of 40.2% (Cd concentration: 10 mg/L) and 105.5% (Cd concentration: 100 mg/L) in dye-treated irrigation scenarios. The superior photocatalytic performance and ecological compatibility of PolyClAN/SnO₂Q, attributed to quantum confinement effects and tailored interfacial charge transfer, position this composite as a prominent candidate for sustainable industrial wastewater treatment, aligning with advances in the design of polymer-inorganic hybrid photocatalysts for environmental remediation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":557,"journal":{"name":"Fibers and Polymers","volume":"27 9","pages":"4157 - 4185"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dyeing of Fireweed Yarn with Natural Gardenia Yellow Dye","authors":"Zhuyu Li,&nbsp;Ying Ke","doi":"10.1007/s12221-026-01482-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12221-026-01482-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The fireweed yarn is derived from the leaves of a plant endemic to southwest China. This material has been traditionally utilized by ethnic minorities for clothing production. It possesses a rich historical significance and environmentally sustainable characteristics, warranting further protection and development. In order to solve the problem of single color of fireweed yarn, this paper employs various mordant technology and four kinds of metal mordant to dye the yarns with natural gardenia yellow dye. The dyeing properties are evaluated based on dyeing strength and fastness, while dyeing parameters are optimized through orthogonal testing. The results indicated that the optimal dyeing conditions for fireweed yarn dyed with gardenia yellow dye were as follows: employing the co-mordanting method with ferrous sulfate as a mordant, a dyeing temperature of 80 °C, a dyeing duration of 70 min, a dye concentration of 30% (on weight of fiber), and a salt concentration of 20 g/L. The color fastness of dyed yarns to light was rated at Grade 4, and the color fastness to washing was classified as Grade 4 (color change) and Grade 3 (color staining), with favorable application prospects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":557,"journal":{"name":"Fibers and Polymers","volume":"27 9","pages":"4449 - 4457"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148695175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}